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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Retraction of cold-drawn polyethylene - Influence of lamellar thickness and density.

The role of crystal morphology in the retraction of oriented linear polyethylene was studied utilizing samples crystallized under conditions controlled to vary, separately, lamellar crystal thickness and density. Samples were oriented in a simple shear deformation to a strain of 4.0 prior to measuring retraction tendency in creep- and relaxation-type tests. Characterizations of specimens were made using wide- and small-angle x-ray techniques. The specific morphological variations were chosen to test the hypothesis that a long-range elastic restoring force can originate in conjunction with deformation of lamellar crystals and the consequent increase in lamellar crystal surface area and surface free energy. The results support this hypothesis.

Falender, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

+Gz tolerance after 14 days bed rest and the effects of rehydration.

Measurement of the reduction in centrifugation tolerance after two weeks of bedrest with moderate daily exercise, with an attempt to determine if rehydration improves +Gz tolerance. There were significant reductions in +Gz tolerance during bedrest periods at three acceleration levels. Rehydration resulted in a significant increase in tolerance at 2.1G but it did not restore tolerance to control levels. Rehydration did not affect tolerance at 3.2G and 3.8G.

Greenleaf, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Potential applications of NASA-developed technology to problems of the environment.

The life-support mission of NASA has the same broad objectives as the national imperatives toward environmental restoration: pure air, clean water, and reuse of resources. The major difference is the vast scale of the environment, compared to the very small scale of spacecraft, even including the largest space stations now projected. For this reason, the devices developed for manned spacecraft life support will be of much less interest than the techniques that have emerged from NASA-sponsored research and development. Several immediate applications in air and water purification can be cited, and several other long-term potential applications may also be considered.

Ross, L. W.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Magnetic field fluctuations during substorms.

Before a magnetospheric substorm and during its early phases, the magnetic field magnitude in the geomagnetic tail increases and field lines in the night-time hemisphere assume a more tail-like configuration. Before the substorm onset, a minimum amount of magnetic flux is observed to cross the neutral sheet which means that the neutral sheet currents attain their most earthward locations and their greatest current densities. This field configuration apparently results from an increased transport of magnetic flux to the tail caused by a southward interplanetary magnetic field. The field begins relaxing toward a more dipolar configuration at the time of a substorm onset with the recovery probably occurring first between 6 and 10 earth radii and later at greater distances. This recovery must be associated with magnetospheric convection which restores magnetic flux to the dayside hemisphere.

Fairfield, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Shock wave oscillation driven by turbulent boundary layer fluctuations

Pressure fluctuations due to the interaction of a shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer were investigated. A simple model is proposed in which the shock wave is convected from its mean position by velocity fluctuations in the turbulent boundary layer. Displacement of the shock is assumed limited by a linear restoring mechanism. Predictions of peak root mean square pressure fluctuation and spectral density are in excellent agreement with available experimental data.

Plotkin, K. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Digital image processing for photo-reconnaissance applications

Digital image-processing techniques developed for processing pictures from NASA space vehicles are analyzed in terms of enhancement, quantitative restoration, and information extraction. Digital filtering, and the action of a high frequency filter in the real and Fourier domain are discussed along with color and brightness.

Billingsley, F. C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Unified Approach to the Biomechanics of Dental Implantology

The human need for safe and effective dental implants is well-recognized. Although many implant designs have been tested and are in use today, a large number have resulted in clinical failure. These failures appear to be due to biomechanical effects, as well as biocompatibility and surgical factors. A unified approach is proposed using multidisciplinary systems technology, for the study of the biomechanical interactions between dental implants and host tissues. The approach progresses from biomechanical modeling and analysis, supported by experimental investigations, through implant design development, clinical verification, and education of the dental practitioner. The result of the biomechanical modeling, analysis, and experimental phases would be the development of scientific design criteria for implants. Implant designs meeting these criteria would be generated, fabricated, and tested in animals. After design acceptance, these implants would be tested in humans, using efficient and safe surgical and restorative procedures. Finally, educational media and instructional courses would be developed for training dental practitioners in the use of the resulting implants.

Grenoble, D. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Skylab attitude control and angular momentum desaturation with one double-gimbaled control moment gyro

In case two control moment gyros fail, attitude control of Skylab can be maintained with the thruster attitude control system. This results, however, in a severely increased fuel consumption, depleting the fuel in a few days. Therefore, an alternate concept was developed which does not have large fuel consumption under any circumstances. In this concept the attitude reference is commanded to oscillate in the orbital plane with twice the orbital frequency and the remaining control moment gyro controls about orbital north and about the minimum moment-of-inertia axis, while the thruster attitude control system controls rate only about the remaining axis. This rate control in conjunction with the restoring torque due to the gravity gradient will keep bounded the excursion of the minimum moment-of-inertia axis out of the orbital plane. This alternate concept has the additional advantage that it needs no information on the principal moment-of-inertia axes misalignment and is completely insensitive to star tracker failure. Proper phasing of the attitude reference oscillation even allows angular momentum desaturation, which is responsible for the insensitivity of the thruster fuel consumption to unknown disturbances, like vent torques and magnetic torques.

