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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

MO-H-19A-03: Patient Specific Bolus with 3D Printing Technology for Electron Radiotherapy

Purpose: Bolus is widely used in electron radiotherapy to achieve desired dose distribution. 3D printing technologies provide clinicians with easy access to fabricate patient specific bolus accommodating patient body surface irregularities and tissue inhomogeneity. This study presents the design and the clinical workflow of 3D printed bolus for patient electron therapy in our clinic. Methods: Patient simulation CT images free of bolus were exported from treatment planning system (TPS) to an in-house developed software package. Bolus with known material properties was designed in the software package and then exported back to the TPS as a structure. Dose calculation was carried out to examine the coverage of the target. After satisfying dose distribution was achieved, the bolus structure was transferred in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file format for the 3D printer to generate the machine codes for printing. Upon receiving printed bolus, a quick quality assurance was performed with patient resimulated with bolus in place to verify the bolus dosimetric property before treatment started. Results: A patient specific bolus for electron radiotherapy was designed and fabricated in Form 1 3D printer with methacrylate photopolymer resin. Satisfying dose distribution was achieved in patient with bolus setup. Treatment was successfully finished for one patient with the 3D printed bolus. Conclusion: The electron bolus fabrication with 3D printing technology was successfully implemented in clinic practice.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

WE-F-16A-05: Use of 3D-Printers to Create a Tissue Equivalent 3D-Bolus for External Beam Therapy

Purpose: The purpose of this project is to demonstrate that a non-expensive 3D-printer can be used to manufacture a 3D-bolus for external beam therapy. The printed bolus then can be modeled in our treatment planning system to ensure accurate dose delivery to the patient. Methods: We developed a simple method to manufacture a patient-specific custom 3Dbolus. The bolus is designed using Eclipse Treatment Planning System, contoured onto the patients CT images. The bolus file is exported from Eclipse to 3D-printer software, and then printed using a 3D printer. Various tests were completed to determine the properties of the printing material. Percent depth dose curves in this material were measured with electron and photon beams for comparison to other materials. In order to test the validity of the 3D printed bolus for treatment planning, a custom bolus was printed and tested on the Rando phantom using film for a dose plane comparison. We compared the dose plane measured on the film to the same dose plane exported from our treatment planning system using Film QA software. The gamma-dose distribution tool was used in our film analysis. Results: We compared point measurements throughout the dose plane and were able to achieve greater than 95% passing rate at 3% dose difference and 3 mm distance to agreement, which is our departments acceptable gamma pixel parameters. Conclusion: The printed 3D bolus has proven to be accurately modeled in our treatment planning system, it is more conformal to the patient surface and more durable than other bolus currently used (wax, superflab etc.). It is also more convenient and less costly than comparable bolus from milling machine companies.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

SU-E-T-02: 90Y Microspheres Dosimetry Calculation with Voxel-S-Value Method: A Simple Use in the Clinic

Purpose: To present a simple and feasible method of voxel-S-value (VSV) dosimetry calculation for daily clinical use in radioembolization (RE) with {sup 90}Y microspheres. Dose distributions are obtained and visualized over CT images. Methods: Spatial dose distributions and dose in liver and tumor are calculated for RE patients treated with Sirtex Medical miscrospheres at our center. Data obtained from the previous simulation of treatment were the basis for calculations: Tc-99m maggregated albumin SPECT-CT study in a gammacamera (Infinia, General Electric Healthcare.). Attenuation correction and ordered-subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm were applied.For VSV calculations, both SPECT and CT were exported from the gammacamera workstation and registered with the radiotherapy treatment planning system (Eclipse, Varian Medical systems). Convolution of activity matrix and local dose deposition kernel (S values) was implemented with an in-house developed software based on Python code. The kernel was downloaded from www.medphys.it. Final dose distribution was evaluated with the free software Dicompyler. Results: Liver mean dose is consistent with Partition method calculations (accepted as a good standard). Tumor dose has not been evaluated due to the high dependence on its contouring. Small lesion size, hot spots in health tissue and blurred limits can affect a lot the dose distribution in tumors. Extra work includes: export and import of images and other dicom files, create and calculate a dummy plan of external radiotherapy, convolution calculation and evaluation of the dose distribution with dicompyler. Total time spent is less than 2 hours. Conclusion: VSV calculations do not require any extra appointment or any uncomfortable process for patient. The total process is short enough to carry it out the same day of simulation and to contribute to prescription decisions prior to treatment. Three-dimensional dose knowledge provides much more information than other methods of dose calculation usually applied in the clinic.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

