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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2007

XML Flight/Ground Data Dictionary Management

A computer program generates Extensible Markup Language (XML) files that effect coupling between the command- and telemetry-handling software running aboard a spacecraft and the corresponding software running in ground support systems. The XML files are produced by use of information from the flight software and from flight-system engineering. The XML files are converted to legacy ground-system data formats for command and telemetry, transformed into Web-based and printed documentation, and used in developing new ground-system data-handling software. Previously, the information about telemetry and command was scattered in various paper documents that were not synchronized. The process of searching and reading the documents was time-consuming and introduced errors. In contrast, the XML files contain all of the information in one place. XML structures can evolve in such a manner as to enable the addition, to the XML files, of the metadata necessary to track the changes and the associated documentation. The use of this software has reduced the extent of manual operations in developing a ground data system, thereby saving considerable time and removing errors that previously arose in the translation and transcription of software information from the flight to the ground system.

Wright, Jesse↗
NASA NTRS2009

Method and apparatus for obtaining complete speech signals for speech recognition applications

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for obtaining complete speech signals for speech recognition applications. In one embodiment, the method continuously records an audio stream comprising a sequence of frames to a circular buffer. When a user command to commence or terminate speech recognition is received, the method obtains a number of frames of the audio stream occurring before or after the user command in order to identify an augmented audio signal for speech recognition processing. In further embodiments, the method analyzes the augmented audio signal in order to locate starting and ending speech endpoints that bound at least a portion of speech to be processed for recognition. At least one of the speech endpoints is located using a Hidden Markov Model.

Abrash, Victor↗
NASA NTRS2011

Source Lines Counter (SLiC) Version 4.0

Source Lines Counter (SLiC) is a software utility designed to measure software source code size using logical source statements and other common measures for 22 of the programming languages commonly used at NASA and the aerospace industry. Such metrics can be used in a wide variety of applications, from parametric cost estimation to software defect analysis. SLiC has a variety of unique features such as automatic code search, automatic file detection, hierarchical directory totals, and spreadsheet-compatible output. SLiC was written for extensibility; new programming language support can be added with minimal effort in a short amount of time. SLiC runs on a variety of platforms including UNIX, Windows, and Mac OSX. Its straightforward command-line interface allows for customization and incorporation into the software build process for tracking development metrics. T

Monson, Erik W.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Power User Interface

Power User Interface 5.0 (PUI) is a system of middleware, written for expert users in the Earth-science community, PUI enables expedited ordering of data granules on the basis of specific granule-identifying information that the users already know or can assemble. PUI also enables expert users to perform quick searches for orderablegranule information for use in preparing orders. PUI 5.0 is available in two versions (note: PUI 6.0 has command-line mode only): a Web-based application program and a UNIX command-line- mode client program. Both versions include modules that perform data-granule-ordering functions in conjunction with external systems. The Web-based version works with Earth Observing System Clearing House (ECHO) metadata catalog and order-entry services and with an open-source order-service broker server component, called the Mercury Shopping Cart, that is provided separately by Oak Ridge National Laboratory through the Department of Energy. The command-line version works with the ECHO metadata and order-entry process service. Both versions of PUI ultimately use ECHO to process an order to be sent to a data provider. Ordered data are provided through means outside the PUI software system.

Pfister, Robin↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Contextualizing Air Traffic Management Conversations using Natural Language Understanding

Efficient management of air traffic and mitigation of delays depend on extracting actionable information from unstructured data, such as dialogues from the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC) telecons. This study presents a pipeline utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods for Intent Classification (IC) and Slot Filling (SF) to identify and extract Traffic Management Initiatives (TMIs) from aviation-specific dialogues. We leveraged DeBERTa, a pre-trained transformer model, and fine-tuned it to the nuances of the aviation domain. Despite challenges posed by annotation complexities, the IC model achieved promising results with a weighted average F1-score of 0.81. Our results are close to those of human annotators, which demonstrates the model’s strong alignment with human-level performance. The SF model also showed strong performance, achieving a weighted F1-score of 0.97, which demonstrates its effectiveness in accurately predicting key slots. Our analysis revealed limitations in handling less frequent intents and slot labels due to data sparsity, motivating future efforts to adopt joint IC-SF modeling and data augmentation strategies. This research highlights the potential of domain-specific NLP to streamline decision-making in the aviation industry and improve the management of TMIs.