Kennel, H. F.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Heat treatment effects in Cu2S-CdS heterojunction photovoltaic cells

The optical and electronic properties of single crystal Cu2S-CdS photovoltaic cells were investigated. In these cells trapped charge near the interface which is manifested by a persistent increase in junction capacitance (the photocapacitance) plays a significant role in determining the carrier transport properties. It was found that the severe degradation in short-circuit current observed in heat-treated cells can be separated into two components: (1) a relatively small thermal component occurring on heat-treatment in the dark, and (2) a much larger degradation caused by exposure to light at room temperature. By a short additional heat-treatment above approximately 100 C the cell can be completely restored to its condition before the optically caused degradation with no effect on the depletion layer width.

Fahrenbruch, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The Cyclic Mechanical and Fatigue Properties of Ferroanelastic Beta Prime Gold Cadmium

The fatigue behavior of beta prime Au1.05Cd0.95 alloy was investigated and found to be exceptional for certain orientations with lives of 10,000 to 1,000,000 cycles at total strain amplitudes above 0.05 not uncommon. Fatigue lives were influenced principally by the stress level which controlled the amount of plastic deformation, and stress fatigue resistance was low compared with most metals. Failure always exhibited brittle characteristics. An algorithm was devised to predict mechanical behavior from the twin system orientations and was found in good agreement with experiment for longitudinal strains above 0.04. The cyclic mechanical properties were examined, and a model for the behavior was proposed utilizing previous theories of the restoring force and the Peierls-Nabarro stress for twinning and new concepts. Gold-cadmium was found to have certain strain fatigue resistant applications, particularly in electronics where the alloy's high electrical conductivity is utilized.

Karz, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Active cleaning techniques for removing contamination from optical surfaces in space

Research in developing an active cleaning technique for removing contaminants from optical surfaces in space is reported. In situ contamination/cleaning experiments were conducted on gold and platimum coated mirrors, which were contaminated by exposure to UV radiation in a 1,3, butadiene environment. Argon and oxygen plasma exposure cleaned the mirrors equally well. Silicone cleaning experiments were also conducted. Exposure of the contaminated mirrors to helium, oxygen, and hydrogen plasmas restored the reflectance at the shorter wavelengths and degraded it at the longer wavelengths.

Shannon, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Cleaning of contaminated channel electron multiplier arrays.

Polymerized organic materials found in vacuum systems frequently contaminate the individual channels (which can be as small as 15 microns) of an oil-pumped channel electron multiplier array used as a vacuum UV- to visible-radiation conversion device. It is shown that exposure to an oxygen plasma is an effective means of decontaminating the channels, thereby restoring the sensitivity of the device.

Harlow, F. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Resolution improvement of remote sensing data.

Discussion of the theory of a technique for image restoration in the reconstruction of a spatial input scene mapped by a line scanner. Special attention is given to the application of this technique in reducing the data telemetered from the Infrared Scanning Radiometer of the Apollo 17 spacecraft. The technique is based on the theory of splines and uses the results of optimal approximation studies by Colomb (1959), Sard (1967), and Anselone (1968). A recursive algorithm is also developed to improve the reconstruction. The study treats a one-dimensional case, but the treatment can be readily extended to multi-dimensional situations.

Caprihan, A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Single step detection of blurred images in a coherent optical processor.

Two important operations that can be performed by coherent optical processing systems are image detection and image restoration. These operations require complex spatial filters, and if both operations are to be performed, cascaded processing stages employing two separate spatial filters are usually needed. Spatial filters are described that will perform in a single step both operations simultaneously, thus eliminating the need for extra processing stages while providing the advantages of higher efficiency and smaller space requirements. The filters are characterized by their simplicity and are easily fabricated using conventional techniques. Experimental results are presented.

Jablonowski, D. P.↗
NASA NTRS1973

A general conclusion regarding the large amplitude flexural vibration of beams and plates.

Use is made of the two coupled partial differential equations that govern the large amplitude flexural vibration of flat plates. On the basis of an assumed vibration mode taken to be separable in the space coordinates and time, the modal equation is obtained. In the case of a one-term solution, it is shown that the modal equation is the same as the dynamic equation of a mass-spring combination where the restoring force of the nonlinear spring is a cubic and an odd function of the displacement. Since the modal equation is a nonlinear, ordinary differential equation with positive coefficients, it is shown that the nonlinearity associated with the large amplitude flexural vibration of beams and plates is of the hardening type, that is, the frequency increases with amplitude.

Pandalai, K. A. V.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Method of heat treating a formed powder product material

Heat treating a product material of prealloyed powders after shaping by superplastic deformation restores the ability of the material to resist deformation at high temperatures. Heat treating is accomplished by heating to a temperature between the solidus and liquidus with the application of isostatic pressure to close any voids. This pressure may be simultaneously applied while the material is at the heat treating temperature. The pressure may also be applied when the material cools to a temperature between that at which it is shaped and the solidus.

Freche, J. C.↗