SU-E-T-596: P3DVHStats - a Novel, Automatic, Institution Customizable Program to Compute and Report DVH Quantities On Philips Pinnacle TPS

Purpose: To implement a novel, automatic, institutional customizable DVH quantities evaluation and PDF report tool on Philips Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) Methods: An add-on program (P3DVHStats) is developed by us to enable automatic DVH quantities evaluation (including both volume and dose based quantities, such as V98, V100, D2), and automatic PDF format report generation, for EMR convenience. The implementation is based on a combination of Philips Pinnacle scripting tool and Java language pre-installed on each Pinnacle Sun Solaris workstation. A single Pinnacle script provide user a convenient access to the program when needed. The activated script will first export DVH data for user selected ROIs from current Pinnacle plan trial; a Java program then provides a simple GUI interface, utilizes the data to compute any user requested DVH quantities, compare with preset institutional DVH planning goals; if accepted by users, the program will also generate a PDF report of the results and export it from Pinnacle to EMR import folder via FTP. Results: The program was tested thoroughly and has been released for clinical use at our institution (Pinnacle Enterprise server with both thin clients and P3PC access), for all dosimetry and physics staff, with excellent feedback. It used to take a few minutes to use MS-Excel worksheet to calculate these DVH quantities for IMRT/VMAT plans, and manually save them as PDF report; with the new program, it literally takes a few mouse clicks in less than 30 seconds to complete the same tasks. Conclusion: A Pinnacle scripting and Java language based program is successfully implemented, customized to our institutional needs. It is shown to dramatically reduce time and effort needed for DVH quantities computing and EMR reporting.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2015

SU-E-T-773: Use of a Commercial TPS for Deriving Exit Dose Distribution for Patient Specific QA with An EPID

Purpose: A method to derive exit dose distributions with a commercial treatment planning system for comparison to Epid measured doses. Methods: In contrast to published methods, we present an approach that uses a treatment planning system (Raystation, Raysearch) to calculate exit dose patterns based on a modified patient CT dataset. The EPID is assumed as water equivalent and therefore is represented as water filled ring in the images. This is done by: -Export a renamed copy of the patient CT and plan data set. —Manipulate the CT-data to a field of view of 1000 mm. — Insert the water filled cylinder ring, centered to the target point. — Manipulate plan file with the new target and dose prescription point. — Import and recalculate dose on the manipulated data set. — Export and extract exit field dose matrix from the cylinder (optional entrance dose). — Calibrate matrix to size and rebin data from the cylinder to EPID equivalent data. — Correct Epid measurement for scatter, position and field size. -Evaluate and compare data in Verisoft (PTW). Data manipulation and extraction is done by a simple tool (IDL, Exelis). Results: This method was tested on a Siemens Artiste 6MV for field sizes up to 27×27cm2 limited by used geometry and EPID size. First phantom measurements show good results for fields up to 20×20cm (pass rate > 95% for 3%, 3mm Gamma index) while larger fields have higher discrepancies towards the field edges. This might Result from off axis softening of the beam and the higher sensitivity of the detector to beam scatter. Conclusion: This method might simplify the use of exit dosimetry with the EPID for patient specific QA as it uses the dose calculation of a commercial treatment planning system. The concept was proven by phantom data sets, giving acceptable results.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