Air Traffic Control Management↗
NASA NTRS2010

Infrared Sensor on Unmanned Aircraft Transmits Time-Critical Wildfire Data

Since 2006, NASA fs Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) and Ames Research Center have been perfecting and demonstrating a new capability for geolocation of wildfires and the real-time delivery of data to firefighters. Managed for the Western States Fire Mission, the Ames-developed Autonomous Modular Scanner (AMS), mounted beneath a wing of DFRC fs MQ-9 Ikhana remotely piloted aircraft, contains an infrared sensor capable of discriminating temperatures within 0.5 F (approx. = 0.3 C), up to 1,000 F (approx. = 540 C). The AMS operates like a digital camera with specialized filters to detect light energy at visible, infrared, and thermal wavelengths. By placing the AMS aboard unmanned aircraft, one can gather information and imaging for thousands of square miles, and provide critical information about the location, size, and terrain around fires to commanders in the field. In the hands of operational agencies, the benefits of this NASA research and development effort can support nationwide wildfire fighting efforts. The sensor also provides data for post-burn and vegetation regrowth analyses. The MQ-9 Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), a version of the Predator-B, can operate over long distances, staying aloft for over 24 hours, and controlled via a satellite-linked command and control system. This same link is used to deliver the fire location data directly to fire incident commanders, in less than 10 minutes from the time of overflight. In the current method, similarly equipped short-duration manned aircraft, with limited endurance and range, must land, hand-carry, and process data, and then deliver information to the firefighters, sometimes taking several hours in the process. Meanwhile, many fires would have moved over great distances and changed direction. Speed is critical. The fire incident commanders must assess a very dynamic situation, and task resources such as people, ground equipment, and retardant-dropping aircraft, often in mountainous terrain obscured by dense smoke.

Pestana, Mark↗
DOE OSTI2016

Planck 2015 results: XXV. Diffuse low-frequency Galactic foregrounds

In this paper, we discuss the Galactic foreground emission between 20 and 100 GHz based on observations by Planck and WMAP. The total intensity in this part of the spectrum is dominated by free-free and spinning dust emission, whereas the polarized intensity is dominated by synchrotron emission. The Commander component-separation tool has been used to separate the various astrophysical processes in total intensity. Comparison with radio recombination line templates verifies the recovery of the free-free emission along the Galactic plane. Comparison of the high-latitude Hα emission with our free-free map shows residuals that correlate with dust optical depth, consistent with a fraction (≈30%) of Hα having been scattered by high-latitude dust. We highlight a number of diffuse spinning dust morphological features at high latitude. There is substantial spatial variation in the spinning dust spectrum, with the emission peak (in I ν ) ranging from below 20 GHz to more than 50 GHz. There is a strong tendency for the spinning dust component near many prominent H ii regions to have a higher peak frequency, suggesting that this increase in peak frequency is associated with dust in the photo-dissociation regions around the nebulae. The emissivity of spinning dust in these diffuse regions is of the same order as previous detections in the literature. Over the entire sky, the Commander solution finds more anomalous microwave emission (AME) than the WMAP component maps, at the expense of synchrotron and free-free emission. This can be explained by the difficulty in separating multiple broadband components with a limited number of frequency maps. Future surveys, particularly at 5–20 GHz, will greatly improve the separation by constraining the synchrotron spectrum. We combine Planck and WMAP data to make the highest signal-to-noise ratio maps yet of the intensity of the all-sky polarized synchrotron emission at frequencies above a few GHz. Most of the high-latitude polarized emission is associated with distinct large-scale loops and spurs, and we re-discuss their structure. We argue that nearly all the emission at 40deg > l > -90deg is part of the Loop I structure, and show that the emission extends much further in to the southern Galactic hemisphere than previously recognised, giving Loop I an ovoid rather than circular outline. However, it does not continue as far as the “Fermi bubble/microwave haze”, making it less probable that these are part of the same structure. We identify a number of new faint features in the polarized sky, including a dearth of polarized synchrotron emission directly correlated with a narrow, roughly 20deg long filament seen in Hα at high Galactic latitude. In conclusion, we look for evidence of polarized AME, however many AME regions are significantly contaminated by polarized synchrotron emission, and we find a 2σ upper limit of 1.6% in the Perseus region.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Visualizing biomolecular electrostatics in virtual reality with UnityMol-APBS

