Voltage breakdown in spacecraft flight systems - A design problem
Spacecraft flight systems voltage breakdown due to DC gas discharge, discussing occurrence and preventive techniques
Stern, J. E.↗
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Survey of the RANT plasma and breakdown models
Mathematical models predicting reentry plasma effects on admittance, attenuation, isolation, and breakdown characteristics of antenna systems
Fante, R. L.↗
Numerical study of axisymmetric vortex breakdowns
Axisymmetric flow of rotating stream analyzed to determine conditions allowing isolated vortex breakdown to develop
Kopecky, R. M.↗
Laser induced gas breakdown: spectroscopic and chemical studies
Q switched laser induced gas breakdown used in hydrogen atom detection, spectral analysis, and chemical reactions
De Montgolfier, P.↗
Low-voltage arc and breakdown effects in xenon- filled thermionic diodes
Cylindrical Xe filled thermionic diodes breakdown and low voltage arcs at various pressures and interelectrode distances
Forman, R.↗
Vortex breakdown on slender sharp-edged wings
Vortex breakdown on slender sharp edged and modified delta wings with varying sweep angles investigated in wind tunnel using schlieren system for flow visualization
Kohlman, D. L.↗
High power electrical breakdown tests of cracked-insulator collector sheaths with flowing liquid metal coolant
Breakdown voltage and high power tests for pressure bonded collector sheath tubes with cracked alumina insulators and flowing liquid metal coolant
Danko, J. C.↗
On the breakdown of the molecular chaos in the presence of translational nonequilibrium
Molecular chaos breakdown under shear flow, calculating thermodynamic fluctuation formula for unlimited Reynolds number increase
Tsuge, S.↗
Prevention of electrical breakdown in spacecraft
Spacecraft-borne high voltage system breakdown prevention by avoiding high electric field and critical gas pressure
Burrowbridge, D. R.↗
Novel dielectric reduces corona breakdown in ac capacitors
Dielectric system was developed which consists of two layers of 25-gage paper separated by one layer of 50-gage polypropylene to reduce corona breakdown in ac capacitors. System can be used in any alternating current application where constant voltage does not exceed 400 V rms. With a little research it could probably be increased to 700 to 800 V rms.
Loehner, J. L.↗
Vortex equations: Singularities, numerical solution, and axisymmetric vortex breakdown
A method of weighted residuals for the computation of rotationally symmetric quasi-cylindrical viscous incompressible vortex flow is presented and used to compute a wide variety of vortex flows. The method approximates the axial velocity and circulation profiles by series of exponentials having (N + 1) and N free parameters, respectively. Formal integration results in a set of (2N + 1) ordinary differential equations for the free parameters. The governing equations are shown to have an infinite number of discrete singularities corresponding to critical values of the swirl parameters. The computations point to the controlling influence of the inner core flow on vortex behavior. They also confirm the existence of two particular critical swirl parameter values: one separates vortex flow which decays smoothly from vortex flow which eventually breaks down, and the second is the first singularity of the quasi-cylindrical system, at which point physical vortex breakdown is thought to occur.
Bossel, H. H.↗
An interlaboratory comparison of piston-cylinder pressure calibration using the albite-breakdown reaction.
An attempt is made to compare pressure calibration methods among several laboratories in an unbiased way to produce some indication of the bandwidth of observations on the pressure of an equilibrium reaction where sources of discrepancy not resulting from pressure calibration are likely to have been eliminated. The reaction chosen is the breakdown of albite to jadeite and quartz under pressure.
Johannes, W.↗
Dielectric breakdown in a dilute plasma.
Description of tests performed to determine the effects of high voltages on dielectrics that are to insulate solar cell arrays operating at voltages up to 16 kV from the electrically active plasma of the space environment at 500 km altitude. The tests were performed on dielectrics considered for this application at positive bias voltages as high as 20 kV dc relative to ground in an argon plasma with electron number densities of approximately one million per cu cm. Teflon specimens displayed higher breakdown voltages than all other dielectrics tested.
Mckinzie, D. J., Jr.↗
Cosmic rays in a random magnetic field: Breakdown of the quasilinear derivation of the kinetic equation
The problem of deriving a kinetic equation for the cosmic ray distribution function in a random magnetic field is considered. A model is adopted which is mathematically simple but which contains the essential physics. The perturbation expansion upon which the quasi-linear treatment is based is investigated. The existence of resonant particles causes the breakdown of the adiabatic approximation frequently used in this theory. Resonant particles cause a general secular growth of higher order terms in the expansion which invalidates the entire perturbative approach.
Kaiser, T. B.↗
Ionizing gas breakdown waves in strong electric fields.
A previous analysis by Albright and Tidman (1972) of the structure of an ionizing potential wave driven through a dense gas by a strong electric field is extended to include atomic structure details of the background atoms and radiative effects, especially, photoionization. It is found that photoionization plays an important role in avalanche propagation. Velocities, electron densities, and temperatures are presented as a function of electric field for both negative and positive breakdown waves in nitrogen.
Klingbeil, R.↗
Breakdown phenomena in reverse biased silicon solar cells.
Solar cell reverse current-voltage characteristics have been found to vary widely and to be generally unstable. At reverse voltages greater than approximately 20 V and at cell power dissipations of more than 4 W, the probability of permanent breakdown, resulting in cell short-circuit failure, was found to increase with increasing voltage and exposure time. Shorted cells showed evidence of cell contact material and silicon melting in very localized areas with lava-like flow patterns and channels bridging the p and n contacts.
Rauschenbach, H. S.↗
Aircraft wake dissipation by sinusoidal instability and vortex breakdown.
Sinusoidal instability of aircraft trailing vortices was induced by differentially oscillating inboard and outboard flaps on a model wing in a ship towing tank. Measured amplification rates qualitatively agree with theoretical predictions. Axial velocities in the vortex core were directed towards the wing and measured to be approximately 25% of the tow speed. Vortex breakdown was observed to occur along trailers undergoing sinusoidal instability near but ahead (towards the wing) of positions of maximum trailer separation. It is shown that axisymmetric pressure gradients are imposed along the vortex core by the other sinusoidally deformed trailer and are responsible for the observed changes in core diameter. A theoretical model predicts the short-time behavior of the vortex core and shows that the response of the vortex depends crucially on the axial velocity in the vortex.
Bilanin, A. J.↗
Handbook for preparation of work breakdown structures
Guidelines are presented for development of work breakdown structures (WBS) for NASA programs, projects, and contracts. The WBS were developed by starting with the end objective required and successively subdividing it into manageable components in terms of size and complexity, such as program, project, system, subsystems, components, tasks, subtasks, and work elements.
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