TU-AB-201-02: An Automated Treatment Plan Quality Assurance Program for Tandem and Ovoid High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy

Purpose: For tandem and ovoid (T&O) HDR brachytherapy in our clinic, it is required that the planning physicist manually capture ∼10 images during planning, perform a secondary dose calculation and generate a report, combine them into a single PDF document, and upload it to a record- and-verify system to prove to an independent plan checker that the case was planned correctly. Not only does this slow down the already time-consuming clinical workflow, the PDF document also limits the number of parameters that can be checked. To solve these problems, we have developed a web-based automatic quality assurance (QA) program. Methods: We set up a QA server accessible through a web- interface. A T&O plan and CT images are exported as DICOMRT files and uploaded to the server. The software checks 13 geometric features, e.g. if the dwell positions are reasonable, and 10 dosimetric features, e.g. secondary dose calculations via TG43 formalism and D2cc to critical structures. A PDF report is automatically generated with errors and potential issues highlighted. It also contains images showing important geometric and dosimetric aspects to prove the plan was created following standard guidelines. Results: The program has been clinically implemented in our clinic. In each of the 58 T&O plans we tested, a 14- page QA report was automatically generated. It took ∼45 sec to export the plan and CT images and ∼30 sec to perform the QA tests and generate the report. In contrast, our manual QA document preparation tooks on average ∼7 minutes under optimal conditions and up to 20 minutes when mistakes were made during the document assembly. Conclusion: We have tested the efficiency and effectiveness of an automated process for treatment plan QA of HDR T&O cases. This software was shown to improve the workflow compared to our conventional manual approach.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

SU-F-T-94: Plan2pdf - a Software Tool for Automatic Plan Report for Philips Pinnacle TPS

Purpose: To implement an automatic electronic PDF plan reporting tool for Philips Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) Methods: An electronic treatment plan reporting software is developed by us to enable fully automatic PDF report from Pinnacle TPS to external EMR programs such as MOSAIQ. The tool is named “plan2pdf”. plan2pdf is implemented using Pinnacle scripts, Java and UNIX shell scripts, without any external program needed. plan2pdf supports full auto-mode and manual mode reporting. In full auto-mode, with a single mouse click, plan2pdf will generate a detailed Pinnacle plan report in PDF format, which includes customizable cover page, Pinnacle plan summary, orthogonal views through each plan POI and maximum dose point, DRR for each beam, serial transverse views captured throughout the dose grid at a user specified interval, DVH and scorecard windows. The final PDF report is also automatically bookmarked for each section above for convenient plan review. The final PDF report can either be saved on a user specified folder on Pinnacle, or it can be automatically exported to an EMR import folder via a user configured FTP service. In manual capture mode, plan2pdf allows users to capture any Pinnacle plan by full screen, individual window or rectangular ROI drawn on screen. Furthermore, to avoid possible patients’ plan mix-up during auto-mode reporting, a user conflict check feature is included in plan2pdf: it prompts user to wait if another patient is being exported by plan2pdf by another user. Results: plan2pdf is tested extensively and successfully at our institution consists of 5 centers, 15 dosimetrists and 10 physicists, running Pinnacle version 9.10 on Enterprise servers. Conclusion: plan2pdf provides a highly efficient, user friendly and clinical proven platform for all Philips Pinnacle users, to generate a detailed plan report in PDF format for external EMR systems.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Intracytoplasmic Copper Homeostasis Controls Cytochrome c Oxidase Production

