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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Analyzing Residential Charging Demand for Light-Duty Electric Vehicles in Colorado

The past decade has witnessed a remarkable surge in adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). The momentum is expected to continue with strong support from governments and industry. Rapid EV adoption will add significant electricity demand, making it critical to plan for and manage EV charging to avoid causing additional stress and non-negligible risks to the already-aging power grid. To help power grid operators understand the impacts of residential EV charging and identify risk factors, this study presents a data-driven charging demand analysis for light-duty vehicles. This study considers two real-world grid service regions in Colorado and merges multiple data sources and state-of-the-art tools that characterize EV adoption projections, vehicle travel patterns, seasonal variations, residential charging accessibility, ambient temperature impact, EV charging behaviors, grid utility customers, vehicle registration, and household-level EV charging demand distribution. We characterize potential residential charging demand in 2030 for two regions within the state of Colorado: Boulder and Aurora regions. We project that EVs will be 26% of the light-duty vehicle population in Boulder and 16% in Aurora areas. Charging demand is characterized for ten power grid feeders (five for each study region). Across the ten feeders, peak total EV charging powers during wintertime range from less than 1 MW to more than 4 MW.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
NASA NTRS1977

Proceedings of the Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference: Executive Summary

Aerospace environments are reviewed in reference to spacecraft charging. Modelling, a theoretical scheme which can be used to describe the structure of the sheath around the spacecraft and to calculate the charging currents within, is discussed. Materials characterization is considered for experimental determination of the behavior of typical spacecraft materials when exposed to simulated geomagnetic substorm conditions. Materials development is also examined for controlling and minimizing spacecraft charging or at least for distributing the charge in an equipotential manner, using electrical conductive surfaces for materials exposed to space environment.

Pike, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Charged polymers in high dimensions

A Monte Carlo study of charged polymers with either homogeneously distributed frozen charges or with mobile charges has been performed in four and five space dimensions. The results are consistent with the renormalization-group predictions and contradict the predictions of Flory-type theory. Introduction of charge mobility does not modify the behavior of the polymers.

Kantor, Yacov↗
DOE OSTI2024

Analyzing Residential Charging Demand for Light-Duty Electric Vehicles in Colorado: Preprint

The past decade has witnessed the rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). The momentum is expected to continue with strong support from the government and industry. Rapid EV adoption brings significant charging demand to the power grid, causing additional stress and non-negligible risks to the already-aging power grid. To help power grid operators understand the impacts of EV home charging on the grid and identify risk factors, this study presents a data-driven residential charging demand analysis for light-duty vehicles. This study considers two real-world grid service regions in Colorado and merges multiple data sources and state-of-the-art tools that characterize EV adoption projections, vehicle travel patterns, seasonal variations, residential charging accessibility, ambient temperature impact, EV charging behaviors, grid utility customers, vehicle registration, and household-level EV charging demand distribution. We characterize potential residential charging demand in 2030 for two regions within the state of Colorado: Boulder and Aurora. We project that EVs will be 26% of the light-duty vehicle population in Boulder and 16% in Aurora. Charging demand is characterized for ten power grid feeders (five for each study region). Across the ten feeders, peak total EV charging powers during wintertime range from less than 1 MW to more than 4 MW.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
NASA NTRS1987

Effects of non-Maxwellian electron velocity distribution functions and nonspherical geometry on minor ions in the solar wind

A previous model has shown that in order to account for the charge state distribution in the low-speed solar wind, a high coronal temperature is necessary and that this temperature peak goes together with a peak of nx/np in the corona. In the present paper, one of the assumptions made previously, i.e., that coronal electrons are Maxwellian, is relaxed, and a much cooler model is presented, which could account for the same oxygen charge states in the solar wind due to the inclusion of non-Maxwellian electrons. Also, due to a different choice of the coronal magnetic field geometry, this model would show no enhancement of the coronal nx/np. Results of the two models are then compared, and observational tests to distinguish between the two scenarios are proposed: comparison of directly measured coronal Te to charge state measurements in the solar wind, determination of the coronal nx/np measurement of ion speeds in the acceleration region of the solar wind, and measurement of the frozen-in silicon charge state distribution.

