Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “MAGNETIC MOMENTS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

Analysis of a slot loaded microstrip disk antenna for circular polarisation

A method is presented to analyze a circular microstrip disk antenna loaded with a narrow, inclined slot at its center and fed by a coaxial probe. Making use of the exact dyadic Green's functions for a grounded dielectric slab due to electric and magnetic currents, Richmond's reaction integral equation in conjunction with the method of moments (Galerkin), a generalized h-parameter equivalent network for the loaded patch is obtained. An expression for the input impedance of a slot loaded microstrip patch is obtained from the equivalent parameters. The theoretical results are compared with the experiment.

Rao, Y. R.↗
NASA NTRS1997

An Energy-Based Hysteresis Model for Magnetostrictive Transducers

This paper addresses the modeling of hysteresis in magnetostrictive transducers. This is considered in the context of control applications which require an accurate characterization of the relation between input currents and strains output by the transducer. This relation typically exhibits significant nonlinearities and hysteresis due to inherent properties of magnetostrictive materials. The characterization considered here is based upon the Jiles-Atherton mean field model for ferromagnetic hysteresis in combination with a quadratic moment rotation model for magnetostriction. As demonstrated through comparison with experimental data, the magnetization model very adequately quantifies both major and minor loops under various operating conditions. The combined model can then be used to accurately characterize output strains at moderate drive levels. The advantages to this model lie in the small number (six) of required parameters and the flexibility it exhibits in a variety of operating conditions.

Calkins, F. T.↗
NASA NTRS1993

The role of superconductivity in magnetic bearings for high-load applications

Slewing of large payloads will require control torque and angular momentum storage capacities that are large in comparison to the capabilities of available control moment gyros (CMG's). SatCon Technology Corporation is currently designing a CMG which may be employed as a slew actuator for large spacecraft or other payloads. The slew actuator employs a type of magnetic bearing which may be used in high load applications. The magnetic bearing is also used to fully gimbal the suspended rotor of the slew actuator. The use of magnetic bearings in angular momentum exchange actuators has the primary advantage that physical contact between the rotor and stator is eliminated. This leads to greatly extended life, increased reliability, and reduced vibrations. Several actuators operating on magnetic bearings have been demonstrated in previous research efforts. These were sized for use in small satellites. For conventional magnetic bearings, which employ magnetic cores, high torsional loading may require that the magnetic structure be excessively massive. An alternative magnetic bearing design which employs a superconducting coil and eliminates conventional magnetic structures is discussed. The baseline approach is to replace the field coil of a conventional magnetic bearing with the superconducting coil.

Downer, James↗
NASA NTRS1991

Magnetic relaxation in the 110 K superconducting phase in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films

We have investigated the time dependence of remnant moment decay in a highly oriented, nearly single high T(sub c) phase Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin film. A strictly logarithmic time dependence was observed over a 20 K temperature range for observation intervals of 2000 seconds. The normalized decay rate exhibits a peak around 14 K and has a relatively weak magnetic field dependence. These data are then compared with existing data on the YBCO and Eu-based superconductors.

Tanaka, Atsushi↗
NASA NTRS1979

The magnetic field of Mercury

The paper examines the magnetic field observations and their analyses relating to the determination of the Mercury magnetic field. Methods of analyzing data included: (1) comparison of bow shock and magnetopause relative positions at Mercury to the earth, (2) direct spherical harmonic analysis, (3) magnetosphere modeling by an image dipole, and (4) scaling of a mathematical model for the terrestrial magnetosphere. Dipole moments were determined using partial quadrupole and octupole terms to improve the least-square fit of models to observations; analyses by method (2) yield a convergent series of dipole moments values considered to best represent the intrinsic planetary field. Finally, it is suggested that the origin of the magnetic field of Mercury cannot be uniquely determined, but the sources of convective energy may be radiogenic decay and heat release, gravitational settling, and differentiation of processional torques.

Ness, N. F.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The magnetic field of Mercury, part 1

An updated analysis and interpretation is presented of the magnetic field observations obtained during the Mariner 10 encounter with the planet Mercury. The combination of data relating to position of the detached bow shock wave and magnetopause, and the geometry and magnitude of the magnetic field within the magnetosphere-like region surrounding Mercury, lead to the conclusion that an internal planetary field exists with dipole moment approximately 5.1 x 10 the 22nd power Gauss sq cm. The dipole axis has a polarity sense similar to earth's and is tilted 7 deg from the normal to Mercury's orbital plane. The magnetic field observations reveal a significant distortion of the modest Hermean field (350 Gamma at the equator) by the solar wind flow and the formation of a magnetic tail and neutral sheet which begins close to the planet on the night side. The composite data is not consistent with a complex induction process driven by the solar wind flow.

