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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Temporal evolution of femtosecond laser induced plasma filament in air and N{sub 2}

We present single shot, high resolution, time-resolved measurements of the relaxation of laser induced plasma filaments in air and in N{sub 2} gas. Based on the measurements of the time dependent electromagnetic signal in a waveguide, an accurate and simple derivation of the electron density in the filament is demonstrated. This experimental method does not require prior knowledge of filament dimensions or control over its exact spatial location. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations of air plasma chemistry. Results reveal the role of various decay mechanisms including the importance of O{sub 4}{sup +} molecular levels.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Study of self-compliance behaviors and internal filament characteristics in intrinsic SiO{sub x}-based resistive switching memory

Self-compliance characteristics and reliability optimization are investigated in intrinsic unipolar silicon oxide (SiO{sub x})-based resistive switching (RS) memory using TiW/SiO{sub x}/TiW device structures. The program window (difference between SET voltage and RESET voltage) is dependent on external series resistance, demonstrating that the SET process is due to a voltage-triggered mechanism. The program window has been optimized for program/erase disturbance immunity and reliability for circuit-level applications. The SET and RESET transitions have also been characterized using a dynamic conductivity method, which distinguishes the self-compliance behavior due to an internal series resistance effect (filament) in SiO{sub x}-based RS memory. By using a conceptual “filament/resistive gap (GAP)” model of the conductive filament and a proton exchange model with appropriate assumptions, the internal filament resistance and GAP resistance can be estimated for high- and low-resistance states (HRS and LRS), and are found to be independent of external series resistance. Our experimental results not only provide insights into potential reliability issues but also help to clarify the switching mechanisms and device operating characteristics of SiO{sub x}-based RS memory.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Extension of filament propagation in water with Bessel-Gaussian beams

We experimentally studied intense femtosecond pulse filamentation and propagation in water for Bessel-Gaussian beams with different numbers of radial modal lobes. The transverse modes of the incident Bessel-Gaussian beam were created from a Gaussian beam of a Ti:sapphire laser system by using computer generated hologram techniques. We found that filament propagation length increased with increasing number of lobes under the conditions of the same peak intensity, pulse duration, and the size of the central peak of the incident beam, suggesting that the radial modal lobes may serve as an energy reservoir for the filaments formed by the central intensity peak.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Edge localized mode rotation and the nonlinear dynamics of filaments

Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) rotating precursors were reported few milliseconds before an ELM crash in several tokamak experiments. Also, the reversal of the filaments rotation at the ELM crash is commonly observed. In this article, we present a mathematical model that reproduces the rotation of the ELM precursors as well as the reversal of the filaments rotation at the ELM crash. Linear ballooning theory is used to establish a formula estimating the rotation velocity of ELM precursors. The linear study together with nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic simulations give an explanation to the rotations observed experimentally. Unstable ballooning modes, localized at the pedestal, grow and rotate in the electron diamagnetic direction in the laboratory reference frame. Approaching the ELM crash, this rotation decreases corresponding to the moment when the magnetic reconnection occurs. During the highly nonlinear ELM crash, the ELM filaments are cut from the main plasma due to the strong sheared mean flow that is nonlinearly generated via the Maxwell stress tensor.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Reduction of blob-filament radial propagation by parallel variation of flows: Analysis of a gyrokinetic simulation

Data from the XGC1 gyrokinetic simulation is analyzed to understand the three-dimensional spatial structure and the radial propagation of blob-filaments generated by quasisteady turbulence in the tokamak edge pedestal and scrape-off layer plasma. Spontaneous toroidal flows vary in the poloidal direction and shear the filaments within a flux surface resulting in a structure that varies in the parallel direction. Here, this parallel structure allows the curvature and grad-B induced polarization charge density to be shorted out via parallel electron motion. As a result, it is found that the blob-filament radial velocity is significantly reduced from estimates which neglect parallel electron kinetics, broadly consistent with experimental observations. Conditions for when this charge shorting effect tends to dominate blob dynamics are derived and compared with the simulation.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

USING CORONAL CELLS TO INFER THE MAGNETIC FIELD STRUCTURE AND CHIRALITY OF FILAMENT CHANNELS

Coronal cells are visible at temperatures of {approx}1.2 MK in Fe XII coronal images obtained from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft. We show that near a filament channel, the plumelike tails of these cells bend horizontally in opposite directions on the two sides of the channel like fibrils in the chromosphere. Because the cells are rooted in magnetic flux concentrations of majority polarity, these observations can be used with photospheric magnetograms to infer the direction of the horizontal field in filament channels and the chirality of the associated magnetic field. This method is similar to the procedure for inferring the direction of the magnetic field and the chirality of the fibril pattern in filament channels from H{alpha} observations. However, the coronal cell observations are easier to use and provide clear inferences of the horizontal field direction for heights up to {approx}50 Mm into the corona.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

