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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ag3IrO4 by Materials Project

IrAg3O4 is Orthorhombic Perovskite-like structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_122 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ir5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing IrO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ir–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.01 Å. There are three inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.44 Å) and two longer (2.45 Å) Ag–O bond lengths. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Ag–O bond lengths are 2.18 Å. In the third Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.80 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ir5+ and four Ag1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ir5+ and two equivalent Ag1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AgMo6Cl13 by Materials Project

Mo6AgCl13 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Mo2+ sites. In the first Mo2+ site, Mo2+ is bonded to five Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing MoCl5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Mo–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.50 Å. In the second Mo2+ site, Mo2+ is bonded to five Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing MoCl5 square pyramids. There are one shorter (2.46 Å) and four longer (2.49 Å) Mo–Cl bond lengths. In the third Mo2+ site, Mo2+ is bonded to five Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing MoCl5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Mo–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.50 Å. In the fourth Mo2+ site, Mo2+ is bonded to five Cl1- atoms to form edge-sharing MoCl5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Mo–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.49 Å. In the fifth Mo2+ site, Mo2+ is bonded to five Cl1- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MoCl5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Mo–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.58 Å. In the sixth Mo2+ site, Mo2+ is bonded to five Cl1- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MoCl5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Mo–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.60 Å. Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.74 Å. There are thirteen inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Mo2+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Mo2+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Mo2+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Mo2+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Mo2+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Mo2+ atoms. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Mo2+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the eighth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Mo2+ atoms. In the ninth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Mo2+ atoms. In the tenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Mo2+ atoms. In the eleventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three Mo2+ atoms. In the twelfth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Mo2+ atoms. In the thirteenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Mo2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on UAg2(WO5)2 by Materials Project

UAg2(WO5)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. U6+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted UO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with two WO6 octahedra, edges with two WO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.51 Å. There are two inequivalent W6+ sites. In the first W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted WO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent WO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one UO7 pentagonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one WO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one UO7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–36°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–2.26 Å. In the second W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted WO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent WO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one UO7 pentagonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one WO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one UO7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–36°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–2.24 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.96 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.78 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to two W6+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one W6+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one U6+ and two W6+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one W6+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one U6+ and three Ag1+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two W6+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one U6+ and three Ag1+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent U6+ and one W6+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two W6+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent U6+, one W6+, and one Ag1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AgAu(IO3)4 by Materials Project

AuAg(O3I)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Au3+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.02 Å) and three longer (2.03 Å) Au–O bond lengths. Ag1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.87 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Au3+, one Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.93 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Au3+, one Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.92 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Au3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.93 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Au3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.93 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.89 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and two I5+ atoms. There are one shorter (1.84 Å) and one longer (2.61 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two I5+ atoms. There are one shorter (1.82 Å) and one longer (2.56 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two I5+ atoms. There are one shorter (1.83 Å) and one longer (2.55 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two I5+ atoms. There are one shorter (1.84 Å) and one longer (2.51 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.80 Å. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.81 Å. There are four inequivalent I5+ sites. In the first I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. In the second I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. In the third I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the fourth I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

CO2 upgrading into bioproducts using a two-step abiotic–biotic system

The valorization of CO2 to chemicals beyond C1-2 products is receiving significant interest; however, the direct electrosynthesis of Cn molecules (n > 4) remains a challenge. Here, we present a two-step abiotic-biotic system for upgrading CO2 into the biopolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). In the electrolysis system, CO2 is converted into C2 oxygenates using a Cu-Ag tandem electrocatalyst. The electrolysis process generates a liquid stream containing ~ 200 mM acetate in a bio-compatible electrolyte. This electrosynthesized acetate is then fed to a bioreactor, where the substrate is upgraded by Cupriavidus necator to biopolymer with a maximum rate of 32 ± 3.5 mg L-1 h-1. We further demonstrate the purification of the resulting biopolymer into a powder. The high productivity of the abiotic-biotic system demonstrates its feasibility for sustainable chemical manufacturing.

