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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Epitaxial Multifunctional Oxide Heterostructures (DOE Final Technical Report)

The conducting interface that forms between the two band insulators LaAlO 3 (LAO) and SrTiO 3 (STO) continues to attract tremendous attention nearly 15 years after its discovery. Until recently, most of the work on this system has been done in samples grown in the (001) crystal orientation. More recently, interest has focused on samples grown in the (110) and (111) crystal orientations. While the underlying cubic crystal structure is the same, the lattice symmetry at the interface in each case is different, raising the possibility of different properties. In particular, the symmetry of the Ti atoms at the (111) interface is hexagonal, similar to graphene, leading to predictions of topological properties of the band structure. The major part of this proposal is devoted to exploring the properties of (111) LAO/STO interfaces and (111) (La 0.3 Sr 0.7 )(Al 0.65 Ta 0.35 )/STO (LSAT/STO) interfaces, where we have recently discovered interesting new effects.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Molecular Ionic Composites: A New Class of Polymer Electrolytes to Enable All-Solid-State and High-Voltage Lithium Batteries (Final Project Report for DOE EERE VTO grant EE0008860)

Based on a newly discovered class of solid PE materials, that is, molecular ionic composites (MICs), the major goal of this project is to develop solid-state lithium conductors targeted for use in transportation applications. MICs form a mechanically stiff, electrochemically stable, and thermally stable matrix. Specific objectives include the following: (1) development of robust MIC electrolyte thin films (~ 20 µm) to serve as simultaneous nonflammable separators and dendrite-blocking Li + conductors, (2) electrochemical quantification of key performance metrics including electrolyte stability, interfacial reactions, and suitability/compatibility with a range of electrode materials, and (3) comprehensive investigation of ion transport mechanisms and electrode-electrolyte interfacial reactivity under practical operating conditions using NMR and synchrotron X-ray analyses.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Annual report for DOE VTO

Carbon fiber (CF)/polymer composites are a transformative class of high-performance, lightweight material, where high aspect-ratio CFs reinforce a polymer matrix and exceed the strength of steel alloys at a fraction of the density. Despite the advantages of such a class of material, the broader implementation of CF composites in a range of automotive, aerospace, and energy applications is hindered by limitations of current manufacturing methods. These current techniques (e.g., hand lay-up, wet filament winding) are costly and impose severe limitations on fiber placement, orientation, and angle, and thus a composite’s ultimate properties. Today’s CF composites are expensive to manufacture, limited in form factor, and utilize costly and sub-optimal continuous filament CF. Advanced additive manufacturing (AM) processes, combined with computational design optimization and new approaches to resin development, offer alternative design and manufacturing paradigms that have the realistic potential to lift these constraints. Such integrated AM approaches could thus help to realize the full potential of CF composite materials. One relevant application of CF composite materials where manufacturing constraints limit the cost-benefit ratio is in the manufacture of high-performance composite pressure vessels for onboard compressed natural gas (CNG) storage. Current CNG storage vessels (Types 3–5) are made from load-bearing filament-wound carbon-fiber composite and are ~3.5 times as expensive as an all-metallic Type-1 vessel. This cost is invariably tied to the complex and labor-intensive nature of conventional filament winding processes and the large volumes of expensive high tensile-strength CF tow feedstock required in manufacture. Our proposed approach to CNG storage vessel manufacture is based on a combination of AM technologies for CF composite printing and design optimization tools that were pioneered at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), with advances in resin/composite formulation enabled by chemical and nano-material modification. Through the successful development of this technology, LLNL seeks to demonstrate the capability for advanced CNG storage vessel manufacture at reduced cost with no reduction in performance versus the most advanced, extant Type-5 designs.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Characterizing the Variation and Covariation of Cloud Microphysical Properties and Implications for Simulation of Subgrid-scale Warm-Rain Processes in Earth System Models (Final DOE-ASR Report)

Warm marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds constitute an important component in the global climate system, and precipitation plays a central role in controlling the water budget, radiative effects, and lifetime of these MBL clouds. Unfortunately, because of the relatively coarse effective grid resolution of the current generation of Earth system models (ESMs), the variety of cloud microphysical processes occurring inside an ESM grid cell are often oversimplified or unconstrained by observations. For example, the warm rain processes (e.g., autoconversion and accretion) are usually parameterized as nonlinear functions of grid-mean cloud properties. Because of the nonlinear nature of these functions, neglecting variability within the ESM grid volume can lead to substantial biases in precipitation production, cloud cover, and surface radiative fluxes. In state-of-the art ESMs, the influence of subgrid-scale variability is represented as an enhancement factor (EF) coefficient to the autoconversion, and accretion rates calculated from the model variables. However, EF is typically taken to be a constant or even used as a knob to tune model cloud properties to match observations, an ad hoc approach that may yield a desired cloud outcome yet introduce compensating errors. In this project, we used the combination of in situ cloud microphysics measurements from the ACE-ENA field campaign and large-eddy simulations (LES) to characterize and understand subgrid-scale variations and co-variations of cloud microphysical properties and use the results to evaluate and improve the representation of subgrid warm-rain processes in ESMs, in particular the EF used to tune the autoconversion and accretion processes. In this final report, we summarize our research activities and main findings in Section 2, provide a list of publications (Section 3) and presentations (Section 4) resulted from our research, and briefly discuss the student activities supported by this project.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

