Space sciences data handling - Present capabilities and requirements for future large astronomy missions
Data handling systems for future large astronomy missions
Ludwig, G. H.↗
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Science data analysis
Computer refreshed display for processing video information with digital computer to enhance video data
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The National Space Science Data Center handbook of correlative data
Handbook of correlative data on galactic cosmic rays, solar electromagnetic radiation, solar protons, geomagnetism, ionosphere, and neutral atmosphere
King, J. H.↗
The application of natural science data to land management decision-making
A natural environmental analysis process which allows the decision maker to know the probable consequences of a decision prior to the act is developed. Emphasis is placed on the fit between the natural environment and the social, economic, and functional attributes of man's communities and the transition from nature in its present state to various forms and intensities of development. Applications of the analysis are examined. It is concluded that the analysis is a workable system for land use management.
Williams, D. L.↗
Dynamics Explorer Science Data Processing System
The Dynamics Explorer project has acquired the ground data processing system from the Atmosphere Explorer project to provide a central computer facility for the data processing, data management and data analysis activities of the investigators. Access to this system is via remote terminals at the investigators' facilities, which provide ready access to the data sets derived from groups of instruments on both spacecraft. The original system has been upgraded with both new hardware and enhanced software systems. These new systems include color and grey scale graphics terminals, an augmentation computer, micrographics facility, a versatile data base with a directory and data management system, and graphics display software packages.
Smith, P. H.↗
The National Space Science Data Center /NSSDC/ and the World Data Center A for Rockets and Satellites /WDC-A-R&S/ - Their role in X-ray astronomy data
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Locke, M. C.↗
Viking radio science data analysis and synthesis
The rotational motion of Mars and its geophysical ramifications were investigated. Solar system dynamics and the laws of gravitation were also studied. The planetary ephemeris program, which was the central element in data analysis for this project, is described in brief. Viking Lander data were used in the investigation.
Shapiro, I. I.↗
Viking radio science data analysis and synthesis
Viking radio data analysis and synthesis was used for the following: (1) Solar System Model and Data Set; (2) Rotation of Mars; and (3) Solar System Constants and Tests of Relativity.
Shapiro, I. I.↗
Viking Radio Science Data Analysis and Synthesis
The objectives of the analysis of the Viking radio tracking data are: (1) the study of Mars, its rotation, topography, and internal structure; (2) the development of a general dynamical model of the solar system; and (3) tests of the fundamental laws of gravitation. The central element in the data analysis is the Planetary Ephemeris Program (PEP) which embodies the mathematical models of the solar system. The asteroid model in PEP is changed to better estimate the mass of a fictitious uniform ring and the masses of eight separate asteroids. A model of the rotation of Mars include a secular rate of change of the period and both annual and semiannual variations in the phase of rotation. Other modifications to this model are discussed.
Shapiro, I. I.↗
High rate science data handling on Space Station Freedom
A study by NASA's User Information System Working Group for Space Station Freedom (SSF) has determined that the proposed onboard Data Management System, as initially configured, will be incapable of handling the data-generation rates typical of numerous scientific sensor payloads; many of these generate data at rates in excess of 10 Mbps, and there are at least four cases of rates in excess of 300 Mbps. The SSF Working Group has accordingly suggested an alternative conceptual architecture based on technology expected to achieve space-qualified status by 1995. The architecture encompasses recorders with rapid data-ingest capabilities and massive storage capabilities, optical delay lines allowing the recording of only the phenomena of interest, and data flow-compressing image processors.
Handley, Thomas H., Jr.↗
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) science data processing center implementation history
NASA-Goddard is responsible for the development of a ground system for the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) observatory, whose launch is scheduled for 1991. This ground system encompasses a dedicated Central Data Handling Facility (CDHF); attention is presently given to the management of software systems design and implementation phases for CDHF by the UARS organization. Also noted are integration and testing activities performed following software deliveries to the CDHF. The UARS project has an obvious requirement for a powerful and flexible data base management system; an off-the-shelf commercial system has been incorporated.
Herring, Ellen L.↗
Multi-mission space science data processing systems - Past, present, and future
Packetized telemetry that is consistent with the international Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has been baselined for future NASA missions such as Space Station Freedom. Some experiences from past and present multimission systems are examined, including current experiences in implementing a CCSDS standard packetized data processing system, relative to the effectiveness of the multimission approach in lowering life cycle cost and the complexity of meeting new mission needs. It is shown that the continued effort toward standardization of telemetry and processing support will permit the development of multimission systems needed to meet the increased requirements of future NASA missions.
