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DOE OSTI2010

High Mass Higgs Boson Searches at the Tevatron

We present results from CDF and D0 on direct searches for high mass standard model (SM) Higgs boson (H) in ppbar collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron at \sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. Compared to previous Higgs boson Tevatron combinations, more data and new channels (H -> W+W- -> lnujj, H -> WW -> l+tau + X and trilepton final states) have been added. Most previously used channels have been reanalyzed to gain sensitivity. Analyzing 5.9 fb^-1 of data at CDF, and 5.4-6.7 fb^-1 at D0, the combination excludes with 95% C.L. a standard model Higgs boson in the mass range of m_H = 158-175 GeV/c2.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2012

On-line maintenance methodology development and its applications

With the increasing economic pressures being faced and the potential for shortening outage times under the conditions of deregulated electricity markets in the world, licensees are motivated to get an increasing amount of the on-line maintenance (OLM). The benefits of the OLM includes increased system and plant reliability, reduction of plant equipment and system material condition deficiencies that could adversely impact operations, and reduction of work scope during plant refueling outages. In Korea, allowance guidelines of risk assessment is specified in the safety regulation guidelines 16.7 and 16.8 of the Korea Inst. of Nuclear Safety (KINS), which is 'General guidelines of Risk-informed application for requesting permission of changes' and 'Requesting permission of changes of Risk-informed application for Technical Specification'. We select the emergency diesel generator (EDG) of the Ulchin unit 3 and 4 for risk assessment analysis by applying configuration changes. The EDG which has plant safety level IE belongs to on-site standby power (A, B train EDG) in electric distribution system. The EDG is important component because it should maintain standby status during plant is operating, therefore we select the EDG for target component of risk assessment analysis. The risk assessment is limited to CDF. The risk assessment is performed by using AIMS-PSA Release2. We evaluate CDF by applying the configuration changes with some assumptions. Evaluation of the full power operation and Low power/Shut down operation was performed. This study has been performed for introducing a methodology and performing risk assessment. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2010

Low Mass Standard Model Higgs Limit at the Tevatron

The searches for the Standard Model (SM) Higgs Boson at the Fermilab Tevatron by the CDF and D0 experiments are presented. Their state of the art techniques, including maximizing Higgs signal acceptance, reducing background through b-jet ID, and with Multi-Variate discrimination between signal and background, are elucidated. The two experiments are able to achieve a sensitivity of three to five times SM cross section ({sigma}{sub SM}) at the benchmark mass point of m{sub H} = 115 GeV/c{sup 2} using the main search channels WH {yields} lvbb, ZH {yields} vvbb, and ZH {yields} llbb, and on combining all the channels from CDF and D0, the observed (expected) limit is 1.56 (1.45) x {sigma}{sub SM}. The present expected limit is 1.8 x {sigma}{sub SM} or below for the entire low mass range, and sensitivity projections at present anticipate in Tevatron Run II a 3{sigma} sensitivity achievement for m{sub H} = 115 GeV/c{sup 2}.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2016

Measurement of Vector Boson Plus $D^{*}(2010)^+$ Meson Production in $\bar{p}p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\, {\rm TeV}$

Our study of vector boson (V ) production in conjunction with a D*(2010) + meson is presented. Using a data sample correponding to 9.7 fb -1 p of proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy √s = 1:96 TeV produced by the Fermilab Tevatron, we reconstruct V +D *+ samples with the CDF II detector. The D *+ is fully reconstructed in the D*(2010) + → D 0 (→ K - π + )π + decay mode. This technique is sensitive to the associated production of vector boson plus charm or bottom mesons. We measure the ratio of production cross sections σ(W +D * )/ σ(W) = [1.75±0.13(stat)±0:09(syst)]% and σ(Z +D * )/ σ(Z) = [1:5±0:4(stat)_0:2(syst)]%. Event properties are utilized to determine the fraction of V +D * (2010) + events originating from different production processes. Our results are in agreement with the predictions obtained with the pythia program, limiting possible contribution from non-standard-model physics processes.

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DOE OSTI2015

Review of physics results from the Tevatron: Heavy flavor physics

In this study, we present a review of heavy flavor physics results from the CDF and DØ Collaborations operating at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. A summary of results from Run 1 is included, but we concentrate on legacy results of charm and b physics from Run 2, including results up to Summer 2014.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2015

Review of Physics Results from the Tevatron: Higgs Boson Physics

We review the techniques and results of the searches for the Higgs boson performed by the two Tevatron collaborations, CDF and DØ. The Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model was sought in the mass range 90 GeV < m H < 200 GeV in all main production modes at the Tevatron: gluon–gluon fusion, WH and ZH associated production, vector boson fusion, and tt - H production, and in five main decay modes: H→ bb - , H→τ + τ - , H→WW (*) , H→ZZ (*) and H→γγ. An excess of events was seen in the H→ bb - searches consistent with a Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass in the range 115 GeV < m H < 135 GeV. We assume a Higgs boson mass of m H = 125 GeV, studies of Higgs boson properties were performed, including measurements of the product of the cross section times the branching ratio in various production and decay modes, constraints on Higgs boson couplings to fermions and vector bosons, and tests of spin and parity. We also summarize the results of searches for supersymmetric Higgs bosons, and Higgs bosons in other extensions of the Standard Model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2013