The W40 region in the gould belt: An embedded cluster and H II region at the junction of filaments

We present a multiwavelength study of the W40 star-forming region using infrared (IR) observations in the UKIRT JHK bands, Spitzer Infrared Array Camera bands, and Herschel PACS bands, 2.12 μm H{sub 2} narrowband imaging, and radio continuum observations from GMRT (610 and 1280 MHz), in a field of view (FoV) of ∼34' × 40'. Archival Spitzer observations in conjunction with near-IR observations are used to identify 1162 Class II/III and 40 Class I sources in the FoV. The nearest-neighbor stellar surface density analysis shows that the majority of these young stellar objects (YSOs) constitute the embedded cluster centered on the high-mass source IRS 1A South. Some YSOs, predominantly the younger population, are distributed along and trace the filamentary structures at lower stellar surface density. The cluster radius is measured to be 0.44 pc—matching well with the extent of radio emission—with a peak density of 650 pc{sup –2}. The JHK data are used to map the extinction in the region, which is subsequently used to compute the cloud mass—126 M {sub ☉} and 71 M {sub ☉} for the central cluster and the northern IRS 5 region, respectively. H{sub 2} narrowband imaging shows significant emission, which prominently resembles fluorescent emission arising at the borders of dense regions. Radio continuum analysis shows that this region has a blister morphology, with the radio peak coinciding with a protostellar source. Free-free emission spectral energy distribution analysis is used to obtain physical parameters of the overall photoionized region and the IRS 5 sub-region. This multiwavelength scenario is suggestive of star formation having resulted from the merging of multiple filaments to form a hub. Star formation seems to have taken place in two successive epochs, with the first epoch traced by the central cluster and the high-mass star(s)—followed by a second epoch that is spreading into the filaments as uncovered by the Class I sources and even younger protostellar sources along the filaments. The IRS 5 H II region displays indications of swept-up material that has possibly led to the formation of protostars.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Exploring hot gas at junctions of galaxy filaments with Suzaku

We performed five pointing observations with Suzaku to search for hot gases associated with the junctions of galaxy filaments where no significant diffuse X-ray sources were previously detected. We discovered X-ray sources successfully in all five regions including merging groups of galaxies, Suzaku J0957+2610 and Suzaku J1134+2105, and analyzed two bright sources in each field. Spectral analysis indicates that three sources originate from X-ray diffuse halos associated with optically bright galaxies or groups of galaxies with kT ∼ 0.6-0.8 keV. The three other sources are possibly group- and cluster-scale X-ray halos with temperatures of ∼1 keV and ∼4 keV, respectively while the others are compact object origins such as active galactic nuclei. All of the three observed intracluster media within the junctions of the galaxy filaments previously found are involved in ongoing mergers. Thus, we demonstrate that deep X-ray observations at the filament junctions identified by galaxy surveys are a powerful means to explore previously undetected growing halos in a hierarchical structure.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

The impact of a filament eruption on nearby high-lying cool loops

The first spectroscopic observations of cool Mg II loops above the solar limb observed by NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) are presented. During the observation period, IRIS is pointed off-limb, allowing the observation of high-lying loops, which reach over 70 Mm in height. Low-lying cool loops were observed by the IRIS slit-jaw camera for the entire four-hour observing window. There is no evidence of a central reversal in the line profiles, and the Mg II h/k ratio is approximately two. The Mg II spectral lines show evidence of complex dynamics in the loops with Doppler velocities reaching ±40 km s{sup –1}. The complex motions seen indicate the presence of multiple threads in the loops and separate blobs. Toward the end of the observing period, a filament eruption occurs that forms the core of a coronal mass ejection. As the filament erupts, it impacts these high-lying loops, temporarily impeding these complex flows, most likely due to compression. This causes the plasma motions in the loops to become blueshifted and then redshifted. The plasma motions are seen before the loops themselves start to oscillate as they reach equilibrium following the impact. The ratio of the Mg h/k lines also increases following the impact of the filament.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

