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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 451 records · Page 25

Coherency-Aware Learning Control of Inverter-Dominated Grids: A Distributed Risk-Constrained Approach

Here, this letter investigates the importance of integrating the coherency knowledge for designing controllers to dampen sustained oscillations in wide-area power networks with significant penetration of inverter-interfaced resources. Coherency is a fundamental property of power systems, where time-scale separation in frequency dynamics leads to clustered behavior among generators of different groups. Large-scale penetration of inverter-driven low inertia resources replacing conventional synchronous generators (SGs) can lead to perturbation in the coherent partitioning; hence, integrating such information is of utmost importance for oscillation control designs. We present the coherency-aware design of a distributed output feedback-based reinforcement learning method that additionally incorporates risk constraints to capture the uncertainties related to net-load fluctuations. The use of domain-aware coherency information has produced improved training and oscillation performance than the coherency-agnostic control design, hence proving to be effective in controller design. Finally, we validated the proposed method with numerical experiments on the benchmark IEEE 68-bus test system.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Impacts of Control, Penetration, and Distribution of Embedded Storage Network in Bulk Power System

The current shift in generation mix from fossil fuel plants towards variable and intermittent renewable energy sources is poised to create a future grid with reduced physical inertia and mismatch between generation and demand. Embedded storage, which is a concept of a coordinated network of storage units sited at the interface between the transmission and distribution system, is proposed as a mechanism to provide a buffer between generation and demand. This paper proposes an automated framework to model and integrate embedded storage in large-scale power systems with industry-grade grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) control technologies. More importantly, the developed framework is used to explore the impacts of embedded storage control, penetration, location, and capacity in providing fast frequency response to the grid under contingency events such as generator trips and faults. The framework and study are conducted using the transient-stability simulation tool PSS/E and a realistic model of the Puerto Rico grid as a chosen test system. The simulation results show that GFL and GFM embedded storage, distributed throughout the system, with sufficient penetration and capacity, can effectively improve primary frequency response of the system under the studied contingency events.

Battery Energy Storage, embedded storage, grid-for↗

Common data buffer

Time-shared interface speeds data processing in distributed computer network. Two-level high-speed scanning approach routes information to buffer, portion of which is reserved for series of "first-in, first-out" memory stacks. Buffer address structure and memory are protected from noise or failed components by error correcting code. System is applicable to any computer or processing language.

Byrne, F.↗

Low-frequency radio navigation for the Army's Mobile Automated Field Instrumentation System /MAFIS/

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is engaged in the early phases of conceptual, preliminary design, and feasibility demonstration studies leading to determination of a design and implementation of the Army's proposed Mobile Automated Field Instrumentation System (MAFIS). An overview is provided of the current design concept for an experimental radio navigation subsystem to be implemented in the field as a part of the MAFIS study effort. Objectives of MAFIS include mobility, field-ruggedness and longevity of equipment, and low acquisition and life-cycle costs. The navigation subsystem comprises a 4-station radio transmitter network, plus the navigation receivers, network monitoring receivers and communications links, and interface to the command/control 'central' for transmitter status monitoring. Attention is given to accuracy goals, radio propagation effects, transmitter arrangement, radio-frequency allocations, position initialization and lane resolution, and transmitter and receiver functions.

Wallis, D. E.↗

Ada Run Time Support Environments and a common APSE Interface Set

The paper discusses the importance of linking Ada Run Time Support Environments to the Common Ada Programming Support Environment (APSE) Interface Set (CAIS). A non-stop network operating systems scenario is presented to serve as a forum for identifying the important issues. The network operating system exemplifies the issues involved in the NASA Space Station data management system.

Mckay, C. W.↗

The Space Station Data Management System - Avionics that integrate

The Space Station Data Management System (DMS) comprises the networked computers, mass storage, workstations, and instrumentation interfaces required to support onboard systems and payload operations. This paper gives an overview of the current DMS architecture and discusses its role as onboard integrator in four of its major functional areas: (1) data communication; (2) data processing; (3) data administration, storage and retrieval; and (4) data presentation at the human-computer interface.

Whitelaw, Virginia↗

The high temperature deformation in cyclic loading of a single crystal nickel-base superalloy

The high temperature cyclic stress softening response of the single crystal nickel-base superalloy PWA 1480 was investigated. Specimens oriented near the 001- and 111-lines were tested at 1050 C in low-cycle fatigue and then microstructurally evaluated. The 001- and 111-line specimens had dissimilar flow behavior in monotonic tensile tests, but comparable softening in low-cycle fatigue. This softening was accompanied by rapid generation of dislocation networks at the gamma-gamma-prime interfaces and by a slower time-dependent coarsening of gamma-prime precipitates. Due to the rapid formation of a dislocation substructure at the gamma-gamma-prime interfaces, the cyclic stress softening could be modeled with an existing theory which related cyclic stress to the evolving microstructure and dislocation structure.