CO2 upgrading↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ag2Se by Materials Project

Ag2Se crystallizes in the orthorhombic P222_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four Ag1+ and three equivalent Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Ag bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.90 Å. There are a spread of Ag–Se bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.92 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four Ag1+ and six equivalent Se2- atoms. Both Ag–Ag bond lengths are 2.80 Å. There are four shorter (3.05 Å) and two longer (3.18 Å) Ag–Se bond lengths. In the third Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four Ag1+ and six equivalent Se2- atoms. Both Ag–Ag bond lengths are 2.85 Å. There are a spread of Ag–Se bond distances ranging from 3.03–3.17 Å. Se2- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Ag1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1998

Study of the effects of MeV Ag, Cu, Au, and Sn implantation on the optical properties of LiNbO3

The authors present the results of characterization of linear absorption and nonlinear refractive index of Au, Ag, Cu and Sn ion implantation into LiNbO3. Ag was implanted at 1.5 MeV to fluences of 2 to 17 x 17(exp 16)/sq cm at room temperature. Au and Cu were implanted to fluences of 5 to 20 x 10(exp 16)/sq cm at an energy of 2.0 MeV. Sn was implanted to a fluence of 1.6 x 10(exp 17)/sq cm at 160 kV. Optical absorption spectrometry indicated an absorption peak for the Au implanted samples after heat treatment at 1,000 C at approx. 620 nm. The Ag implanted samples absorption peaks shifted from approx. 450 nm before heat treatment to 550 nm after 500 C for 1h. Heat treatment at 800 C returned the Ag implanted crystals to a clear state. Cu nanocluster absorption peaks disappears at 500 C. No Sn clusters were observed by optical absorption or XRD. The size of the Ag and Au clusters as a function of heat treatment were determined from the absorption peaks. The Ag clusters did not change appreciably in size with heat treatment. The Au clusters increased from 3 to 9 nm diameter upon heat treatment at 1000 C. TEM analysis performed on a Au implanted crystal indicated the formation of Au nanocrystals with facets normal to the c-axis. Measurements of the nonlinear refractive indices were carried out using the Z-scan method with a tunable dye laser pumped by a frequency doubled mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. The dye laser had a 4.5 ps pulse duration time and 76 MHz pulse repetition rate (575 nm).

Williams, E. K.↗
DOE OSTI2024

The production and separation of 161 Tb with high specific activity at the University of Utah

Targeted radiotherapy (TRT) is an increasingly prominent area of research in nuclear medicine, particularly in the context of treating cancerous tumors. One radionuclide of considerable interest for TRT is terbium-161 (t 1/2 = 6.95 days), which undergoes beta emission and shares similar decay properties as 177 Lu (FDA-approved as LUTATHERA® and PLUVICTO®). Besides beta emission, 161 Tb also emits a significant number of conversion and Auger electrons further enhancing its therapeutic potential. Terbium-161 can be produced using nuclear reactors through an indirect neutron capture reaction, $^{160}_{64}$Gd(n,γ) $^{161}_{64}$Gd → (3.7 min, β – ) $^{161}_{65}$Tb, from 160 Gd targets. However, a key challenge in utilizing 161 Tb for TRT lies in effectively separating target and product materials to attain high specific activity for radiolabeling. Here, we detail the production of no-carrier added 161 Tb using low flux research reactors (mean thermal (< 0.625 eV) neutron flux: 1.356 ×10 12 n • cm –2 • s –1 ) like the University of Utah TRIGA Reactor, using enriched 160 Gd 2 O 3 targets (1.5 ± 0.3 µCi of 161 Tb per mg of 160 Gd target per hour of irradiation). We also developed a separation technique based on cation exchange and extraction chromatography, suitable for mCi level irradiations with targets exceeding 200 milligrams. In a simulated full-scale irradiation, 161 Tb was successfully isolated from large mass targets using cation exchange (AG 50W-X8, with 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid at 70 mM, pH 4.75) and extraction chromatography (LN Resin, 0.5 – 0.75 M HNO 3 ) methods. Here, this resulted in high apparent molar activities of [ 161 Tb]Tb-DOTA (113 ± 3 MBq/nmol), demonstrating high purity 161 Tb relevant for potential future preclinical applications.