LATERAL DOWNFLOWS IN SUNSPOT PENUMBRAL FILAMENTS AND THEIR TEMPORAL EVOLUTION

We study the temporal evolution of downflows observed at the lateral edges of penumbral filaments in a sunspot located very close to the disk center. Our analysis is based on a sequence of nearly diffraction-limited scans of the Fe i 617.3 nm line taken with the CRisp Imaging Spectro-Polarimeter instrument at the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. We compute Dopplergrams from the observed intensity profiles using line bisectors and filter the resulting velocity maps for subsonic oscillations. Lateral downflows appear everywhere in the center-side penumbra as small, weak patches of redshifts next to or along the edges of blueshifted flow channels. These patches have an intermittent life and undergo mergings and fragmentations quite frequently. The lateral downflows move together with the hosting filaments and react to their shape variations, very much resembling the evolution of granular convection in the quiet Sun. There is a good relation between brightness and velocity in the center-side penumbra, with downflows being darker than upflows on average, which is again reminiscent of quiet Sun convection. These results point to the existence of overturning convection in sunspot penumbrae, with elongated cells forming filaments where the flow is upward but very inclined, and weak lateral downward flows. In general, the circular polarization profiles emerging from the lateral downflows do not show sign reversals, although sometimes we detect three-lobed profiles that are suggestive of opposite magnetic polarities in the pixel.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

GRADUAL MAGNETIC EVOLUTION OF SUNSPOT STRUCTURE AND FILAMENT–CORONA DYNAMICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE X1.8 FLARE IN AR11283

In this paper, we present a study of the persistent and gradual penumbral decay and the correlated decline of the photospheric transverse field component 10–20 hr before a major flare (X1.8) eruption on 2011 September 7. This long-term pre-eruption behavior is corroborated by the well-imaged pre-flare filament rising, the consistent expansion of the coronal arcades overlying the filament, and the nonlinear force-free field modeling results in the literature. We suggest that both the long-term pre-flare penumbral decay and the transverse field decline are photospheric manifestations of the gradual rise of the coronal filament–flux rope system. We also suggest that the C3 flare and the subsequent reconnection process preceding the X1.8 flare play an important role in triggering the later major eruption.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

MHD-induced SOL filaments and divertor heat flux striations in NSTX

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity in NSTX has been found to induce striated heat flux patterns at the divertor. These striated heat fluxes were previously interpreted as strike-point splitting caused by stochastic magnetic lobes near the X-point. Recent analysis indicates that MHD can directly generate filaments in the scrape-off layer (SOL), and the MHD-related filaments are consistent with the rotation and the frequency of the MHD. Magnetic field line tracing from the mid-plane of the MHD-related filaments to the divertor is consistent with the location of striated heat fluxes on the divertor. Additionally, gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic data shows the generation of regular blobs following each edge harmonic oscillation (EHO) toroidal mode number n = 1 perturbation, which indicates that the MHD perturbation directly drives the blobs. These blobs are responsible for the divertor heat flux striations. Here, this finding provides a new framework for understanding MHD-induced edge transport and has important implications for heat-load control in NSTX-U and future spherical tokamaks.

MHD↗
DOE OSTI2025

Observation of stationary filaments with resonant magnetic perturbations in NSTX

The application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) induces striated heat fluxes on the divertor plate in tokamaks. These striated heat fluxes were previously considered strike point splitting by the intersection between the divertor and predicted magnetic lobe structures. Recently, the existence of stationary 3D filaments has been observed for the first time in National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) plasmas with toroidal mode number n = 3 RMPs. Magnetic field line tracing of these filaments from the midplane to the divertor is consistent with the quantity and the radial and toroidal location of striated heat fluxes observed on the divertor. This study suggests that divertor striated heat flux patterns are linked to these stationary filaments rather than to strike point splitting or magnetic lobe structures for NSTX. This finding will help guide future efforts to understand the heat flux striations in NSTX with RMPs in order to control and reduce the divertor peak heat flux.

RMPs↗
DOE OSTI2015

ACCELERATION PHASES OF A SOLAR FILAMENT DURING ITS ERUPTION

Filament eruptions often lead to coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which can affect critical technological systems in space and on the ground when they interact with the geo-magnetosphere at high speeds. Therefore, it is important to investigate the acceleration mechanisms of CMEs in solar/space physics. Based on observations and simulations, the resistive magnetic reconnection and the ideal instability of magnetic flux ropes have been proposed to accelerate CMEs. However, it remains uncertain whether both of them play a comparable role during a particular eruption. It has been extremely difficult to separate their contributions as they often work in a close time sequence during one fast acceleration phase. Here we report an intriguing filament eruption event, which shows two apparently separated fast acceleration phases and provides us an excellent opportunity to address the issue. Through analyzing the correlations between velocity (acceleration) and soft (hard) X-ray profiles, we suggest that the instability and magnetic reconnection make a major contribution during the first and second fast acceleration phases, respectively. Further, we find that both processes have a comparable contribution to the filament acceleration in this event.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

A Multiscale Modeling Approach to Analyze Filament-Wound Composite Pressure Vessels

