Quantum Computing Since Democritus
No abstract prepared.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
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A Quantum Computational Determination of the Weak Mixing Angle in the Standard Model
The weak mixing angle $s_W$ is a fundamental constant in the Standard Model (SM) and measured at the $Z$ boson mass to be $\widehat{s}^2_W(m_Z) = 0.23129 \pm 0.00004$ in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ renormalization scheme, where $m_Z=91.2\ \text{GeV}$. On the other hand, non-stabilizerness - the magic - characterizes the computational advantage of a quantum system over classical computers. We consider the production of magic from stabilizer initial states, which carry zero magic, in the 2-to-2 scattering of charged leptons in the SM at the tree level, which is mediated by the photon and the $Z$ boson. Using the second order stabilizer Rényi entropy, and averaging over all 60 initial stabilizer states and the scattering angle, we compute and minimize the magic production as a function of $s^2_W$ in the Møller scattering $e^-e^-\to e^-e^-$, which is free of kinematic thresholds. At the centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=m_Z$, there is a unique minimum in magic production at $\mathbf{s}^{2}_W(m_Z)=0.2317$, which agrees with the measured $\widehat{s}^2_W(m_Z)$ at the sub-percent level. At higher energies, the magic-minimizing $\mathbf{s}^{2}_W$ continues to agree with the empirical value at the percent level or better, up to 10 TeV. The finding suggests the electroweak sector of the SM tends to generate minimal quantum resources from the computational viewpoint.
Liu, Qiaofeng [Northwestern U.]↗
A Quantum Computational Determination of the Weak Mixing Angle in the Standard Model
The weak mixing angle $s_W$ is a fundamental constant in the Standard Model (SM) and measured at the $Z$ boson mass to be $\widehat{s}^2_W(m_Z) = 0.23129 \pm 0.00004$ in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ renormalization scheme, where $m_Z=91.2\ \text{GeV}$. On the other hand, non-stabilizerness - the magic - characterizes the computational advantage of a quantum system over classical computers. We consider the production of magic from stabilizer initial states, which carry zero magic, in the 2-to-2 scattering of charged leptons in the SM at the tree level, which is mediated by the photon and the $Z$ boson. Using the second order stabilizer Rényi entropy, and averaging over all 60 initial stabilizer states and the scattering angle, we compute and minimize the magic production as a function of $s^2_W$ in the Møller scattering $e^-e^-\to e^-e^-$, which is free of kinematic thresholds. At the centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=m_Z$, there is a unique minimum in magic production at $\mathbf{s}^{2}_W(m_Z)=0.2317$, which agrees with the measured $\widehat{s}^2_W(m_Z)$ at the sub-percent level. At higher energies, the magic-minimizing $\mathbf{s}^{2}_W$ continues to agree with the empirical value at the percent level or better, up to 10 TeV. The finding suggests the electroweak sector of the SM tends to generate minimal quantum resources from the computational viewpoint.
Liu, Qiaofeng [Northwestern U.]↗
A Quantum Computational Determination of the Weak Mixing Angle in the Standard Model
The weak mixing angle $s_W$ is a fundamental constant in the Standard Model (SM) and measured at the $Z$ boson mass to be $\widehat{s}^2_W(m_Z) = 0.23129 \pm 0.00004$ in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ renormalization scheme, where $m_Z=91.2\ \text{GeV}$. On the other hand, non-stabilizerness - the magic - characterizes the computational advantage of a quantum system over classical computers. We consider the production of magic from stabilizer initial states, which carry zero magic, in the 2-to-2 scattering of charged leptons in the SM at the tree level, which is mediated by the photon and the $Z$ boson. Using the second order stabilizer Rényi entropy, and averaging over all 60 initial stabilizer states and the scattering angle, we compute and minimize the magic production as a function of $s^2_W$ in the Møller scattering $e^-e^-\to e^-e^-$, which is free of kinematic thresholds. At the centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=m_Z$, there is a unique minimum in magic production at $\mathbf{s}^{2}_W(m_Z)=0.2317$, which agrees with the measured $\widehat{s}^2_W(m_Z)$ at the sub-percent level. At higher energies, the magic-minimizing $\mathbf{s}^{2}_W$ continues to agree with the empirical value at the percent level or better, up to 10 TeV. The finding suggests the electroweak sector of the SM tends to generate minimal quantum resources from the computational viewpoint.
