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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Spin and lattice dynamics of the two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet CrI3

Chromium tri-iodide (CrI 3 ) is a prototypical ferromagnetic van der Waals insulator with its genuinely two-dimensional (2D) long-range magnetic order below 45 K demonstrated recently. The underlying magnetic anisotropy has not been completely understood while both the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction and the Kitaev—Γ type interaction have been considered as the relevant magnetic Hamiltonian. In addition, the relation between the crystal structure and the magnetic order needs to be further elucidated concerning their possible coupling in few-layer samples and in the topmost surface layers of bulk samples. Here, we investigate these issues via temperature- and magnetic field-dependent terahertz spectroscopy on bulk CrI 3 single crystals, focusing on the dynamics of ferromagnetic resonances (FMRs) and optical phonons in the terahertz (THz) region from 4 to 120 cm -1 (from 0.5 to 15 meV). We narrow down the possible ranges of the interaction parameters such as the off-diagonal symmetric terms and the single-ion anisotropy. The accurate values of these parameters significantly constrain the magnitude of possible Kitaev—Γ exchange interaction and the topological magnon gap. Moreover, the structure-magnetism relationship was critically analyzed based on the temperature- and field-dependences of two E u in-plane optical phonon modes, which shows that the commonly believed structural phase diagram of CrI 3 , derived from surface-preferential data, has to be seriously modified.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Low-temperature ferromagnetic properties in Co-doped Ag{sub 2}Se nanoparticles

β-Ag{sub 2}Se is a topologically nontrivial insulator. The magnetic properties of Co-doped Ag{sub 2}Se nanoparticles with Co concentrations up to 40% were investigated. The cusp of zero-field-cooling magnetization curves and the low-temperature hysteresis loops were observed. With increasing concentration of Co{sup 2+} ions mainly substituting Ag{sub I} sites in the Ag{sub 2}Se structure, the resistivity, Curie temperature T{sub c}, and magnetization increased. At 10 T, a sharp drop of resistance near T{sub c} was detected due to Co dopants. The ferromagnetic behavior in Co-doped Ag{sub 2}Se might result from the intra-layer ferromagnetic coupling and surface spin. This magnetic semiconductor is a promising candidate in electronics and spintronics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Room temperature ferromagnetism in a phthalocyanine based carbon material

We report on a simple method to fabricate a magnetic carbon material that contains nitrogen-coordinated transition metals and has a large magnetic moment. Highly chlorinated iron phthalocyanine was used as building blocks and potassium as a coupling reagent to uniformly disperse nitrogen-coordinated iron atoms on the phthalocyanine based carbon material. The iron phthalocyanine based carbon material exhibits ferromagnetic properties at room temperature and the ferromagnetic phase transition occurs at T{sub c} = 490 ± 10 K. Transmission electron microscopy observation, X-ray diffraction analysis, and the temperature dependence of magnetization suggest that the phthalocyanine molecules form three-dimensional random networks in the iron phthalocyanine based carbon material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Barkhausen discontinuities and hysteresis of ferromagnetics: New stochastic approach

The magnetization of ferromagnetic material is considered as periodically inhomogeneous Markov process. The theory assumes both statistically independent and correlated Barkhausen discontinuities. The model, based on the chain evolution-type process theory, assumes that the domain structure of a ferromagnet passes successively the steps of: linear growing, exponential acceleration and domains annihilation to zero density at magnetic saturation. The solution of stochastic differential Kolmogorov equation enables the hysteresis loop calculus.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Controlling ferromagnetism of (In,Fe)As semiconductors by electron doping

Based on experimental results, using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) method and Monte Carlo simulation, we study the mechanism of ferromagnetic behavior of (In,Fe)As. We show that with doped Be atoms occupying in interstitial sites, chemical pair interactions between atoms and magnetic exchange interactions between Fe atoms change due to electron concentration. Therefore, by controlling the doping process, magnetic behavior of (In,Fe)As is controlled and ferromagnetism is observed in this semiconductor.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ferromagnetic response of multiferroic TbMnO{sub 3} films mediated by epitaxial strain and chemical pressure

High quality Tb{sub 1−x}Al{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x = 0, 0.3) films have been grown under different values of compressive/tensile strain using (001)-oriented SrTiO{sub 3} and MgO substrates. The films were grown by means of rf sputtering at substrate temperature of 800 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that films are single phase, preferentially oriented in the (111) and (122) directions for films deposited on SrTiO{sub 3} and MgO substrates, respectively. Although the TbMnO{sub 3} target shows antiferromagnetic order, the films deposited on both substrates show weak ferromagnetic phase at low temperature coexisting with the antiferromagnetic phase. The introduction of Al in the films clearly enhances their ferromagnetic behavior, improving the magnetic performance of this material. Indeed, M(H) measurements at 5 K show a well-defined hysteresis for films grown on both substrates. However, a stronger magnetic signal (larger values of remanence and coercive field) is observed for films deposited on MgO substrates. The chemical pressure generated by Al doping together with the substrate-induced strain seem to modify the subtle competition between magnetic interactions in the system. It is speculated that such modification could lead to a non-collinear magnetic state that may be tuned by strain modifications. This may be performed by varying the thickness of the films and/or considering other substrate materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Spin-lattice dynamics simulation of external field effect on magnetic order of ferromagnetic iron