Gabb, T. P.↗

Coarsening in high volume fraction nickel-base alloys

The coarsening behavior of the gamma-prime precipitate has been examined in high volume fraction nickel-base alloys aged at elevated temperatures for times of up to 5000 h. Although the cube rate law was observed during coarsening, none of the presently available coarsening theories showed complete agreement with the experimental particle size distributions (PSDs). These discrepancies were thought to be due to elastic coherency strains which were not considered by the available models. Increasing the Mo content significantly influenced the PSDs and decreased the coarsening rate of the gamma-prime cubes, as a result of increasing the magnitude of the lattice mismatch. After extended aging times, the gamma-prime cubes underwent massive coalescence into plates at a rate which was much faster than the cuboidal coarsening rate. Once the gamma-prime plates were formed, further coarsening was not observed, and this stabilization of the microstructure was attributed to the development of dislocation networks at the gamma-gamma-prime interfaces.

Mackay, R. A.↗

Interim Service ISDN Satellite (ISIS) hardware experiment design for advanced ISDN satellite design and experiments

The Interim Service Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Satellite (ISIS) Hardware Experiment Design for Advanced Satellite Designs describes the design of the ISDN Satellite Terminal Adapter (ISTA) capable of translating ISDN protocol traffic into time division multiple access (TDMA) signals for use by a communications satellite. The ISTA connects the Type 1 Network Termination (NT1) via the U-interface on the line termination side of the CPE to the V.35 interface for satellite uplink. The same ISTA converts in the opposite direction the V.35 to U-interface data with a simple switch setting.

Pepin, Gerard R.↗

Interim Service ISDN Satellite (ISIS) hardware experiment development for advanced ISDN satellite designs and experiments

The Interim Service Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) Satellite (ISIS) Hardware Experiment Development for Advanced Satellite Designs describes the development of the ISDN Satellite Terminal Adapter (ISTA) capable of translating ISDN protocol traffic into Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signals for use by a communications satellite. The ISTA connects the Type 1 Network Termination (NT1) via the U-interface on the line termination side of the CPE to the RS-499 interface for satellite uplink. The same ISTA converts in the opposite direction the RS-499 to U-interface data with a simple switch setting.

Pepin, Gerard R.↗

The challenge of a data storage hierarchy

A discussion of Mesa Archival Systems' data archiving system is presented. This data archiving system is strictly a software system that is implemented on a mainframe and manages the data into permanent file storage. Emphasis is placed on the fact that any kind of client system on the network can be connected through the Unix interface of the data archiving system.

Ruderman, Michael↗

The HEASARC graphical user interface

An OSF/Motif-based graphical user interface has been developed to facilitate the use of the database and data analysis software packages available from the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC). It can also be used as an interface to other, similar, routines. A small number of tables are constructed to specify the possible commands and command parameters for a given set of analysis routines. These tables can be modified by a designer to affect the appearance of the interface screens. They can also be dynamically changed in response to parameter adjustments made while the underlying program is running. Additionally, a communication protocol has been designed so that the interface can operate locally or across a network. It is intended that this software be able to run on a variety of workstations and X terminals.

White, N.↗

Reduced cost alternatives to premise wiring using ATM and microcellular technologies

The cost of premises wiring keeps increasing due to personnel moves, new equipment, capacity upgrades etc. It would be desirable to have a wireless interface from the workstations to the fixed network, so as to minimize the wiring changes needed. New technologies such as microcellular personal communication systems are promising to bring down the cost of wireless communication. Another promising technology is Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), which could dramatically increase the bandwidth available for wireless connections. In addition, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology is emerging as a technique for integrated management of voice, data, and video traffic on a single network. The focus of this investigation will be to assess the future utility of these new technologies for reducing the premise wiring cost at KSC. One of the issues to be studied is the cost comparison of 'old' versus 'new,' especially as time and technology progress. An additional issue for closer study is a feasible time-line for progress in technological capability.

Gejji, Raghvendra R.↗

New computing systems, future computing environment, and their implications on structural analysis and design

Recent advances in computer technology that are likely to impact structural analysis and design of flight vehicles are reviewed. A brief summary is given of the advances in microelectronics, networking technologies, and in the user-interface hardware and software. The major features of new and projected computing systems, including high performance computers, parallel processing machines, and small systems, are described. Advances in programming environments, numerical algorithms, and computational strategies for new computing systems are reviewed. The impact of the advances in computer technology on structural analysis and the design of flight vehicles is described. A scenario for future computing paradigms is presented, and the near-term needs in the computational structures area are outlined.