Burgi, A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Iron charge states observed in the solar wind

Solar wind measurements from the ULECA sensor of the Max-Planck-Institut/University of Maryland experiment on ISEE-3 are reported. The low energy section of approx the ULECA sensor selects particles by their energy per charge (over the range 3.6 keV/Q to 30 keV/Q) and simultaneously measures their total energy with two low-noise solid state detectors. Solar wind Fe charge state measurements from three time periods of high speed solar wind occurring during a post-shock flow and a coronal hole-associated high speed stream are presented. Analysis of the post-shock flow solar wind indicates the charge state distributions for Fe were peaked at approx +16, indicative of an unusually high coronal temperature (3,000,000 K). In contrast, the Fe charge state distribution observed in a coronal hole-associated high speed stream peaks at approx -9, indicating a much lower coronal temperature (1,400,000 K). This constitutes the first reported measurements of iron charge states in a coronal hole-associated high speed stream.

Ipavich, F. M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Forecasting EV Charging Demand on the Distribution System

The U.S. transportation and electricity sectors have historically operated independently, but the growth of electric vehicles (EVs) is driving their convergence. After decades of stagnant demand, utilities must prepare for rising load growth, driven in part by transportation electrification. Utilities must anticipate when and where these new loads will materialize to effectively manage EV growth and maintain grid reliability. This presentation outlines NREL's approach to developing high-resolution EV load datasets for distribution planning, with insights from the Multi-State Transportation Electrification Impact Study on EV and load forecasting, infrastructure requirements, and managed charging strategies.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
NASA NTRS2013

Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Northwest Photon Dominated Region of NGC 7023. I. PAH Size, Charge, Composition, and Structure Distribution

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission in the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectral map of the northwest photon dominated region (PDR) in NGC 7023 was analyzed exclusively using PAH spectra from the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database (www.astrochem.org/pahdb). The 5-15 micron spectrum at each pixel is fitted using a non-negative-least-squares fitting approach. The fits are of good quality, allowing decomposition of the PAH emission into four subclasses: size, charge, composition, and hydrogen adjacency (structure). Maps tracing PAH subclass distributions across the region paint a coherent astrophysical picture. Once past some 20 seconds of arc from HD 200775, the emission is dominated by the more stable, large, symmetric, compact PAH cations with smaller, neutral PAHs taking over along the lines-of-sight toward the more distant molecular cloud. The boundary between the PDR and the denser cloud material shows up as a distinct discontinuity in the breakdown maps. Noteworthy is the requirement for PANH cations to fit the bulk of the 6.2 and 11.0 micron features and the indication of PAH photo-dehydrogenation and fragmentation close to HD 200775. Decomposition of the spectral maps into "principal" subclass template spectra provides additional insight into the behavior of each subclass. However, the general applicability of this computationally more efficient approach is presently undetermined. This is the first time the spectra of individual PAHs are exclusively used to fit the 5-15 micron region and analyze the spatial behavior of the aromatic infrared bands, providing fundamental, new information about astronomical PAH subpopulations including their dependence on, and response to, changes in local conditions.

northwest photon↗
DOE OSTI2020

Optimizing workplace charging facility deployment and smart charging strategies

This study introduces a workplace charging (WPC) optimization model that maximizes the total satisfied electric miles of employees’ plug-in electric vehicles, subject to a given annual budget. The model optimizes both planning decisions of charger number and power levels and operation decisions of charging spot assignment and charging schedule for the given temporal distribution of charging demands and varied electricity prices. Results of experiments based on national average travel data indicate that the actual WPC strategy varies by budget level. Through optimization, the strategy could reduce impacts of the varied electricity price by shifting charging schedules to periods when electricity prices are low. Also, the model is expanded to study the trade-off between providing WPC and addressing consequence of degraded charging service by including the per-mile shadow cost of unsatisfied charging demand. Finally, we observe that their relative competitiveness mainly depends on the actual shadow cost of WPC.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
NASA NTRS1982