Ness, N. F.↗
NASA NTRS1975

The magnetic field of Mercury. I

An updated analysis and interpretation are presented of the magnetic field observations obtained during the Mariner 10 encounter with the planet Mercury on March 29, 1974. The combination of data relating to position of the detached bow shock wave and magnetopause and the geometry and magnitude of the magnetic field within the magnetosphere-like region surrounding Mercury lead to the conclusion that an internal planetary field exists with dipole moment approximately 5.1 times 10 to the 22nd G per cu cm. The dipole axis has a polarity sense similar to that of earth and is tilted 7 deg from the normal to Mercury's orbital plane. The magnetic field observations reveal a significant distortion of the modest Hermean field by the solar wind flow and the formation of a magnetic tail and neutral sheet which begins close to the planet on the night side. Presently, an active dynamo mechanism in the planetary interior appears to be favored in the interpretation of the field origin.

Ness, N. F.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The importance of determining the solar quadrupole moment

Current theoretical modelling of the sun is in difficulty. Additional observations must be made to place constraints on the plethora of conjectures that have been advanced to explain the low neutrino flux and to guide solar model builders in their search to understand the deep interior of the sun. A determination of the magnitude of the solar quadrupole moment, is one such constraint; it places limits on the density, angular velocity and magnetic field distributions inside the sun.

Roxburgh, I. W.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The exterior source surface for force-free fields

Consideration is given to the exterior source surface for force-free fields. The spherical harmonic expansion is presented for boundary values on two concentric spheres. An upper limit on a constant which measures the strength of coronal currents is found to be a function of the lowest multipole moment of the prescribed boundary values. The solar atmosphere is in the class of magnetic fields for which the study is applicable.

Barbosa, D. D.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Viking electron temperature measurements - Evidence for a magnetic field in the Martian ionosphere

Further analysis of the Viking RPA data has now provided measurements of the thermal electron temperature in the upper Martian ionosphere. It is found that Te is several thousand degrees K, i.e., only of the order of twice the ion temperature. The sum of all the measured partial plasma pressures, including ions and suprathermal electrons, has a minimum value of about 5 x 10 to the -10 dyn/sq cm near 350 km and is found to be insufficient to balance the measured electron pressure in the shocked solar wind near 1000 km altitude, by a factor of the order of 4. Thus there is no doubt that a magnetic field of at least 30 to 40 nT permeates the ionosphere. This conclusion is not inconsistent with previous assessments, but it now has a firm observational basis. These data do not uniquely establish whether the magnetic field is intrinsic or induced, but our assessment is that a significant intrinsic moment is not required.

Hanson, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Transport of gyration-dominated space plasmas of thermal origin. I - Generalized transport equations

Grad's 20-moment set of transport equations has been examined in the limit of strong external magnetic fields. This simplified set of equations describes the transport of mass and parallel momentum as well as the transport of parallel and perpendicular energy and heat flow in the magnetic field direction. The effect of collisions was calculated assuming a modified relaxation model. Wave speeds and normal modes of the simplified set of equations were examined for an ion and electron gas. It was found that four of the ten normal modes are electron thermal-heat waves which approximately decouple from the six ion waves in the system. When low-frequency waves are considered (slow-wave approximation), this allows the electron energy and heat flow equations to be solved separately from the ion equations and in a time-independent fashion. When this was done, it was found that, under certain conditions, these equations predict an infinite electron perpendicular temperature, Te-perpendicular, in the collisionless regime. This occurs whenever Te-perpendicular is greater than the parallel temperature, at any point along collisionless and diverging magnetic field lines. When applied appropriately, the significantly simplified set of equations derived here are well suited for application to a large variety of problems in planetary ionospheres and magnetospheres.

Gombosi, Tamas I.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Analysis of Discontinuities in a Rectangular Waveguide Using Dyadic Green's Function Approach in Conjunction with Method of Moments

The dyadic Green's function for an electric current source placed in a rectangular waveguide is derived using a magnetic vector potential approach. A complete solution for the electric and magnetic fields including the source location is obtained by simple differentiation of the vector potential around the source location. The simple differentiation approach which gives electric and magnetic fields identical to an earlier derivation is overlooked by the earlier workers in the derivation of the dyadic Green's function particularly around the source location. Numerical results obtained using the Green's function approach are compared with the results obtained using the Finite Element Method (FEM).