Copper is an essential micronutrient used as a metal cofactor by a variety of enzymes, including cytochrome c oxidase (Cox). In all organisms from bacteria to humans, cellular availability and insertion of copper into target proteins are tightly controlled due to its toxicity. The major subunit of Cox contains a copper atom that is required for its catalytic activity. Previously, we identified CcoA (a member of major facilitator superfamily transporters) as a component required for cbb 3 -type Cox production in the Gram-negative, facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus. Here, first we demonstrate that CcoA is a cytoplasmic copper importer. Second, we show that bypass suppressors of a ccoA deletion mutant suppress cbb 3 -Cox deficiency by increasing cellular copper content and sensitivity. Third, we establish that these suppressors are single-base-pair insertion/deletions located in copA, encoding the major P1B-type ATP-dependent copper exporter (CopA) responsible for copper detoxification. A copA deletion alone has no effect on cbb 3 -Cox biogenesis in an otherwise wild-type background, even though it rescues the cbb 3 -Cox defect in the absence of CcoA and renders cells sensitive to copper. We conclude that a hitherto unknown functional interplay between the copper importer CcoA and the copper exporter CopA controls intracellular copper homeostasis required for cbb 3 -Cox production in bacteria like R. capsulatus.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Unintended Laboratory-Driven Evolution Reveals Genetic Requirements for Biofilm Formation by Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough

ABSTRACT Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are of particular interest as members of this group are culprits in corrosion of industrial metal and concrete pipelines as well as being key players in subsurface metal cycling. Yet the mechanism of biofilm formation by these bacteria has not been determined. Here we show that two supposedly identical wild-type cultures of the SRB Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough maintained in different laboratories have diverged in biofilm formation. From genome resequencing and subsequent mutant analyses, we discovered that a single nucleotide change within DVU1017, the ABC transporter of a type I secretion system (T1SS), was sufficient to eliminate biofilm formation in D. vulgaris Hildenborough. Two T1SS cargo proteins were identified as likely biofilm structural proteins, and the presence of at least one (with either being sufficient) was shown to be required for biofilm formation. Antibodies specific to these biofilm structural proteins confirmed that DVU1017, and thus the T1SS, is essential for localization of these adhesion proteins on the cell surface. We propose that DVU1017 is a member of the lapB category of microbial surface proteins because of its phenotypic similarity to the adhesin export system described for biofilm formation in the environmental pseudomonads. These findings have led to the identification of two functions required for biofilm formation in D. vulgaris Hildenborough and focus attention on the importance of monitoring laboratory-driven evolution, as phenotypes as fundamental as biofilm formation can be altered. IMPORTANCE The growth of bacteria attached to a surface (i.e., biofilm), specifically biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria, has a profound impact on the economy of developed nations due to steel and concrete corrosion in industrial pipelines and processing facilities. Furthermore, the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria in oil wells causes oil souring from sulfide production, resulting in product loss, a health hazard to workers, and ultimately abandonment of wells. Identification of the required genes is a critical step for determining the mechanism of biofilm formation by sulfate reducers. Here, the transporter by which putative biofilm structural proteins are exported from sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough cells was discovered, and a single nucleotide change within the gene coding for this transporter was found to be sufficient to completely stop formation of biofilm.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Combining Mutations That Inhibit Two Distinct Steps of the ATP Hydrolysis Cycle Restores Wild-Type Function in the Lipopolysaccharide Transporter and Shows that ATP Binding Triggers Transport

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a large family of proteins present in all domains of life. They are powered by dynamic ATPases that harness energy from binding and hydrolyzing ATP through a cycle that involves the closing and reopening of their two ATP-binding domains. The LptB 2 FGC exporter is an essential ABC transporter that assembles lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria to form a permeability barrier against many antibiotics. LptB 2 FGC extracts newly synthesized LPS molecules from the inner membrane and powers their transport across the periplasm and through the outer membrane. How LptB 2 FGC functions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the C-terminal domain of the dimeric LptB ATPase is essential for LPS transport in Escherichia coli. Specific changes in the C-terminal domain of LptB cause LPS transport defects that can be repaired by intragenic suppressors altering the ATP-binding domains. Surprisingly, we found that each of two lethal changes in the ATP-binding and C-terminal domains of LptB, when present in combined form, suppressed the defects associated with the other to restore LPS transport to wild-type levels both in vivo and in vitro. We present biochemical evidence explaining the effect that each of these mutations has on LptB function and how the observed cosuppression results from the opposing lethal effects these changes have on the dimerization state of the LptB ATPase. We therefore propose that these sites modulate the closing and reopening of the LptB dimer, providing insight into how the LptB2FGC transporter cycles to export LPS to the cell surface and how to inhibit this essential envelope biogenesis process.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Small-angle X-Ray analysis of macromolecular structure: the structure of protein NS2 (NEP) in solution