Liu, Qiaofeng [Northwestern U.]↗
Cloud Quantum Computing of an Atomic Nucleus
Here, we report a quantum simulation of the deuteron binding energy on quantum processors accessed via cloud servers. We use a Hamiltonian from pionless effective field theory at leading order. We design a low-depth version of the unitary coupled-cluster ansatz, use the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm, and compute the binding energy to within a few percent. Our work is the first step towards scalable nuclear structure computations on a quantum processor via the cloud, and it sheds light on how to map scientific computing applications onto nascent quantum devices.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Fundamental Algorithmic Research for Quantum Computing (FAR‐QC) (Final report)
This document is the final technical report for the "Fundamental Algorithmic Research for Quantum Computing" (FAR-QC) project at Dartmouth College (PI: J. Whitfield, co-PI: L. Viola). It details the project's primary scientific accomplishments from 2019 to 2025, focusing on advances in quantum simulation algorithms, resource-efficient fermionic encodings, bosonic topology, and optimization methods for near-term quantum devices. The report also summarizes project impacts, including software development (Quiqbox.jl), workforce training, and a complete list of resulting publications.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
High-Threshold Quantum Computing by Fusing One-Dimensional Cluster States
Not Available
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Integrating micromagnets and hybrid nanowires for topological quantum computing
Majorana zero modes are expected to arise in semiconductor-superconductor hybrid systems, with potential topological quantum computing applications. One limitation of this approach is the need for a relatively high external magnetic field that should also change direction at the nanoscale. This proposal considers devices that incorporate micromagnets to address this challenge. We perform numerical simulations of stray magnetic fields from different micromagnet configurations, which are then used to solve for Majorana wavefunctions. Several devices are proposed, starting with the basic four-magnet design to align magnetic field with the nanowire and scaling up to nanowire T-junctions. The feasibility of the approach is assessed by performing magnetic imaging of prototype patterns.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Single-particle digitization strategy for quantum computation of a Φ 4 scalar field theory
Motivated by the parton picture of high-energy quantum chromodynamics, we develop a single-particle digitization strategy for the efficient quantum simulation of relativistic scattering processes in a d + 1-dimensional scalar Φ 4 field theory. Here, we work out quantum algorithms for initial state preparation, time evolution, and final state measurements. We outline a nonperturbative renormalization strategy in this single-particle framework.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Simulating the Electronic Structure of Spin Defects on Quantum Computers
Not Available
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
A NASA Perspective on Quantum Computing, with Emphasis on Recent Results in Distributed Computing
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Quantum computing↗
Topological Quantum Materials for Quantum Computation
Recent years have seen an explosion in research efforts discovering and understanding novel electronic and optical properties of topological quantum materials (TQMs). In this LDRD, a synergistic effort of materials growth, characterization, electrical-magneto-optical measurements, combined with density functional theory and modeling has been established to address the unique properties of TQMs. Particularly, we have carried out extensive studies in search for Majorana fermions (MFs) in TQMs for topological quantum computation. Moreover, we have focused on three important science questions. 1) How can we controllably tune the properties of TQMs to make them suitable for quantum information applications? 2) What materials parameters are most important for successfully observing MFs in TQMs? 3) Can the physical properties of TQMs be tailored by topological band engineering? Results obtained in this LDRD not only deepen our current knowledge in fundamental quantum physics but also hold great promise for advanced electronic/photonic applications in information technologies.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
From Quarks to Stars: A Quantum Computing Approach to the Nuclear Many-Body Problem
This is the final closeout report for the DOE Quantum Horizons project, "From Quarks to Stars: A Quantum Computing Approach to the Nuclear Many-Body Problem."
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Simulations for the Development of Quantum Computational Devices for HEP
In this white paper, we describe characteristics of tools for classical 3 simulations of quantum computational devices appropriate for High Energy Physics applications.