Modeling of field-induced magnetization in ferromagnetic materials has been an active topic in the last dozen years, yet a dynamic treatment of distance-dependent exchange integral has been lacking. In view of that, we employ spin-lattice dynamics (SLD) simulations to study the external field effect on magnetic order of ferromagnetic iron. Our results show that an external field can increase the inflection point of the temperature. Also the model provides a better description of the effect of spin correlation in response to an external field than the mean-field theory. An external field has a more prominent effect on the long range magnetic order than on the short range counterpart. Furthermore, an external field allows the magnon dispersion curves and the uniform precession modes to exhibit magnetic order variation from their temperature dependence.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Room-temperature ferromagnetism and optical properties in Mg-doped TiO{sub 2}: A density functional theory investigation

The magnetic and optical properties of Mg-doped anatase TiO{sub 2} have been theoretically investigated using the LDA+U method. The total induced moments are about 2 μ{sub B}, which mainly localize on the nearest apical oxygen atoms. Moreover, the hole-induced interactions indicate that the magnetic moments prefer to the ferromagnetic coupling with the antiferromagnetic state lying 1160 meV higher in energy. This implies that the ferromagnetic state can be stable against thermal fluctuations up to room temperature. Additionally, the Mg doping is able to enhance the absorption efficiency of solar spectrum, especially in the near-infrared light region, which origins from the isolated O 2p states above the valence-band maximum rather than the effect of band-gap narrowing.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Half-metallic ferromagnetism in Fe-doped Zn{sub 3}P{sub 2} from first-principles calculations

Using the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory, we have studied the magnetism and electronic structure of Fe-doped Zinc Phosphide (Zn{sub 3}P{sub 2}). Our results show that the half-metallic ground state and ferromagnetic stability for the small Fe concentrations considered in our study. The stability of the doped material has been studied by calculating the heat of formation and analyzing the minimum total energies in nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. A large value of the magnetic moment is obtained from our calculations and our calculation suggests that the Fe-doped Zn{sub 3}P{sub 2} may be a useful material in semiconductor spintronics.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Half-metallic ferromagnetism in full-Heusler compounds ACaX{sub 2} (A = K and Rb; X = N and O)

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of hypothetical ACaX{sub 2} (A = K and Rb; X= N and O) compounds in full-Heusler phase have been investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA). The electronic band structures and density of states of these compounds show that the spin-down electrons have metallic, and the spin-up electrons have a semi conducting gap resulting in stable half-metallic ferromagnetic behaviour. The strong spin polarization of 2p states of N and O atoms is found to be the origin of ferromagnetism which results in a total magnetic moment of 3{sub μB} and 1{sub μB} respectively.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Intrinsic spin dependent and ferromagnetic stability on edge saturated zigzag graphene-like carbon-nitride nanoribbons

Using first-principles calculations, we have investigated the electronic and magnetic properties of zigzag graphene-like carbon-nitride nanoribbons (Zg-CNNRs) with mono- and dihydrogen-terminated edges asymmetrically. The results demonstrate that spin-down channel completely dominates the states adjacent Fermi level, which is an intrinsic feature and can be accounted for the valence band maximum derived from the nonbonding N-(p{sub x},p{sub y}) orbitals, instead of the bonding C/N-p{sub z} π state. Importantly, ferromagnetic ordering is found to be preferred and the magnetism is entirely localized on the N sites of saturated edge due to its stronger electronegativity. Additionally, various edge saturations are further proposed to try to enhance the ferromagnetic ordering and to manipulate the magnetism distributions of Zg-CNNRs.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Edge-states ferromagnetism of WS{sub 2} nanosheets

The multilayer WS{sub 2} nanosheets prepared from WO{sub 3} nanowires exhibit strong ferromagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization (M{sub S}) of 0.0058 emu/g and coercive field (H{sub C}) of 92 Oe at room temperature. By decreasing the temperature down to 3 K the H{sub c} is increased up to 1115 Oe, revealing the existence of long-range magnetic ordering. Density functional theory spin-polarized calculations predict that strong ferromagnetic moments in WS{sub 2} nanosheets are attributed to the zigzag edge sulphur S and tungsten W atoms. Our findings also suggest that the WS{sub 2} nanosheets with a high density of edge spins could be used to fabricate spintronics devices, which are circuits utilizing the spin of the electron to process and store information.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Positive magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic Nd-doped In{sub 2}O{sub 3} thin films grown by pulse laser deposition