161Tb↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CrAg(PSe3)2 by Materials Project

CrAg(PSe3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one CrAg(PSe3)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cr3+ is bonded to six Se2- atoms to form CrSe6 octahedra that share edges with three equivalent AgSe6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.56 Å) and four longer (2.57 Å) Cr–Se bond lengths. Ag1+ is bonded to six Se2- atoms to form AgSe6 octahedra that share edges with three equivalent CrSe6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.88 Å) and two longer (2.89 Å) Ag–Se bond lengths. P4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Se2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.23 Å) and one longer (2.24 Å) P–Se bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cr3+, one Ag1+, and one P4+ atom. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cr3+, one Ag1+, and one P4+ atom. In the third Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cr3+, one Ag1+, and one P4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ag3Te32Au13 by Materials Project

Au13Ag3Te32 is Krennerite-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are seven inequivalent Au+4.69+ sites. In the first Au+4.69+ site, Au+4.69+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted AuTe6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent AuTe6 octahedra, edges with two AgTe6 octahedra, and edges with five AuTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 23°. There are a spread of Au–Te bond distances ranging from 2.70–3.54 Å. In the second Au+4.69+ site, Au+4.69+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted AuTe6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent AuTe6 octahedra, edges with two AgTe6 octahedra, and edges with five AuTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–23°. There are a spread of Au–Te bond distances ranging from 2.70–3.57 Å. In the third Au+4.69+ site, Au+4.69+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted AuTe6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent AuTe6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one AgTe6 octahedra, and edges with six AuTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–23°. There are a spread of Au–Te bond distances ranging from 2.70–3.54 Å. In the fourth Au+4.69+ site, Au+4.69+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted AuTe6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent AuTe6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one AgTe6 octahedra, and edges with six AuTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 23°. There are a spread of Au–Te bond distances ranging from 2.70–3.56 Å. In the fifth Au+4.69+ site, Au+4.69+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted AuTe6 octahedra that share edges with two equivalent AgTe6 octahedra and edges with four AuTe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Au–Te bond distances ranging from 2.72–3.16 Å. In the sixth Au+4.69+ site, Au+4.69+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form AuTe6 octahedra that share edges with two equivalent AgTe6 octahedra and edges with four AuTe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Au–Te bond distances ranging from 2.73–3.13 Å. In the seventh Au+4.69+ site, Au+4.69+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form edge-sharing AuTe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Au–Te bond distances ranging from 2.73–3.15 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted AgTe6 octahedra that share edges with six AuTe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ag–Te bond distances ranging from 2.78–3.25 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form AgTe6 octahedra that share edges with six AuTe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ag–Te bond distances ranging from 2.78–3.22 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Au+4.69+, one Ag1+, and one Te2- atom. The Te–Te bond length is 2.85 Å. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Au+4.69+, one Ag1+, and one Te2- atom. The Te–Te bond length is 2.88 Å. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Au+4.69+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the fourth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Au+4.69+, one Ag1+, and one Te2- atom. The Te–Te bond length is 2.88 Å. In the fifth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Au+4.69+ atom. In the sixth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ atom. In the seventh Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four Au+4.69+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the eighth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five Au+4.69+ atoms. In the ninth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Au+4.69+, one Ag1+, and one Te2- atom. In the tenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Au+4.69+ and one Te2- atom. In the eleventh Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Au+4.69+ and one Te2- atom. In the twelfth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Au+4.69+ atoms. In the thirteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Au+4.69+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the fourteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Au+4.69+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the fifteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Au+4.69+ atoms. In the sixteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Au+4.69+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on YAg(IO3)4 by Materials Project

AgY(IO3)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two AgY(IO3)4 sheets oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. there are two inequivalent Y3+ sites. In the first Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.45 Å. In the second Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.52 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.88 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.93 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Y3+, one Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Y3+, one Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.87 Å. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Y3+, one Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Y3+, one Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Y3+, two Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.87 Å. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Y3+, two Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Y3+, one Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Y3+, one Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ag1+ and two I5+ atoms. There are one shorter (1.83 Å) and one longer (2.61 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Ag1+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Y3+, one Ag1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. There are eight inequivalent I5+ sites. In the first I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the second I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the third I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the fourth I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. In the fifth I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the sixth I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the seventh I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the eighth I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AgBiI4 by Materials Project