Kowalkowski, James B.↗
Quantum computation of stopping power for inertial fusion target design
Stopping power is the rate at which a material absorbs the kinetic energy of a charged particle passing through it—one of many properties needed over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions in modeling inertial fusion implosions. First-principles stopping calculations are classically challenging because they involve the dynamics of large electronic systems far from equilibrium, with accuracies that are particularly difficult to constrain and assess in the warm-dense conditions preceding ignition. Here, we describe a protocol for using a fault-tolerant quantum computer to calculate stopping power from a first-quantized representation of the electrons and projectile. Our approach builds upon the electronic structure block encodings of Su et al. [ PRX Quant. 2 , 040332 (2021)], adapting and optimizing those algorithms to estimate observables of interest from the non-Born–Oppenheimer dynamics of multiple particle species at finite temperature. We also work out the constant factors associated with an implementation of a high-order Trotter approach to simulating a grid representation of these systems. Ultimately, we report logical qubit requirements and leading-order Toffoli costs for computing the stopping power of various projectile/target combinations relevant to interpreting and designing inertial fusion experiments. We estimate that scientifically interesting and classically intractable stopping power calculations can be quantum simulated with roughly the same number of logical qubits and about one hundred times more Toffoli gates than is required for state-of-the-art quantum simulations of industrially relevant molecules such as FeMoco or P450.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Gate-based quantum computing for protein design
Protein design is a technique to engineer proteins by permuting amino acids in the sequence to obtain novel functionalities. However, exploring all possible combinations of amino acids is generally impossible due to the exponential growth of possibilities with the number of designable sites. The present work introduces circuits implementing a pure quantum approach, Grover’s algorithm, to solve protein design problems. Our algorithms can adjust to implement any custom pair-wise energy tables and protein structure models. Moreover, the algorithm’s oracle is designed to consist of only adder functions. Quantum computer simulators validate the practicality of our circuits, containing up to 234 qubits. However, a smaller circuit is implemented on real quantum devices. Our results show that using iterations, the circuits find the correct results among all N possibilities, providing the expected quadratic speed up of Grover’s algorithm over classical methods (i.e.,).
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
Minimally entangled state preparation of localized wave functions on quantum computers
Initializing a single site of a lattice scalar field theory into an arbitrary state with support throughout the quantum register requires $O(2^{nQ})$ entangling gates on a quantum computer with $n_Q$ qubits per site. It is conceivable that instead initializing to functions that are good approximations to states may have utility in reducing the number of required entangling gates. In the case of a single site of a noninteracting scalar field theory, initializing to a symmetric exponential wave function requires $n_Q – 1$ entangling gates, the minimal number necessary to create an entangled state of all $n_Q$ qubits. This is compared with the $2^{nQ – 1} + n_Q – 3 + δ_{nQ, 1}$ required for a symmetric Gaussian wave function. In this work, we explore the initialization of one-site $(n_Q = 4)$, two-site $(n_Q = 3)$, and three-site ( n Q = 3 ) noninteracting scalar field theories with symmetric exponential wave functions using IBM's quantum simulators and quantum devices (Poughkeepsie and Tokyo). With the digitizations attainable with $n_Q = 3,4$, these tensor-product wave functions are found to have large overlap with a Gaussian wave function and provide a suitable low-noise initialization for improvement and Somma inflation. Further, in performing these simulations, we have employed a workflow that interleaves calibrations to mitigate systematic errors in production. The calibrations allow tolerance cuts on gate performance including the fidelity of the symmetrizing Hadamard gate, both in vacuum $(|\textbf{0}\gg^{\bigotimes nQ})$ and in medium ($n_Q –1$ qubits initialized to an exponential function). The results obtained in this work are relevant to systems beyond scalar field theories, such as the deuteron radial wave function, two- and three-dimensional Cartesian-space wave functions, and nonrelativistic multinucleon systems built on a localized eigenbasis.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Quantum Computation and Visualization of Carbon Single and Double Nano-Rings
This paper concentrates on computational nanoscience to better understand the properties of different materials of interest. In particular, the material graphene has many interesting properties with promising applications. This project will focus on different carbon nanostructures, including the hexagonal honeycomb lattices of a single graphene sheet. Using visualization, animation, and simulation, the thermodynamic properties and energy spectrum of the different carbon nanostructures, mainly carbon nano-ring of different geometries were investigated. The tight-binding model for interacting and non-interacting systems of bosons and fermions was implemented on Mathematica and IBM-Q's quantum computing platform QISkit for a thorough understanding of these atomic structures.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