High Energy Physics at the University of Illinois

This is the final report for DOE award DE-FG02-91ER40677 (“High Energy Physics at the University of Illinois”), covering the award period November 1, 2009 through April 30, 2013. During this period, our research involved particle physics at Fermilab and CERN, particle physics related cosmology at Fermilab and SLAC, and theoretical particle physics. Here is a list of the activities described in the final report: 1. The CDF Collaboration at the Fermilab Tevatron; 2. Search For Lepton Flavor Violation in the Mu2e Experiment At Fermilab; 3. The ATLAS Collaboration at the CERN Large Hadron Collider; 4) the Study of Dark Matter and Dark Energy: DES and LSST; 5. Lattice QCD; 6. String Theory and Field Theory; and 7. Collider Phenomenology.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

NASA NTRS2022

Local Scale (3-M) Soil Moisture Mapping Using SMAP and Planet Superdove

A capability for mapping meter-level resolution soil moisture with frequent temporal sampling over large regions is essential for quantifying local-scale environmental heterogeneity and eco-hydrologic behavior. However, available surface soil moisture (SSM) products generally involve much coarser grain sizes ranging from 30 m to several 10s of kilometers. Hence a new method is proposed to estimate 3-m resolution SSM using a combination of multi-sensor fusion, machine- learning (ML) and Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) matching approaches. This method established favorable SSM correspondence between 3-m pixels and overlying 9-km grid cells from overlapping Planet SuperDove (PSD) observations and NASA Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) mission products. The resulting 3-m SSM predictions showed improved accuracy by reducing ab- solute bias and RMSE by ~0.01 cm3/cm3 over the original SMAP data in relation to in-situ soil moisture measurements for the Australian Yanco region, while preserving the high sampling frequency (1-3 day global revisit) and sensitivity to surface wetness (R 0.865) from SMAP. Heterogeneous soil moisture distributions varying with vegetation biomass gradients and irrigation regimes were generally captured within a selected study area. Further algorithm refinement and implementation for regional applications will allow for improvement in water resources management, precision agriculture, and disaster forecasts and responses.

soil moisture↗

DOE OSTI2023

Understand the Costs of an Energy or Water Outage with the Customer Damage Function Calculator

The Customer Damage Function (CDF) Calculator is a free, publicly available web tool that helps users estimate the costs incurred at their site due to an electric grid or water service outage. Developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) with support from the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), the tool is designed to help federal facility owners, building energy managers, and resilience planners understand and quantify the value of resilience to justify investments that would prevent or lessen the impact of a disruption.

CDF Calculator↗

DOE OSTI2012

Chiral U(1) flavor models and flavored Higgs doublets: the top FB asymmetry and the W jj

We present U(1) flavor models for leptophobic Z' with flavor dependent couplings to the right-handed up-type quarks in the Standard Model (SM), which can accommodate the recent data on the top forward-backward (FB) asymmetry and the dijet resonance associated with a W boson reported by CDF Collaboration. Such flavor-dependent leptophobic charge assignments generally require extra chiral fermions for anomaly cancellation. Also the chiral nature of U(1)' flavor symmetry calls for new U(1)'-charged Higgs doublets in order for the SM fermions to have realistic renormalizable Yukawa couplings. The stringent constraints from the top FB asymmetry at the Tevatron and the same sign top pair production at the LHC can be evaded due to contributions of the extra Higgs doublets. We also show that the extension could realize cold dark matter candidates.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2011

The Forward-Backward Top Asymmetry in a Singlet Extension of The MSSM

The CDF and D0 collaborations have recently reported a large forward-backward asymmetry in the ttbar system which deviates from the next to-leading order QCD standard model prediction. We study the asymmetry in the ttbar system within the framework of singlet extensions of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. For this purpose, we introduce non-renormalizable couplings between first and third generation of quarks to scalars. We analyze two limiting cases of the model, characterized by the size of the supersymmetric mass for the singlet superfield. We study both the small and large limits of this mass parameter. We find that in the region of small singlet supersymmetric mass we can obtain a large asymmetry while being consistent with limits on the ttbar production cross section. These results are also consistent with constraints arising from flavor physics, quark masses and top quark decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Anomalies in global SMEFT analyses. A case study of first-row CKM unitarity

Recent developments in the Standard Model analysis of semileptonic charged-current processes involving light quarks have revealed ~ 3σ tensions in Cabibbo universality tests involving meson, neutron, and nuclear beta decays. In this paper, we explore beyond the Standard Model explanations of this so-called Cabibbo Angle Anomaly in the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), including not only low-energy charged current processes (‘L’), but also electroweak precision observables (‘EW’) and Drell-Yan collider processes (‘C’) that probe the same underlying physics across a broad range of energy scales. The resulting ‘CLEW’ framework not only allows one to test explanations of the Cabibbo Angle Anomaly, but is set up to provide near model-independent analyses with minimal assumptions on the flavor structure of the SMEFT operators. Besides the global analysis, we consider a large number of simpler scenarios, each with a subset of SMEFT operators, and investigate how much they improve upon the Standard Model fit. We find that the most favored scenarios, as judged by the Akaike Information Criterion, are those that involve right-handed charged currents. Additional interactions, namely oblique operators, terms modifying the Fermi constant, and operators involving right-handed neutral currents, play a role if the CDF determination of the W mass is included in the analysis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2011