Stallings, William H.↗
Scientific requirements for space science data systems
In the 1990's space plasma physics studies will increasingly involve correlative analysis of observations from multiple instruments and multiple spacecraft. The solar terrestrial physics missions in the 1990's will be designed around simultaneous observations from spacecraft monitoring the solar wind, the polar magnetosphere and the near and distant magnetotail. Within these regions, clusters of spacecraft flying in formation will increasingly involve comparative magnetospheric studies. No single lab will have the expertise to process and analyze all of the different types of data so the data repositories will be distributed. Catalog and browse systems will be required to help select events for study. Data compression techniques may be useful in designing the data bases used for selecting events for study. Data compression onboard the spacecraft will be necessary, since instrument data rates will be much larger than available telemetry rates. However, considerable care will be necessary to avoid losing valuable data when applying data compression algorithms.
Walker, Raymond J.↗
The NASA/National Space Science Data Center trapped radiation environment model program, 1964 - 1991
The major effort that NASA, initially with the help of the United States Air Force (USAF), carried out for 27 years to synthesize the experimental and theoretical results of space research related to energetic charged particles into a quantitative description of the terrestrial trapped radiation environment in the form of model environments is detailed. The effort is called the Trapped Radiation Environment Modeling Program (TREMP). In chapter 2 the historical background leading to the establishment of this program is given. Also, the purpose of this modeling program as established by the founders of the program is discussed. This is followed in chapter 3 by the philosophy and approach that was applied in this program throughout its lifetime. As will be seen, this philosophy led to the continuation of the program long after it would have expired. The highlights of the accomplishments are presented in chapter 4. A view to future possible efforts in this arena is given in chapter 5, mainly to pass on to future workers the differences that are perceived from these many years of experience. Chapter 6 is an appendix that details the chronology of the development of TREMP. Finally, the references, which document the work accomplished over these years, are presented in chapter 7.
Vette, James I.↗
The 1993 Space and Earth Science Data Compression Workshop
The Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is described in terms of its data volume, data rate, and data distribution requirements. Opportunities for data compression in EOSDIS are discussed.
Tilton, James C.↗
Systems aspects of COBE science data compression
A general approach to compression of diverse data from large scientific projects has been developed and this paper addresses the appropriate system and scientific constraints together with the algorithm development and test strategy. This framework has been implemented for the COsmic Background Explorer spacecraft (COBE) by retrofitting the existing VAS-based data management system with high-performance compression software permitting random access to the data. Algorithms which incorporate scientific knowledge and consume relatively few system resources are preferred over ad hoc methods. COBE exceeded its planned storage by a large and growing factor and the retrieval of data significantly affects the processing, delaying the availability of data for scientific usage and software test. Embedded compression software is planned to make the project tractable by reducing the data storage volume to an acceptable level during normal processing.
Freedman, I.↗
High performance compression of science data
In the future, NASA expects to gather over a tera-byte per day of data requiring space for levels of archival storage. Data compression will be a key component in systems that store this data (e.g., optical disk and tape) as well as in communications systems (both between space and Earth and between scientific locations on Earth). We propose to develop algorithms that can be a basis for software and hardware systems that compress a wide variety of scientific data with different criteria for fidelity/bandwidth tradeoffs. The algorithmic approaches we consider are specially targeted for parallel computation where data rates of over 1 billion bits per second are achievable with current technology.
Storer, James A.↗
Publication of science data on CD-ROM: A guide and example
CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory) is becoming the standard media not only in audio recording, but also in the publication of data and information accessible on many computer platforms. Little has been written about the complicated process involved in creating easy-to-use, high quality, and useful CD-ROM's containing scientific data. This document is a manual designed to aid those who are responsible for the publication of scientific data on CD-ROM. All aspects and steps of the procedure are covered, from feasibility assessment through disk design, data preparation, disc mastering, and CD-ROM distribution. General advice and actual examples are based on lessons learned from the publication of scientific data for an interdisciplinary field experiment. Appendices include actual files from a CD-ROM, a purchase request for CD-ROM mastering services, and the disk art for the first disk published for the project.
Angelici, Gary↗