NMPWG Discussion on - Tracking Initial SAVY-4000 Population and Lifetime Extensions Across the DOE Complex [Slides]

As part of LANL's SAVY-4000 Lifetime Extension efforts, the question of "when does a SAVY's life start?" was posed. The unfortunate answer that can be agreed upon is to start the life based on the serial number which includes month and date of manufacture. For example - 012405025 was a 5QT container produced in January of 2024. This is not the most efficient way to track age of a container if extended lifetimes and usage are desired. Other possibilities include: Tracking on first-use date (date it was loaded); Tracking when it was sold from the warehouse to an operating group for use; Tracing the amount of time nuclear material is within the container (LANMAS transaction histories).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Boundary, SOL, and Divertor Physics Studies on TCV (Final Report for Research Funded by DoE Award DE-SC0020327)

Research supported under this grant was organized around two diagnostic systems installed on the TCV tokamak located at EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland: Multi-Spectral Imaging (MSI) and Gas-Puff Imaging (GPI). MSI monitors 2-d time-history images of up to 10 spectral lines, in the visible, using identical views for all wavelengths. The primary application of MSI is to infer 2-d time histories of electron temperature and density in the Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL) of diverted plasmas, utilizing ratios of emission from multiple neutral helium lines. The atomic models are validated against 1-d Thomson scattering measurements. SOL density and temperature maps are analyzed to infer divertor dynamics, including particle and power flows, for a variety of divertor configurations, and specifically as flux expansion along the long-legged outboard divertor is systematically varied. GPI is used to measure details of edge fluctuations in the SOL, particularly as a function of plasma triangularity (δ), including both positive and negative δ. A threshold is found, whereby for δ<-0.3, edge turbulence in the far SOL is completely suppressed. Dynamics of the filamentary turbulence was also analyzed using advance machine learning techniques. Research in support of four PhD theses was carried out within the scope of this Award, including 2 at MIT and 2 at EPFL.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Molecular Heterogeneous Multiferroics (DOE BES Final Technical Report)

This project aims to explore a new class of molecular heterogeneous multiferroics towards room temperature stimuli-responsive magnetoelectricity by untangling the complex interplay between molecular magnetism and molecular ferroelectricity, and their stimuli-responsiveness. The research hypothesis is to examine if the rational design and molecular engineering of hydrogen bonded molecular heterogeneous multiferroics will enable rapid proton-transfer between molecular ferroelectric and magnetic building blocks to control its magnetism and intramolecular spin and dipole interactions, a promising pathway toward a new mechanism of room temperature ME coupling effect in molecular materials. With arbitrary choice and precise organization of molecular building blocks underlying tunable spin and dipole interactions, driven by external stimuli (electrical, magnetic and optical), a variety of multifunctional molecular multiferroics will be created and characterized, which could provide the understanding for the design of next-generation stimuli-responsive molecular magnetoelectronics.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing coherence in nanoscale energy transport with high spatial-temporal resolution. Final Technical Report for DOE Award Number DE-SC0019244

The overarching goal of this project is to understand how the phase coherence of phonons and the interaction of phonons with other microscopic degrees of freedom in nanomaterials, such as 2D materials, can affect the energy transport properties and eventually lead to control of energy transport by manipulating phonon interference and phonon scatterings. On the computational side, we are developing and applying first-principles methods to study emerging phonon properties in nanomaterials, including coherent phonons, resonant bonding and gate-tunable phonon-electron scatterings, which hold the promise of enabling significant tunability of energy transport processes with external fields for a wide range of applications. On the experimental side, we are developing ultrafast transient grating spectroscopy and scanning ultrafast electron microscopy (SUEM) to directly probe the coherent phonon transport and phonon-electron interaction processes in nanomaterials with high combined spatial-temporal resolutions. This program will not only provide new insights into the microscopic transport and interaction processes of fundamental energy carriers, but also open new venue towards energy-relevant applications such as thermal switches and coherent energy harvesters.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Roll-to-Roll Advanced Materials Manufacturing DOE Laboratory Collaboration - Early Stage R&D: Phase 2 and FY21 (Final Report)

R2R processing is used to manufacture a wide range of products for various applications which span many industrial business sectors. The overall R2R methodology has been in use for decades and this continuous technique traditionally involves deposition of material(s) onto substrates or membranes that are on moving webs, carriers or other continuous belt-fed or conveyor-based processes that enable successive steps to build a final product. Established methods that typify R2R processing include tape casting, silk-screen printing, reel-to-reel vacuum deposition/coating, and R2R lithography. Products supported by R2R manufacturing include micro-electronics, electro-chromic window films, PVs, fuel cells for energy conversion, battery electrodes and electrolytes for energy storage, and barrier and membrane materials for decarbonization and air and water filtration. Due to innovation in materials and process equipment, high-quality yet very low-cost multilayer technologies have the potential to be manufactured on a very cost-competitive basis. To move energy-related products from high-cost niche applications to the commercial sector, the means must be available to enable manufacture of these products in a cost-competitive manner. Fortunately, products such as fuel cells, thin- and mid-film PVs, batteries, electrochromic and piezoelectric films, water separation membranes, and other energy saving technologies readily lend themselves to manufacture using R2R approaches. However, more early-stage research is needed to solve the challenge of linking the materials (particles, polymers, solvents, additives) used in ink and slurry formulations and the coating and heated drying processes to the ultimate performance of the final R2R product, especially for a process that uses multiple layers of deposition to achieve the end product.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