Harmonic well matter densities and Pauli correlation effects in heavy-ion collisions

A generalized optical model heavy ion reaction theory is extended to include correlation effects between projectile and target constituents according to the Pauli exclusion principle. These correlation effects are significant for accurately predicting cross sections for projectile nucleus abrasions, but are relatively unimportant for determining total and absorption cross sections for heavy ion collisions. For lighter nuclei, predictive capabilities were also improved by developing an analytic method for extracting their nuclear single particle density distributions from experimentally measured harmonic well charge density distributions. This improved theory is compared with previous theoretical predictions and recent experimental results.

Townsend, L. W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The effects of electrostatic charging on the dust distribution at Halley's Comet

The distribution of fine dust near Comet Halley at its 1910 and 1986 apparitions is investigated by means of computer simulations, taking the effects of EM forces due to the dust electrostatic charge into account. It is found that the nucleus spin period and orbital obliquity estimated by Sekanina and Larson (1984) from the 1910 observations are unaffected by these EM forces because the 1910 dust morphology involved mainly large grains. For 1986, the orientation of the smaller dust is shown to depend on the interplanetary magnetic field, with implications for the dust distribution encountered by the Halley probes.

Horanyi, M.↗
DOE OSTI2021

An efficient computational framework for charge density estimation in twisted bilayer graphene

Electronic properties such as band structure and Fermi velocity in low-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) are intrinsically dependent on the atomic structure. Rigid rotation between individual graphene layers provides an approximate description of the bilayer symmetry. Upon relaxation, in-plane displacement of the atoms in low angle TBG causes a change in the symmetry through the enlargement of the AB stacking regions and the reduction in size of AA and SP stacking regions. However, the effect of this in-plane relaxation on the charge density remains unexplored, because the necessary electronic structure calculations of such large supercells of low twist angle TBG are computationally infeasible. Therefore, we develop a computationally efficient framework that enables the exploration of the charge density symmetry of the low twist angle TBG. This framework is based on the Fourier representation of the charge density which presents high intensity Bragg peaks. Here we find that with the decrease of twist angle, low intensity satellite peaks also become apparent. Our framework incorporates these satellite peaks which reveals transformation of symmetry in the charge density distribution from high to low twist angle TBG. One striking outcome is the demonstration of the electron localization in the AA region of low twist angle TBG. Our framework helps to explain the effect of the atomistic relaxation on the charge density distribution and thus, it provides information about exotic electronic properties of low twist angle TBG at a low computational expense.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Nuclear charge radii of Na isotopes: Interplay of atomic and nuclear theory

The accuracy of atomic theory calculations limits the extraction of nuclear charge radii from isotope shift measurements of odd-proton nuclei. For Na isotopes, though precise spectroscopic measurements have existed for more than half a century, calculations by different methods offer a wide range of values. Here, we present accurate atomic calculations to reliably extract the Na charge radii. By combining experimental matter radii with nuclear coupled-cluster calculations based on nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces, we constrain the parameters obtained from the atomic calculations. Furthermore, this study guides atomic theory and highlights the importance of using accurate atomic and nuclear computations in our understanding of the size of light nuclei.

20 ≤ A ≤ 38↗
NASA NTRS1992

Solar wind iron and oxygen charge states and relative abundances measured by SWICS on Ulysses

We present the results of a survey of iron and oxygen charge state distributions as detected by the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer on the Ulysses spacecraft. The results are categorized in terms of the ionization temperature determined every approximately 13 minute instrument cycle from the O(+7) to O(+6) ratio. Our preliminary Fe/O abundance ratio is 0.12 averaged over this 3 month survey. The Fe charge state distributions accumulated during times of high oxygen ionization temperatures are clearly nonisothermal.

Ipavich, F. M.↗