Model-Independent Constraints on New Physics in $b \to s$ Transitions

We provide a comprehensive model-independent analysis of rare decays involving the b --> s transition to put constraints on dimension-six Delta(F)=1 effective operators. The constraints are derived from all the available up-to-date experimental data from the B-factories, CDF and LHCb. The implications and future prospects for observables in b --> s l+l- and b --> s nu nu transitions in view of improved measurements are also investigated. The present work updates and generalises previous studies providing, at the same time, a useful tool to test the flavour structure of any theory beyond the SM.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2022

On the implications of positive W mass shift

We investigate the phenomenological implications of the recent W mass measurement by the CDF collaboration, which exhibits tension with the standard model (SM) electroweak fit. Performing the fit to the electroweak observables within the SM effective field theory, we find that the new physics that contributes either to the determination of the electroweak vacuum expectation value, or to the oblique parameters, can improve the agreement with data. The best description is obtained from a fit where flavor universality is not required in the new physics operators, with 2 to 3 σ indications for several nonzero Wilson coefficients. We point out that top partners with order TeV masses could lead to the observed shift in the W mass.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2011

Heavy octets and Tevatron signals with three or four b jets

Hypothetical color-octet particles of spin 0, pair-produced at hadron colliders through their QCD coupling, may lead to final states involving three or four b jets. We analyze kinematic distributions of the 3b final state that differentiate the scalar octets from supersymmetric Higgs bosons. Studying the scalar sector that breaks an SU(3) x SU(3) gauge symmetry down to the QCD gauge group, we find that the scalar octet is resonantly produced in pairs via a spin-1 octet (coloron). A scalar octet of mass in the 140-150 GeV range can explain the nonstandard shape of the b-jet transverse energy distributions reported by the CDF Collaboration, especially when the coloron mass is slightly above twice the scalar mass. The dominant decay mode of the scalar octet is into a pair of gluons, so that the production of a pair of dijet resonances is large in this model, of about 40 pb at the Tevatron. Even when a W boson is radiated from the initial state, the inclusive cross section for producing a dijet resonance near the scalar octet mass remains sizable, around 0.15 pb.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Measurement of the underlying event activity in inclusive Z boson production in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV

This paper presents a measurement of the underlying event activity in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, performed using inclusive Z boson production events collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb$^{−1}$. The underlying event activity is quantified in terms of the charged particle multiplicity, as well as of the scalar sum of the charged particles’ transverse momenta in different topological regions defined with respect to the Z boson direction. The distributions are unfolded to the stable particle level and compared with predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators, as well as with similar CDF and CMS measurements at center-of-mass energies of 1.96 and 7 TeV respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Reducing systematic bias in machine learning applications to J/ψ signal extraction in high-energy nuclear physics

Machine learning techniques are increasingly used in high-energy nuclear physics because they can exploit multivariate correlations more efficiently than conventional cut-based analyses. A central challenge is the construction of training samples that faithfully reproduce the detector response observed in data. Signal samples are usually derived from detector simulations; therefore, mismatches between simulation and data can degrade classifier performance and introduce systematic biases. This work presents two practical correction procedures, namely cumulative distribution function (CDF) mapping and a shift-and-scale transformation, to align simulated signal features with those measured in data. Their performance is demonstrated with $J$/$\psi$ yield measurements in $\sqrt{s_{nn}}$ = 200 GeV Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions recorded by STAR. A set of self-consistency tests shows that these procedures substantially suppress the systematic bias associated with data-simulation discrepancies in machine-learning-based signal extraction.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2011

Heavy-Baryon Spectroscopy from Lattice QCD

We use a four-dimensional lattice calculation of the full-QCD (quantum chromodynamics, the non-abliean gauge theory of the strong interactions of quarks and gluons) path integrals needed to determine the masses of the charmed and bottom baryons. In the charm sector, our results are in good agreement with experiment within our systematics, except for the spin-1/2 $\Xi_{cc}$, for which we found the isospin-averaged mass to be $\Xi_{cc}$ to be $3665\pm17\pm14^{+0}_{-78}$ MeV. We predict the mass of the (isospin-averaged) spin-1/2 $\Omega_{cc}$ to be $3763\pm19\pm26^{+13}_{-79}$ {MeV}. In the bottom sector, our results are also in agreement with experimental observations and other lattice calculations within our statistical and systematic errors. In particular, we find the mass of the $\Omega_b$ to be consistent with the recent CDF measurement. We also predict the mass for the as yet unobserved $\Xi^\prime_b$ to be 5955(27) MeV.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