We report the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of (In{sub 0.985}Nd{sub 0.015}){sub 2}O{sub 2.89} thin films grown by pulse laser deposition. The clear magnetization hysteresis loops with the complementary magnetic domain structure reveal the intrinsic room temperature ferromagnetism in the as-prepared films. The strong sp-f exchange interaction as a result of the rare earth doping is discussed as the origin of the magnetotransport behaviours. A positive magnetoresistance (∼29.2%) was observed at 5 K and ascribed to the strong ferromagnetic sp-f exchange interaction in (In{sub 0.985}Nd{sub 0.015}){sub 2}O{sub 2.89} thin films due to a large Zeeman splitting in an external magnetic field of 50 KOe.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Exotic exchange bias at epitaxial ferroelectric-ferromagnetic interfaces

Multiferroics in spintronics have opened up opportunities for future technological developments, particularly in the field of ferroelectric (FE)-ferromagnetic (FM) oxide interfaces with functionalities. We find strong exchange bias shifts (up to 84 Oe) upon field cooling in metal-oxide (Fe/BaTiO{sub 3}) films combining FM and FE layers. The saturation magnetic moment of the FM layer is also significantly higher than in bulk (3.0 ± 0.2 μ{sub B}/atom) and the reversal mechanism occurs via a domain nucleation process. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fe K-edge and Ba L3-edge indicate presence of few monolayers of antiferromagnetic FeO at the interface without the formation of any BaFeO{sub 3} layer. Polarized neutron reflectometry corroborates with our magnetization data as we perform depth profiling of the magnetic and structural densities in these bilayers. Our first principles density functional calculations support the formation of antiferromagnetic FeO layers at the interface along with an enhancement of Fe magnetic moments in the inner ferromagnetic layers.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Spin and orbital magnetic moments of Fe in the n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor (In,Fe)As

The electronic and magnetic properties of Fe atoms in the ferromagnetic semiconductor (In,Fe)As codoped with Be have been studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Fe L{sub 2,3} edge. The XAS and XMCD spectra showed simple spectral line shapes similar to Fe metal, but the ratio of the orbital and spin magnetic moments (M{sub orb}/M{sub spin}) estimated using the XMCD sum rules was significantly larger than that of Fe metal, indicating a significant orbital moment of Fe 3d electrons in (In,Fe)As:Be. The positive value of M{sub orb}/M{sub spin} implies that the Fe 3d shell is more than half-filled, which arises from the hybridization of the Fe{sup 3+} (d{sup 5}) state with the charge-transfer d{sup 6}L{sub ¯} states, where L{sub ¯} is a ligand hole in the host valence band. The XMCD intensity as a function of magnetic field indicated hysteretic behavior of the superparamagnetic-like component due to discrete ferromagnetic domains.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Laser annealing induced ferromagnetism in SrTiO{sub 3} single crystal

The appearance of ferromagnetic order up to 400 K upon KrF (248 nm) laser irradiation is reported in un-doped SrTiO{sub 3} (STO) single crystal. The high resolution x-ray photo emission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements reveal a strong shift of Sr-, Ti-, and O-related peaks. X-ray diffraction of laser annealed STO does not reveal a signature of either secondary magnetic or amorphous phases. 300 K X-band (∼9.543 GHz) angle-dependent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements showed no evidence of additional magnetic peaks upon laser irradiation. XPS and EPR data did not provide a strong evidence of Ti{sup 3+} formation upon laser annealing. No differences in the visible 300 K Raman spectra of pristine and laser annealed STO are noticed. Interestingly, the magnetic moment is decreased by almost 10-fold upon oxygen annealing of laser annealed STO, inferring that oxygen vacancies play an important role in establishing the observed ferromagnetism.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Shear strain mediated magneto-electric effects in composites of piezoelectric lanthanum gallium silicate or tantalate and ferromagnetic alloys

Shear strain mediated magneto-electric (ME) coupling is studied in composites of piezoelectric Y-cut lanthanum gallium silicate (LGS) or tantalate (LGT) and ferromagnetic Fe-Co-V alloys. It is shown that extensional strain does not result in ME effects in these layered composites. Under shear strain generated by an ac and dc bias magnetic fields along the length and width of the sample, respectively, strong ME coupling is measured at low-frequencies and at mechanical resonance. A model is discussed for the ME effects. These composites of Y-cut piezoelectrics and ferromagnetic alloys are of importance for shear strain based magnetic field sensors.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Room temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped amorphous carbon composites from the spin polarized semiconductor band

This study provides conclusive evidence of room temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped amorphous carbon (a-C) composites from the spin polarized semiconductor band. These composites are constructed from discontinuous [Co(3 nm)/a-C(d{sub c} nm)]{sub 5} multilayers with d{sub c} = 3 nm and d{sub c} = 6 nm. Only remnant circular dichroism (CD) was observed from the d{sub c} = 3 nm sample but not when d{sub c} = 6 nm. In addition, the remnant CD peaks at 5.5 eV, which is comparable with the absorption peak associated with the C σ-σ* gap transition. We suggest that the possible mechanism for this coupling can be considered as a magnetic proximity effect in which a ferromagnetic moment in the C medium is induced by Co/C interfaces.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