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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

A Study of the Thermovoltaic Effect in Heterostructures Based on Sm{sub 1–x}Gd{sub x}S Solid Solutions

The influence of doping of samarium monosulfide with gadolinium has been investigated. Experiments have been carried out in the temperature range of 300–450 K. A decrease in the effect value with increasing gadolinium content in the Sm1–xGdxS heterostructure with x ranged from 0 to 0.13 has been found and explained. Formulas for calculating the output signal in dependence of the doping value have been derived.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

High-Temperature Heat Capacity of Zn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}–Cu{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7} Solid Solutions

Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the influence of temperature on the heat capacity of synthesized vanadates Zn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7}, (Cu{sub 0.56}Zn{sub 1.44})V{sub 2}O{sub 7}, and (Cu{sub 1.0}Zn{sub 1.0})V{sub 2}O{sub 7}. It is found that dependences C{sub p} = f(T) have extremes. The thermodynamic properties of Zn{sub 2}V{sub 2}O{sub 7} have been determined.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

(Y{sub 1–x}Bi{sub x})3(Fe{sub 1–y}Ga{sub y}){sub 5}O{sub 12} Solid Solution Region in the Ieneke Diagram

Garnet ferrites with the overall composition (Y{sub 1–x}Bi{sub x})3(Fe{sub 1–y}Ga{sub y}){sub 5}O{sub 12} (0 ≤ х ≤1, 0 ≤ y ≤1) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. A relationship has been demonstrated between an increase in the concentration of Ga{sup 3+} cations and an increase in Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} solubility in ss-Y{sub 3}(Fe,Ga){sub 5}O{sub 12}.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Solid Solution Sn{sub 1–x}Mn{sub x}Te (0 ≥ x ≥ 0.04)

Electrical and thermal properties of the Sn{sub 1–x}Mn{sub x}Te single crystals (0 ≥ x ≥ 0.04) with contacts of eutectic alloy 57Bi + 43Sn (in mass%) are investigated at temperatures from 77 to 300 K. Experimental results show that this alloy with specified single crystals forms ohmic contact with a sufficiently low contact resistance. The electronic thermal conductivity in some samples reaches about 50% of the total thermal conductivity, and structural defects contribute significantly to the thermal resistance of the crystals.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

On the thermopower and thermomagnetic properties of Er{sub x}Sn{sub 1–x}Se solid solutions

The Er{sub x}Sn{sub 1–x}Se system is characterized by a significant deviation of the temperature dependence of the differential thermopower from linearity at temperatures below room temperature and a change in the sign of the thermomagnetic coefficient. The deviation of the thermopower of Er{sub x}Sn{sub 1–x}Se samples in the nonequilibrium state from linearity is found to be caused mainly by the entrainment of charge carriers by phonons α{sub ph}. The statistical forces of electronic entrainment, A{sub ph}(ε), are estimated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Electrical and Galvanomagnetic Properties of Extruded Samples of Bi{sub 85}Sb{sub 15} Solid Solutions with Pb and Te Impurities

The effect of tellurium impurities on the electrical conductivity (σ), Seebeck coefficient (α), and Hall coefficient R of extruded Bi{sub 85}Sb{sub 15} + 0.001 аt.% Pb is studied in the temperature range 77–300 K. It is found that doping with tellurium impurities up to 0.001 at. % compensating acceptor Pb atoms leads to a strong decrease in the electron density and, consequently, to an increase in σ and significant decrease in the values of α and R. The materials obtained can be used as the n-branch of thermoelements operating at temperatures of ~77 K.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Crystal structure and phase transitions of Sr{sub 2}Ni{sub 1–y}Mg{sub y}MoO{sub 6} solid solutions

Sr{sub 2}Ni{sub 1–y}Mg{sub y}MoO{sub 6} mixed oxides with a double perovskite structure have been synthesized via the pyrolysis of glycerol–salt mixtures. The phase composition and structure of the samples have been determined using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The temperatures of phase transitions in Sr{sub 2}Ni{sub 1–y}Mg{sub y}MoO{sub 6} with y = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 have been determined by high-temperature X-ray diffraction and dilatometry.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Kinetics of subdiffusive growth of new phase particles in supersaturated solid solutions

The kinetics of the subdiffusion-limited growth of spherical precipitates is studied. The process is described by the equation of anomalous diffusion with a fractional derivative with respect to time. It is shown that a decrease in the concentration of monomers is described by the law exp(−kt{sup 3α/2}) at the initial stage and the power law t{sup −α} at large times, where 0 < α ≤ 1 is the dispersion parameter coinciding with the order of time derivative in the subdiffusion equation. The time dependence of the size of a spherical precipitate is obtained. The results generalize the Ham diffusion theory and are in agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation data.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Crystallographic parameters of compounds and solid solutions in binary systems Cu-Pt and Ga-Pt