A multiscale modeling approach to analyze filament-wound composite pressure vessels is developed in this article. The approach, which extends the Nguyen et al. model [J. Comp. Mater. 43 (2009) 217] developed for discontinuous fiber composites to continuous fiber ones, spans three modeling scales. The microscale considers the unidirectional elastic fibers embedded in an elastic-plastic matrix obeying the Ramberg-Osgood relation and J2 deformation theory of plasticity. The mesoscale behavior representing the composite lamina is obtained through an incremental Mori-Tanaka type model and the Eshelby equivalent inclusion method [Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A241 (1957) 376]. The implementation of the micro-meso constitutive relations in the ABAQUS® finite element package (via user subroutines) allows the analysis of a filament-wound composite pressure vessel (macroscale) to be performed. Failure of the composite lamina is predicted by a criterion that accounts for the strengths of the fibers and of the matrix as well as of their interface. The developed approach is demonstrated in the analysis of a filament-wound pressure vessel to study the effect of the lamina thickness on the burst pressure. The predictions are favorably compared to the numerical and experimental results by Lifshitz and Dayan [Comp. Struct. 32 (1995) 313].

Filament-wound composite, pressure vessel, multisc↗
DOE OSTI2014

Chemical strategies for the covalent modification of filamentous phage

Historically filamentous bacteriophage have been known to be the workhorse of phage display due to their ability to link genotype to phenotype. More recently, the filamentous phage scaffold has proven to be powerful outside the realm of phage display technology in fields such as molecular imaging, cancer research and materials, and vaccine development. The ability of the virion to serve as a platform for a variety of applications heavily relies on the functionalization of the phage coat proteins with a wide variety of functionalities. Genetic modification of the coat proteins has been the most widely used strategy for functionalizing the virion; however, complementary chemical modification strategies can help to diversify the range of materials that can be developed. This review emphasizes the recent advances that have been made in the chemical modification of filamentous phage as well as some of the challenges that are involved in functionalizing the virion.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Discovery of a novel filamentous prophage in the genome of the Mimosa pudica microsymbiont Cupriavidus taiwanensis STM 6018

Integrated virus genomes (prophages) are commonly found in sequenced bacterial genomes but have rarely been described in detail for rhizobial genomes. Cupriavidus taiwanensis STM 6018 is a rhizobial Betaproteobacteria strain that was isolated in 2006 from a root nodule of a Mimosa pudica host in French Guiana, South America. Here we describe features of the genome of STM 6018, focusing on the characterization of two different types of prophages that have been identified in its genome. The draft genome of STM 6018 is 6,553,639 bp, and consists of 80 scaffolds, containing 5,864 protein-coding genes and 61 RNA genes. STM 6018 contains all the nodulation and nitrogen fixation gene clusters common to symbiotic Cupriavidus species; sharing >99.97% bp identity homology to the nod / nif / noeM gene clusters from C. taiwanensis LMG19424 T and “ Cupriavidus neocalidonicus” STM 6070. The STM 6018 genome contains the genomes of two prophages: one complete Mu-like capsular phage and one filamentous phage, which integrates into a putative dif site. This is the first characterization of a filamentous phage found within the genome of a rhizobial strain. Further examination of sequenced rhizobial genomes identified filamentous prophage sequences in several Beta-rhizobial strains but not in any Alphaproteobacterial rhizobia.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

EMD-57033 Augments the Contractility in Porcine Myocardium by Promoting the Activation of Myosin in Thick Filaments

Sufficient cardiac contractility is necessary to ensure the sufficient cardiac output to provide an adequate end-organ perfusion. Inadequate cardiac output and the diminished perfusion of vital organs from depressed myocardium contractility is a hallmark end-stage of heart failure. There are no available therapeutics that directly target contractile proteins to improve the myocardium contractility and reduce mortality. The purpose of this study is to present a proof of concept to aid in the development of muscle activators (myotropes) for augmenting the contractility in clinical heart failure. Here we use a combination of cardiomyocyte mechanics, the biochemical quantification of the ATP turnover, and small angle X-ray diffraction on a permeabilized porcine myocardium to study the mechanisms of EMD-57033 (EMD) for activating myosin. We show that EMD increases the contractility in a porcine myocardium at submaximal and systolic calcium concentrations. Biochemical assays show that EMD decreases the proportion of myosin heads in the energy sparing super-relaxed (SRX) state under relaxing conditions, which are less likely to interact with actin during contraction. Structural assays show that EMD moves the myosin heads in relaxed muscles from a structurally ordered state close to the thick filament backbone, to a disordered state closer to the actin filament, while simultaneously inducing structural changes in the troponin complex on the actin filament. The dual effects of EMD on activating myosin heads and the troponin complex provides a proof of concept for the use of small molecule muscle activators for augmenting the contractility in heart failure.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