The APBS software was developed to solve the equations of continuum electrostatics for large biomolecular assemblages. APBS has enjoyed widespread adoption throughout the biomedical community and is used in numerous applications involving biomolecular structures. However, visualization of complex biomolecular electrostatic properties can be challenging for two-dimensional graphics systems. Therefore, advanced visualization and manipulation capabilities have been incorporated. In particular, APBS tools have been integrated with the UnityMolX virtual reality platform to provide an immersive experience for preparing biomolecular systems for calculations as well as visualizing and comparing calculated results.

electrostatics, molecular visualization, solvation↗
DOE OSTI2019

Decentralized Signal Processing and Distributed Control of Collaborative Autonomous Networks (17-ERD-101 LDRD Final Report)

Intelligent autonomous sensor networks, often comprised of large numbers of sensors, must be capable of jointly exploiting data collected at each agent in the network, and using that data to optimize their future actions towards multiple mission objectives. Centralized signal processing and optimization solutions process all data and determine all future actions at a single agent, and the resulting information and commands are disseminated back to the network. The communications bandwidth this requires and the single point of failure the central agent represents often make these solutions untenable for national security applications. In this project, several fundamental algorithms for solving both the decentralized signal processing and network optimization were developed, as well as simulation software to validate the results of these algorithms at scale. Specifically, novel algorithms for Bayesian decentralized estimation and decentralized detection and optimization based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) were developed for autonomous sensor networks and published in the literature. The first large scale simulation of autonomous sensor networks (1000 agents) was conducted on this project, validating the performance of the developed algorithms. These algorithms and simulation tools are critical components of any decentralized autonomous network and have current and future national security applications, including distributed sensor networks for detection, estimation, and tracking problems, and large decentralized cyber-physical infrastructure such as the power grid.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Benefits of using Electronic Data Sheets (EDS) with coreFlight Systems (cFS) - A Project Example

Recently there has been interest in the incorporation of core Flight Systems (cFS) with Spacecraft Onboard Interface Services (SOIS) Electronic Data Sheets (EDS) in the spaceflight software community. The Regenerative Fuel Cell project at the Glenn Research Center is using cFS architecture with EDS support for its monitoring and control software. The presentation will outline the benefits to using cFS with EDS support: First, EDS establishes a single source of truth for the definitions of data structures used throughout an entire mission that may otherwise be programmed in different languages and designed with different processor architectures. Not only does this help with inter-application communication via the software bus, but it also greatly simplifies communication between systems. An EDS Application Programming Interface (API) library allows the conversion of EDS data structures to and from native data structures. Second, bindings for other programming languages (e.g. Lua, Python, JSON) have been written to allow the creation and manipulation of EDS data objects within those languages. The RFC project uses Lua scripts to automatically generate binary configuration files at build time to be loaded into our cFS programs. We also use Python bindings in a graphical user interface (GUI) to allow an operator to send commands and view telemetry messages sent from cFS instances. Finally, using Lua scripts we can set up specific simulation scenarios to perform automatic functional testing. During the development of the RFC software, the software team put together a generic python GUI called “cFS-EDS-GroundStation” that provides a basic interface to an instance of cFS with EDS support. The GUI includes a basic telecommand and telemetry system that reads directly from the generated EDS databases. In the telecommand system, dropdown menus are populated with all user commands that are defined in EDS. In the telemetry system, telemetry messages are automatically decoded, written to the screen, and saved to a binary file. Additional Python scripts have been written to convert the binary data files into a comma separated value (CSV) format for further processing. We will demonstrate the basic use of the cFS-EDS-GroundStation software including adding additional commands and telemetry payload values in EDS and see them appear automatically in the cFS-EDS-Groundstation software. About the RFC project: The Regenerative Fuel Cell project is tasked with developing and demonstrating a power system consisting of a fuel cell and electrolyzer to provide power during a lunar day/night cycle. During the night, the fuel cell takes Hydrogen and Oxygen gasses and converts them into electricity, water, and heat. During the day, the electrolyzer takes input power (e.g. from a photovoltaic array) and converts water back into Hydrogen and Oxygen gasses.