The study establishes that the packing index in compounds of the system Cu-Pt is close to the value 0.74 against a slight deviation from the Zen law of atomic volumes. The compounds in the system Ga-Pt have the highest values of the packing index in the range of the equiatomic composition, which greatly exceed ψ for close-packed structures based on FCC and HCP lattices for compounds made of the same kind of atoms. A correlation between singular points on the phase diagram of the system Ga-Pt and high values of the packing index in compounds is established.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Influence of Cation Substitution on the Kinetics of Phase Transitions in Crystals of (K,NH{sub 4}){sub 3}H(SO{sub 4}){sub 2} Solid Solutions

The structure of (K{sub 0.967}(NH{sub 4}){sub 0.033}){sub 3}H(SO{sub 4}){sub 2} crystals, belonging to the K{sub 3}H(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}–(NH{sub 4}){sub 3}H(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}–H{sub 2}O salt system, has been investigated by X-ray structural analysis. The room-temperature characteristics of the atomic structure of these crystals are found to be as follows: sp. gr. C2/c, Z = 4, a = 14.7025(4) Å, b = 5.6859(2) Å, c = 9.7885(3) Å, and R/wR = 0.021/0.030%. The thermal and optical properties of (K,NH{sub 4}){sub 3}H(SO{sub 4}){sub 2} and K{sub 3}H(SO{sub 4}){sub 2} single crystals have been investigated and compared in a temperature range of 295–500 K.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Phase transitions and the piezoelectricity around morphotropic phase boundary in Ba(Zr{sub 0.2}Ti{sub 0.8})O{sub 3}-x(Ba{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3})TiO{sub 3} lead-free solid solution

In this paper, two displacive phase transitions around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in Ba(Zr{sub 0.2}Ti{sub 0.8})O{sub 3}-x(Ba{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3})TiO{sub 3} (BZT-xBCT) ceramics were detected by inspecting two anomalies of the Raman Ti{sup 4+}-O{sup 2−} longitudinal optical mode (∼725 cm{sup −1}). Further, permittivity and X-ray diffraction results demonstrated these two phase transitions originate from tetragonal (T) to rhombohedral (R) through an intermediate orthorhombic (O) phase. Importantly, we found that the maximum piezoelectric response (d{sub 33} = 545pC/N) was achieved at the boundary between the T and O phase, indicating that the giant piezoelectricity of BZT-xBCT may mainly stem from the T-O phase boundary due to easier polarization rotation and larger lattice softening.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

On the problem of internal optical loss and current leakage in laser heterostructures based on AlGaInAs/InP solid solutions

Semiconductor lasers based on MOCVD-grown AlGaInAs/InP separate-confinement heterostructures are studied. It is shown that raising only the energy-gap width of AlGaInAs-waveguides without the introduction of additional barriers results in more pronounced current leakage into the cladding layers. It is found that the introduction of additional barrier layers at the waveguide–cladding-layer interface blocks current leakage into the cladding layers, but results in an increase in the internal optical loss with increasing pump current. It is experimentally demonstrated that the introduction of blocking layers makes it possible to obtain maximum values of the internal quantum efficiency of stimulated emission (92%) and continuouswave output optical power (3.2 W) in semiconductor lasers in the eye-safe wavelength range (1400–1600 nm).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Stimulated Emission and Optical Properties of Solid Solutions of Cu(In,Ga)Se{sub 2} Direct Band Gap Semiconductors

Stimulated emission, optical properties, and structural characteristics of non-irradiated and proton-irradiated Cu(In,Ga)Se{sub 2} thin films deposited on soda lime glass substrates using co-evaporation of elements in a multistage process were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectral analysis with energy dispersion, low-temperature photoluminescence, optical transmittance and reflectance were used to study the films. Stimulated emission at low temperatures of ~20 K was found in non-irradiated and proton-irradiated Cu(In,Ga)Se{sub 2} thin films upon excitation by laser pulses of nanosecond duration with a threshold power density of ~20 kW/cm{sup 2}. It was shown that the appearance and parameters of the stimulated emission depend strongly on the concentration of ion-induced defects in Cu(In,Ga)Se{sub 2} thin films.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Perovskite-Type Solid Solution Nano-Electrocatalysts Enable Simultaneously Enhanced Activity and Stability for Oxygen Evolution