AgBiI4 is trigonal omega-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ag1+ is bonded to six I1- atoms to form AgI6 octahedra that share edges with two equivalent AgI6 octahedra and edges with four equivalent BiI6 octahedra. There are four shorter (3.03 Å) and two longer (3.28 Å) Ag–I bond lengths. Bi3+ is bonded to six I1- atoms to form BiI6 octahedra that share edges with two equivalent BiI6 octahedra and edges with four equivalent AgI6 octahedra. There are two shorter (3.10 Å) and four longer (3.14 Å) Bi–I bond lengths. There are two inequivalent I1- sites. In the first I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ag1+ and one Bi3+ atom. In the second I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and two equivalent Bi3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Abatement of radioiodine in aqueous reprocessing off-gas

The reprocessing used nuclear fuel (UNF) releases volatile fission and activation products, including 129 I, into the off-gas of a processing plant. Mitigation of the release of vapor phase radionuclides is necessary for meeting regulatory requirements in the United States and other countries. In an aqueous reprocessing plant, volatile radioiodine could be present in several forms, depending on the chemistry of the process used. Inorganic iodine will be the predominate species in any shearing or voloxidation pretreatment off-gas and dissolver off-gas (DOG). Organic iodides such as CH 3 I, C 4 H 9 I, and C 12 H 25 I have been proposed to be generated during solvent extraction; thus, these species must be captured from the vessel off-gas (VOG). The abatement of inorganic and organic iodide species to meet United States regulatory requirements has been demonstrated in laboratory experiments using Ag-based solid sorbents. The data presented in this paper includes the effect of gas composition (e.g., the presence of water vapor and NO x ), iodine speciation (I 2 , CH 3 I, C 4 H 9 I, C 12 H 25 I), and sorbent bed parameters (e.g., temperature, sorbent age) on complete iodine capture on Ag-mordenite in an aqueous reprocessing plant.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2020

Using Radioiodine Speciation to Address Environmental Remediation and Waste Stream Sequestration Problems at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and a DOE Site

Iodine-129 ( 129 I), with a half-life of half-life of 16 million years, is commonly considered the single greatest risk driver in high-level and low-level nuclear repositories. This risk stems from several basic properties of 129 I, and under many geochemical conditions, it can move as an anion at nearly the rate of water through the subsurface environment. 129 I is also extremely radiologically toxic because over 90% of body burden accumulates in the thyroid, which weighs only about 14g in an adult. There is also a large worldwide inventory of radioiodine as a result of its high fission yield and this inventory is rapidly increasing as a result of nuclear energy production. Radioiodine is produced at a rate of 40 GBq (1 Ci) per gigawatt of electricity produced by nuclear power. To illustrate how the properties of 129 I magnify its risk, 129 I accounts for only 0.00002% of the radiation released from the Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina, but contributes 13% of the population dose, a six orders of magnitude magnification of risk with respect to its radioactivity. The currently favored solid phase for LLW immobilization is cement, while HLW immobilization is the incorporation of waste into glass (vitrification). However, so far, the incorporation into cement and subsequent leaching of only iodide has been seriously investigated. The major problem with this approach is that it ignores the complex speciation of iodine, i.e., it ignores iodate and organo-iodine which have different chemistries. Most of the past research was devoted to the mechanism of iodide uptake in cement hydrate phases that is sorption and/or incorporation. Very few data exist on iodate and organo-iodine incorporation in cement, even though large quantities of liquid waste containing also radioiodine have already been solidified in cement Iodine-129 from low-level waste is commonly disposed of in cementitious materials. Grout, a dense cementitious fluid, mixed with a reducing slag, is often used to immobilize radionuclides. However, the reducing environment might not be conducive to immobilize iodine. For example, the silver based immobilization technologies (e.g., AgCl, Ag-impregnated granular activated carbon, Ag-mordenite) remove iodine from the aqueous phase by promoting the formation of Ag-iodide precipitates. The solubility of AgI is eight orders of magnitude lower than it is for AgIO 3 . Similarly, coprecipitation of iodine into calcium carbonate phases occurs only with IO 3 - and not with I - and org-I. If one would want to immobilize iodine more effectively, different engineering approaches would need to be used to promote binding of I - , IO 3 - , or organo-I. Using laboratory experiments with grout, slag, and silver-based adsorbents, and GC-MS and I K-edge XANES and EXAFS and C K-edge XANES spectroscopy for identifying iodine speciation, the major problems with these methods have been identified as focused too much on just one of the iodine species for immobilization, while others, especially organo-I, remained mobile. Finally, we established that most of the adsorbents that are used contain sufficient amounts of organic matter to create organo-I . It is anticipated that increased attention directed at understanding and quantifying the speciation of radioiodine, as opposed to simply total radioiodine, will lead to improved remediation results to be used for long-term radioiodine disposal in cementitious waste forms.