Noor, Ahmed K.↗

BioSIGHT: Interactive Visualization Modules for Science Education

Redefining science education to harness emerging integrated media technologies with innovative pedagogical goals represents a unique challenge. The Integrated Media Systems Center (IMSC) is the only engineering research center in the area of multimedia and creative technologies sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The research program at IMSC is focused on developing advanced technologies that address human-computer interfaces, database management, and high-speed network capabilities. The BioSIGHT project at is a demonstration technology project in the area of education that seeks to address how such emerging multimedia technologies can make an impact on science education. The scope of this project will help solidify NASA's commitment for the development of innovative educational resources that promotes science literacy for our students and the general population as well. These issues must be addressed as NASA marches toward the goal of enabling human space exploration that requires an understanding of life sciences in space. The IMSC BioSIGHT lab was established with the purpose of developing a novel methodology that will map a high school biology curriculum into a series of interactive visualization modules that can be easily incorporated into a space biology curriculum. Fundamental concepts in general biology must be mastered in order to allow a better understanding and application for space biology. Interactive visualization is a powerful component that can capture the students' imagination, facilitate their assimilation of complex ideas, and help them develop integrated views of biology. These modules will augment the role of the teacher and will establish the value of student-centered interactivity, both in an individual setting as well as in a collaborative learning environment. Students will be able to interact with the content material, explore new challenges, and perform virtual laboratory simulations. The BioSIGHT effort is truly cross-disciplinary in nature and requires expertise from many areas including Biology, Computer Science Electrical Engineering, Education, and the Cognitive Sciences. The BioSIGHT team includes a scientific illustrator, educational software designer, computer programmers as well as IMSC graduate and undergraduate students.

Wong, Wee Ling↗

The DUNE-DAQ Application Framework

The deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation neutrino experiment that will probe the properties of these elusive particles with unparalleled precision. It will also act as an observatory for neutrino bursts caused by nearby supernovae, in the event that one occurs, while the experiment is in operation. Given these goals, the DUNE trigger and DAQ system must be able to maintain extremely high uptime and provide a path for full readout of the detectors for very long times (up to 100 s). To achieve these ends, we have designed the DUNE DAQ system around a flexible “application framework,” which provides a modular interface for specific tasks while handling the interconnections between them. The application framework collects modules into applications, which can then be interacted with as units by the control, configuration, and monitoring systems. One of the key features of the framework is its communication abstraction layer, which allows for modules to interact with both internal queues and external network connections with a single transport-agnostic interface. We will report on the architecture and features of the framework.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

The DUNE DAQ Application Framework

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation neutrino experiment that will probe the properties of these elusive particles with unparalleled precision. It will also act as an observatory for neutrino bursts caused by nearby supernovae, in the event that one occurs while the experiment is in operation. Given these goals, the DUNE trigger and DAQ system must be able to maintain extremely high uptime and provide a path for full readout of the detectors for very long times (up to 100s). To achieve these ends, we have designed the DUNE DAQ system around a flexible “application framework”, which provides a modular interface for specific tasks while handling the interconnections between them. The application framework collects modules into applications which can then be interacted with as units by the control, configuration and monitoring systems. One of the key features of the framework is its communications abstraction layer, which allows for modules to interact with both internal queues and external network connections with a single transport-agnostic interface. We will report on the architecture and features of the framework.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

A Synoptic System for Capturing Ecosystem Control Points Across Terrestrial‐Aquatic Interfaces

Interconnected landscape features such as terrestrial‐aquatic interfaces play an outsized role in biogeochemical cycles as ecosystem control points, but it is notoriously challenging to characterize these. Here, we document a synoptic sensor network design that is (a) flexible to accommodate diverse ecosystem interfaces and gradients, (b) adaptable to monitoring and modeling needs of small and large projects alike, (c) standardized for intercomparability across sites and field experiments, and (d) adequately replicated to capture heterogeneity of each parameter monitored. This real‐time monitoring of surface water, groundwater, soil, and vegetation supports configuration and evaluation of models that span upland, wetland, open water strata, and transitions between them. We established the network at seven sites along the Chesapeake Bay and Lake Erie coastlines, including large‐scale flood manipulation experiments in both regions. A central design element is “one data logger program to rule them all”—a collection of sensor‐specific modules deployed on 40 loggers controlling ∼2,000 sensors, with the goal of streamlining maintenance, debugging, and reproducible data processing. The network generates ∼6 M observations per month, capturing system dynamics at the broad spatial and fine temporal scales needed to initialize and benchmark models; measurement frequency can be modified remotely to capture events. This network design has also revealed behaviors not represented in Earth system models, such as transient groundwater oxygen pulses. Completely documented and open source, this standardized, flexible, and efficient sensor network design can reduce barriers to understanding environmental changes and ecosystem responses across systems and scales.

Ward, Nicholas D. [Pacific Northwest National Labo↗