A trade-off between catalytic activity and structural stability generally exists in oxygen evolution electrocatalysis, especially in acidic environment. This dilemma limits the development of higher-performance electrocatalysts that are required by next-generation electrochemical technologies. In this work it is demonstrated that the inverse catalytic activity–structural stability relation can be broken by alloying catalytically inert strontium zirconate with the other catalytically active perovskite, strontium iridate. This strategy results in an alloyed perovskite electrocatalyst with simultaneously improved iridium mass activity and structural stability, by about five times, for the oxygen evolution reaction under acidic conditions. The experimental and theoretical results suggest that the alloying strategy generates multiple positive effects, mainly including the reduction of catalyst size, the decrease of catalyst covalency, and the weakening of surface oxygen-binding ability. The synergistic optimization of bulk and surface properties, as a result, enhances the intrinsic activity and availability of surface iridium sites, whilst significantly inhibiting the surface cation corrosion during electrocatalysis.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Phase transformation, improved ferroelectric and magnetic properties of (1 − x) BiFeO{sub 3}–xPb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3} solid solutions

The authors prepared (1 − x)BiFeO{sub 3} – (x)Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3} for x ≤ 0.30 by sol-gel method and investigated the material's structures, magnetic and electrical properties. Detailed Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data revealed that the system retains distorted rhombohedral R3c structure for x ≤ 0.10 but transforms to monoclinic (Cc) structure for x > 0.10. Disappearance of some Raman modes corresponding to A1 modes and the decrease in the intensities of the remaining A1 modes with increasing x in the Raman spectra, which is a clear indication of structural modification and symmetry changes brought about by PZT doping. Enhanced magnetization with PZT doping content may be attributed to the gradual change and destruction in the spin cycloid structure of BiFeO{sub 3.} The leakage current density at 3.5 kV/cm was reduced by approximately three orders of magnitude by doping PZT (x = 0.30), compared with BFO ceramics.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Lattice Distortion and Phase Stability of Pd-Doped NiCoFeCr Solid-Solution Alloys

In the present study, we have revealed that (NiCoFeCr)100−xPdx (x= 1, 3, 5, 20 atom%) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have both local- and long-range lattice distortions by utilizing X-ray total scattering, X-ray diffraction, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure methods. The local lattice distortion determined by the lattice constant difference between the local and average structures was found to be proportional to the Pd content. A small amount of Pd-doping (1 atom%) yields long-range lattice distortion, which is demonstrated by a larger (200) lattice plane spacing than the expected value from an average structure, however, the degree of long-range lattice distortion is not sensitive to the Pd concentration. The structural stability of these distorted HEAs under high-pressure was also examined. The experimental results indicate that doping with a small amount of Pd significantly enhances the stability of the fcc phase by increasing the fcc-to-hcp transformation pressure from ~13.0 GPa in NiCoFeCr to 20–26 GPa in the Pd-doped HEAs and NiCoFeCrPd maintains its fcc lattice up to 74 GPa, the maximum pressure that the current experiments have reached.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Universal Approach to Fabricating Graphene-Supported Single-Atom Catalysts from Doped ZnO Solid Solutions

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted widespread interest for many catalytic applications because of their distinguishing properties. However, general and scalable synthesis of efficient SACs remains significantly challenging, which limits their applications. Here we report an efficient and universal approach to fabricating a series of high-content metal atoms anchored into hollow nitrogen-doped graphene frameworks (M-N-Grs; M represents Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, etc.) at gram-scale. The highly compatible doped ZnO templates, acting as the dispersants of targeted metal heteroatoms, can react with the incoming gaseous organic ligands to form doped metal-organic framework thin shells, whose composition determines the heteroatom species and contents in M-N-Grs. We achieved over 1.2 atom % (5.85 wt %) metal loading content, superior oxygen reduction activity over commercial Pt/C catalyst, and a very high diffusion-limiting current (6.82 mA cm -2 ). Both experimental analyses and theoretical calculations reveal the oxygen reduction activity sequence of M-N-Grs. Additionally, the superior performance in Fe-N-Gr is mainly attributed to its unique electron structure, rich exposed active sites, and robust hollow framework: This synthesis strategy will stimulate the rapid development of SACs for diverse energy-related fields.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Solid-solution stability and preferential site-occupancy in (R-R′){sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compounds

The rare-earth (R) uniaxial anisotropy of R{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compounds with magnetic R atoms (e.g., Nd or Pr) is at the origin of the exceptional hard magnetic properties achieved in magnets based on these compounds. The uniaxial anisotropy found in Ce{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B is attributed mainly to the magnetism of Fe. Ce is the most abundant R element and there has been much recent effort to fabricate magnets in which Ce is partially substituted for Nd. In the present neutron study of (R{sub 1−x}Ce{sub x}){sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B (R = La or Nd), Ce is found to enter the R{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B phase over the entire composition range. The crystallographic parameters decrease with increasing Ce content and the Ce atoms preferentially occupy the smaller 4f sites. It is concluded that Ce in these (RR′){sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compounds essentially maintains the intermediate valence character found in Ce{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B. It is proposed that, in this intermediate valence state, Ce weakly contributes to uniaxial anisotropy, thus making a link with the fact that significant coercivity is preserved in Ce-substituted NdFeB magnets.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