Mathew Mccaskey↗
DOE OSTI2017

Velocity and Turbulence Measurements at Three Locations in the Salish Sea, WA, 2017

This submission contains raw and processed datasets of water velocity and turbulence measurements from 3-day deployments of Deepwater Buoyancy StableMoor buoys carrying acoustic Doppler instrumentation at locations in Rosario Strait, Bellingham Channel, and Tacoma Narrows, WA in 2017. Two StableMoor buoy configurations were used at these sites. The StableMoor500 carried a nose-mounted acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) and a down-looking acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP), and the StableMoor400 carried dual wing-mounted ADVs located on either side of the nose and a down-looking ADCP. Each StableMoor was designed to fly at an altitude of 10 m above the seafloor. The StableMoor500 was deployed in Bellingham Channel at 48.5601 N, 122.7501 W in 86 m of water from July 24, 2017 - July 27, 2017. The down-looking ADCP malfunctioned, and therefore there is no ADCP data at this site. The StableMoor400 was deployed in Rosario Strait mooring at 48.5800 N, 122.6597 W in 52 m of water from July 24, 2017 - July 27, 2017. Both buoys were deployed in Tacoma Narrows at 47.2766 N, 122.5466 W and 47.2769 N, 122.5471 W in 36 m of water from Nov 14, 2017 - Nov 17, 2017. Nortek Vector ADV measurements were recorded continuously at 16 Hz. Data was motion-corrected using the internal measurement unit (IMU) and external ADCP bottom-track data, bin-averaged into 10 minute bins, and then converted to the Principal (streamwise, cross-stream, vertical) coordinate system. Parameters include water velocity, turbulence intensity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) components, Reynolds shear stress components, TKE dissipation and production. Teledyne RDI Workhorse 1200 kHz ADCP measurements were recorded continuously at 2 Hz with bottom-track enabled. Water velocity was averaged into 10 minute bins and converted into the Principal coordinate system. One ADV with the highest quality motion-corrected was fully processed from each deployment site: the nose-mounted ADV at Bellingham Channel, the starboard-wing mounted ADV at Rosario Strait, and the port-wing mounted ADV at Tacoma Narrows. Raw data stored in this submission can be read using DOLfYN v1.3.1, available through the MHKiT python package, and was processed using Tsdat v0.7.5. Processed data are stored in netCDF4 format and can be easily viewed using the Linux "ncdump" command or read through the Xarray python package.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
NASA NTRS1975

A CCD image transducer and processor suitable for space flight

A satellite borne extreme ultraviolet solar telescope makes use of CCD area arrays for both image readout and onboard data processing. The instrument is designed to view the inner solar corona in the wavelength band 170 - 630 A, and the output video stream may be selected by ground command to present the coronal scene, or the time-rate-of-change of the scene. Details of the CCD application to onboard image processing are described, and a discussion of the processor's potential for telemetry bandwidth compression is included. Optical coupling methods, data storage requirements, spatial and temporal resolution, and nonsymmetry of resolution (pitch) in the CCD are discussed.

Michels, D. J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Raptor

Raptor is an efficient Python-based tool for predicting the formation and morphology of stochastic lack of fusion defects in metal AM processes. A major obstacle for the qualification and certification of additively manufactured parts in critical applications continues to be performance variability caused in part by porosity-related defects. High-fidelity process models that could predict these defect features are currently too computationally expensive for component-level analysis. To address this, Raptor employs a high-performance geometric method to model the dynamic melt pool rather than relying on computationally intensive thermal fluid dynamics. This allows Raptor to rapidly identify regions of unmelted material that correspond to lack of fusion pores. The efficiency of this approach significantly reduces the time and resources needed for generating 3D defect predictions, which enables users to conduct large-scale parameter studies and evaluate how process variations affect part quality. The framework offers operational flexibility; users can execute simulations through a simple command line interface or integrate core functions as a library within larger computational workflows. Simulation outputs include 3D porosity maps for visualization and tools for quantitative morphological analysis. These results are suitable for direct comparison with experimental characterization data from methods such as X-ray computed tomography and can be used for statistical process optimization.