A complex structural analysis of nuclear export protein NS2 (NEP) of influenza virus A has been performed using bioinformatics predictive methods and small-angle X-ray scattering data. The behavior of NEP molecules in a solution (their aggregation, oligomerization, and dissociation, depending on the buffer composition) has been investigated. It was shown that stable associates are formed even in a conventional aqueous salt solution at physiological рН value. For the first time we have managed to get NEP dimers in solution, to analyze their structure, and to compare the models obtained using the method of the molecular tectonics with the spatial protein structure predicted by us using the bioinformatics methods. The results of the study provide a new insight into the structural features of nuclear export protein NS2 (NEP) of the influenza virus A, which is very important for viral infection development.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

On the role of fusion neutron source with thorium blanket in forming the nuclide composition of the nuclear fuel cycle of the Russian Federation

The possible role of available thorium resources of the Russian Federation in utilization of thorium in the closed (U–Pu)-fuel cycle of nuclear power is considered. The efficiency of application of fusion neutron sources with thorium blanket for economical use of available thorium resources is demonstrated. The objective of this study is the search for a solution of such major tasks of nuclear power as reduction of the amount of front-end operations in the nuclear fuel cycle and enhancement of its protection against uncontrolled proliferation of fissile materials with the smallest possible alterations in the fuel cycle. The earlier results are analyzed, new information on the amount of thorium resources of the Russian Federation is used, and additional estimates are made. The following basic results obtained on the basis of the assumption of involving fusion reactors with Th-blanket in future nuclear power for generation of the light uranium fraction {sup 232+233+234}U and {sup 231}Pa are formulated. (1) The fuel cycle would shift from fissile {sup 235}U to {sup 233}U, which is more attractive for thermal power reactors. (2) The light uranium fraction is the most “protected” in the uranium fuel component, and being mixed with regenerated uranium, it would become reduced-enrichment uranium fuel, which would relieve the problem of nonproliferation of the fissile material. (3) The addition of {sup 231}Pa into the fuel would stabilize its neutron-multiplying properties, thus making it possible to implement a long fuel residence time and, as a consequence, increase the export potential of the whole nuclear power technology. (4) The available thorium resource in the vicinity of Krasnoufimsk is sufficient for operation of the large-scale nuclear power industry of the Russian Federation with an electric power of 70 GW for more than one quarter of a century. The general conclusion is that involvement of a small number of fusion reactors with Th-blanket in the future nuclear power industry of the Russian Federation would to a large extent solve its problems and increase its export potential.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

eCounter: Inline Per-IP Network Monitoring at Millisecond Resolution via eBPF

Scientific data acquisition (SciDAQ) systems are shifting from archive-based workflows to streaming paradigms, where real-time, fine-grained network monitoring becomes essential. While P4-enabled devices offer per-packet in-band observability, they require specialized switches and routers. Host-side tools like Prometheus exporters lack sufficient temporal granularity. To bridge this gap, we present eCounter, a lightweight, hardware-agnostic, inline telemetry agent built on extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF). eCounter captures per-interface ingress and egress traffic, categorized by IP address and protocol, at millisecond to sub-millisecond resolution. In a 100 Gbps environment, it continuously exports up to 3,257 time-series bins per second with only 4% CPU utilization at a 35¿KiB/s data rate. We evaluate eCounter across diverse NIC MTU settings, hook types, CPU architectures and operating systems, and observed negligible impact on concurrent high-throughput streaming applications. Complexity analysis confirms that it can be readily scaled to distributed SciDAQ deployments.