129-Iodine↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on VAg(PSe3)2 by Materials Project

AgVP2Se6 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one AgVP2Se6 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. V3+ is bonded to six Se2- atoms to form VSe6 octahedra that share edges with three equivalent AgSe6 octahedra. There are a spread of V–Se bond distances ranging from 2.55–2.62 Å. Ag1+ is bonded to six Se2- atoms to form AgSe6 octahedra that share edges with three equivalent VSe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ag–Se bond distances ranging from 2.87–2.95 Å. P4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Se2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.22 Å) and two longer (2.24 Å) P–Se bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one V3+, one Ag1+, and one P4+ atom. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one V3+, one Ag1+, and one P4+ atom. In the third Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one V3+, one Ag1+, and one P4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ag2WS4 by Materials Project

Ag2WS4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. W6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four S2- atoms. There are a spread of W–S bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.24 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five S2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–S bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.91 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five S2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–S bond distances ranging from 2.46–3.05 Å. There are three inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one W6+ and three Ag1+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one W6+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one W6+ and two equivalent Ag1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K2AgC3(SN)3 by Materials Project

K2AgC3(NS)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent K1+ sites. In the first K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four N3- and three S2- atoms. There are a spread of K–N bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.99 Å. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.31–3.59 Å. In the second K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three N3- and four S2- atoms. There are a spread of K–N bond distances ranging from 2.83–2.92 Å. There are a spread of K–S bond distances ranging from 3.36–3.45 Å. In the third K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five N3- and two S2- atoms. There are a spread of K–N bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.00 Å. Both K–S bond lengths are 3.43 Å. In the fourth K1+ site, K1+ is bonded to five N3- and two S2- atoms to form distorted KS2N5 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one AgS4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of K–N bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.10 Å. There are one shorter (3.37 Å) and one longer (3.38 Å) K–S bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six S2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–S bond distances ranging from 2.61–3.43 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form distorted AgS4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KS2N5 pentagonal bipyramid and an edgeedge with one AgS4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ag–S bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.73 Å. There are six inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.66 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.19 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.65 Å. In the third C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.66 Å. In the fourth C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.19 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.65 Å. In the fifth C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.19 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.65 Å. In the sixth C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one N3- and one S2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.19 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.65 Å. There are six inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three K1+ and one C4+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three K1+ and one C4+ atom. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K1+ and one C4+ atom. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to three K1+ and one C4+ atom. In the fifth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three K1+ and one C4+ atom. In the sixth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three K1+ and one C4+ atom. There are six inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K1+, one Ag1+, and one C4+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K1+, one Ag1+, and one C4+ atom. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two K1+, one Ag1+, and one C4+ atom. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one K1+, three Ag1+, and one C4+ atom. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K1+, two Ag1+, and one C4+ atom. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one K1+, two equivalent Ag1+, and one C4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ag2Hg2(TeO4)3 by Materials Project

Ag2Hg2(TeO4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ag1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.89 Å. Hg2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Hg–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.85 Å. There are two inequivalent Te6+ sites. In the first Te6+ site, Te6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 49°. There are a spread of Te–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.02 Å. In the second Te6+ site, Te6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing TeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 49°. There are a spread of Te–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.00 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, two equivalent Hg2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and two Te6+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ag1+, one Hg2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Te6+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ag1+, one Hg2+, and two equivalent Te6+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Ag1+, one Hg2+, and one Te6+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OAg2HgTe trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