Subraveti, Vamsi [Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN ↗
DOE OSTI2021

WLCG Token Usage and Discovery

Since 2017, the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) has been working towards enabling token based authentication and authorisation throughout its entire middleware stack. Following the publication of the WLCG Common JSON Web Token (JWT) Schema v1.0 [1] in 2019, middleware developers have been able to enhance their services to consume and validate the JWT-based [2] OAuth2.0 [3] tokens and process the authorization information they convey. Complex scenarios, involving multiple delegation steps and command line flows, are a key challenge to be addressed in order for the system to be fully operational. This paper expands on the anticipated token based workflows, with a particular focus on local storage of tokens and their discovery by services. The authors include a walk-through of this token flow in the RUCIO managed data-transfer scenario, including delegation to FTS and authorised access to storage elements. Next steps are presented, including the current target of submitting production jobs authorised by Tokens within 2021.

Bockelman, Brian↗
DOE OSTI2023

BaseBuddy v1

The software "BaseBuddy" (basebuddy.lbl.gov) is a user-friendly web app designed for codon optimization of heterologous genes. Codon optimization is a widely used technique to enhance the expression levels of non-native genes. Our app is built on the DNA Chisel Python library (Zulkower and Rosser, 2020), which offers highly customizable and transparent gene optimization. Unlike DNA Chisel, which is a command-line interface software with numerous optional functions, our web app simplifies the process for users. Additionally, while DNA Chisel relies on the outdated Kazusa codon usage database, our app introduces the option to utilize the most recent version of the CoCoPUTs database (Athey et al., 2017). By incorporating CoCoPUTs, we also expand the range of target organisms and maintain up-to-date sequencing data for more accurate codon optimization results.

Schmidt, Matthias↗
DOE OSTI2023

Deployment of ADTimePix3 areaDetector Driver at Neutron and X-ray User Facilities

TimePix3 is a 65k hybrid pixel readout chip with simultaneous Time-of-Arrival (ToA) and Time-over-Threshold (ToT) recording in each pixel*. The chip operates without a trigger signal with a sparse readout where only pixels containing events are read out. The flexible architecture allows 40 MHits/s/cm² readout throughput, using simultaneous readout and acquisition by sharing readout logic with transport logic of superpixel matrix formed using 2x4 structure. The chip ToA records 1.5625 ns time resolution. The X-ray and charged particle events are counted directly. However, indirect neutron counts use 6Li fission in a scintillator matrix, such as ZnS(Ag). The fission space-charge region is limited to 5-9 um. A photon from scintillator material excites a photocathode electron, which is further multiplied in dual-stack MCP. The neutron count event is a cluster of electron events at the chip. We report on the EPICS areaDetector** ADTimePix3 driver that controls Serval*** using json commands. The driver directs data to storage and to a real-time processing pipeline and configures the chip. The time-stamped data are stored in raw .tpx3 file format and passed through a socket where the clustering software identifies individual neutron events. The conventional 2D images are available as images for each exposure frame, and a preview is useful for sample alignment. The areaDetector driver allows integration of time-enhanced capabilities of this detector into SNS beamlines controls and unprecedented time resolution.

Gofron, Kaz↗
NASA NTRS1972

Study of the detail content of Apollo orbital photography

The results achieved during a study of the Detail Content of Apollo Orbital Photography are reported. The effect of residual motion smear or image reproduction processes upon the detail content of lunar surface imagery obtained from the orbiting command module are assessed. Data and conclusions obtained from the Apollo 8, 12, 14 and 15 missions are included. For the Apollo 8, 12 and 14 missions, the bracket-mounted Hasselblad camera had no mechanism internal to the camera for motion compensation. If the motion of the command module were left totally uncompensated, these photographs would exhibit a ground smear varying from 12 to 27 meters depending upon the focal length of the lens and the exposure time. During the photographic sequences motion compensation was attempted by firing the attitude control system of the spacecraft at a rate to compensate for the motion relative to the lunar surface. The residual smear occurring in selected frames of imagery was assessed using edge analyses methods to obtain and achieved modulation transfer function (MTF) which was compared to a baseline MTF.

Kinzly, R. E.↗