Mei, Xinxin [Computational Sciences and Technology↗
DOE OSTI2020

OSTI Semantic Thesaurus v1

The OSTI Semantic Thesaurus is a reference for scientific and technical terms and relationships. The term data is used to implement keyword-to-concept mapping in OSTI.GOV searches, where searched term(s) will be mapped to related scientific concepts, allowing the end user to retrieve results related to their search terms and also explore narrower and similar concepts. The OSTI Semantic Thesaurus originally inherited data and structure from the INIS/ETDE Thesaurus (https://www.etde.org/edb/IAEA-INIS-ETDE-01-2013-08.pdf), which was a controlled terminology for indexing information within the subject scopes of the International Nuclear Information System (INIS) and the Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE). The data has been expanded upon since that time with the inclusion of scientific concepts from sources like Wikidata, and through manual curation. This dataset is an export from the OSTI Semantic Thesaurus in RDF/SKOS format, which is specifically suited for representation of controlled vocabularies like thesauri. While the full thesaurus includes additional relation types which may be included in future revisions, this export is limited to broader, narrower, and related term relations. Definitions and scope notes are included where available.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2017

SimulatorToFMU v0.1

SimulatorToFMU is a software package written in Python which allows users to export a memoryless Python-driven simulation program or script as a Functional Mock-up Unit (FMU) for model exchange or co-simulation.In CyDER (Cyber Physical Co-simulation Platform for Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Grids), SimulatorToFMU will allow exporting OPAL-RT as an FMU. This will enable OPAL-RT to be linked to CYMDIST and GridDyn FMUs through a standardized open source interface.

Nouidui, Thierry↗
DOE OSTI2017

Floorspace.js

Floorspace.js is a 2D geometry editor. Users can define an explicit floor plan for each story of a building. A story-by-story interface makes it easy to develop space geometry and assign properties. Referencing satellite imagery or floor plan images, when available, speeds up geometry entry. Conversion of 2D to 3D geometry is currently out of scope for Floorspace.js, a reference implementation is available in the OpenStudio® SDK. Explicit floor plans allow more building-specific information than parameterized shoe-boxes but less information than a full 3D BIM model. Sloped walls, complex roofs, detailed shading structures, and other complex 3D structures are out of FloorspaceJS's scope. In general, if users have a 3D BIM model in a tool that can export a useful BEM representation then it is better to use that export than to recreate a new model using FloorspaceJS. Re-usability and minimal dependencies were key design considerations for software developers. Web technologies can be used in both online and desktop applications. The editor was written in pure JavaScript for maximum portability and re-usability. A custom JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) file format was developed to ease integration with other applications. Custom JSON schema design was a key part of FloorspaceJS development.

Noland, Katie↗
DOE OSTI2016

T.Rex

T.Rex is used to explore tabular data sets containing up to ten million records to help rapidly understand a previously unknown data set. Analysis can quickly identify patterns of interest and the records and fields that capture those patterns. T.Rex contains a growing set of deep analytical tools and supports robust export capabilities that selected data can be incorporated into to other specialized tools for further analysis. T.Rex is flexible in ingesting different types and formats of data, allowing the user to interactively experiment and perform trial and error guesses on the structure of the data; and also has a variety of linked visual analytic tools that enable exploration of the data to find relevant content, relationships among content, trends within the content, and capture knowledge about the content. Finally, T.Rex has a rich export capability, to extract relevant subsets of a larger data source, to further analyze their data in other analytic tools.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2023

ctrl-flow v0.0.1

ctrl-flow is a software that assists users in selecting a building control sequence from a library of control sequences that are implemented in the Modelica Buildings Library. The software allows selecting, configuring and editing the control sequences. It also allows exporting the sequence for use in building project design documents in Modelica-based simulations. The export will be in a json intermediate format, in the Modelica Language, in the Control Description Language and in English language format, such as in a Word document. The software functions as a web based application that includes a graphical user interface.

Wetter, Michael↗