Deshpande, M. D.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Doping-Induced Interband Gain in InAs/AlSb Quantum Wells

A paper describes a computational study of effects of doping in a quantum well (QW) comprising a 10-nm-thick layer of InAs sandwiched between two 21-nm-thick AlSb layers. Heretofore, InAs/AlSb QWs have not been useful as interband gain devices because they have type-II energy-band-edge alignment, which causes spatial separation of electrons and holes, thereby leading to weak interband dipole matrix elements. In the doping schemes studied, an interior sublayer of each AlSb layer was doped at various total areal densities up to 5 X 10(exp 12) / square cm. It was found that (1) proper doping converts the InAs layer from a barrier to a well for holes, thereby converting the heterostructure from type II to type I; (2) the resultant dipole matrix elements and interband gains are comparable to those of typical type-I heterostructures; and (3) dipole moments and optical gain increase with the doping level. Optical gains in the transverse magnetic mode can be almost ten times those of other semiconductor material systems in devices used to generate medium-wavelength infrared (MWIR) radiation. Hence, doped InAs/AlSb QWs could be the basis of an alternative material system for devices to generate MWIR radiation.

Kolokolov, K. I.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Further investigation into calibration techniques for a magnetic suspension and balance system

Calibrations performed on three different magnetic cores for wind tunnel models suspended in the Southampton University Magnetic Suspension and Balance System (SUMSBS) are detailed. The first core investigated was the Southampton University pilot Superconducting Solenoid model, first flown in July 1983. Static calibrations of lift force, drag force and pitching moment, together with lift force and pitching moment calibrations determined by the dynamic method are detailed in this report. Other types of core investigated in a similar manner were conventional permanent magnets, Alnico and samarium-cobalt. All static calibrations gave a linear dependence of force on electromagnet current as expected. Dynamic calibrations are faster to perform but are proving to be not as easily analyzed as static calibrations. There are still some effects to be explained but dynamic lift calibration results were obtained agreeing to within 2 percent of the static calibration value.

Eskins, J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Activity-driven structure variations as a cause of period changes in RS Canis Venaticorum-like systems

Magnetic activity cycles of a convective star in a close binary system may lead to orbit period changes through tidal spin-orbit coupling. An increase in the mean magnetic field throughout the convection zone provides an additional pressure support and increases the star's moment of inertia. In order for the system to conserve angular momentum instantaneously, the convective star must reduce its rotation rate. When this happens, the system is no longer synchronous; in particular, the equilibrium tide now suffers a phase lag. A tidal torque must act, transferring angular momentum from the star's rotation to the orbit, lengthening the period. When the field decays, these events reverse and the period shortens. Observed period changes in RS CVn-like systems are of the order delta p/p = 10 to the -6th, implying variations in the mean field strength at the base of the convection zone of approximately 1000 G over time scales of 10-30 yr. It is predicted that the strength of magnetic activity indicators will track orbital period changes in a given system: the period will be largest during the active portion of the magnetic cycle and smallest during the quiescent part.

Van Buren, D.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Infrared and far-infrared laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the GeH radical - Determination of ground state parameters

The GeH radical has been detected in its ground 2 Pi state in the gas phase reaction of fluorine atoms with GeH4 by laser magnetic resonance techniques. Rotational transitions within both 2 Pi 1/2 and 2 Pi 3/2 manifolds have been observed at far-infrared wavelengths and rotational transitions between the two fine structure components have been detected at infrared wavelengths (10 microns). Signals have been observed for all five naturally occurring isotopes of germanium. Nuclear hyperfine structure for H-1 and Ge-73 has also been observed. The data for the dominant isotope (/Ge-74/H) have been fitted to within experimental error by an effective Hamiltonian to give a set of molecular parameters for the X 2 Pi state which is very nearly complete. In addition, the dipole moment of GeH in its ground state has been estimated from the relative intensities of electric and magnetic dipole transitions in the 10 micron spectrum to be 1.24(+ or - 0.10) D.

Brown, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The main magnetic field of Jupiter

The main magnetic field of Jupiter has been measured by the Goddard Space Flight Center flux gate magnetometer on Pioneer 11. Analysis of the data yields a more detailed model than that obtained from Pioneer 10 results. In a spherical harmonic octupole representation the dipole term (with opposite polarity to earth's) has a magnitude of 4.28 G times the radial distance cubed at a tilt angle of 9.6 deg and a system 111 longitude of 232 deg. The quadrupole and octupole moments are 24% and 21% of the dipole, respectively. This leads to a significant deviation of the planetary magnetic field from a simple offset dipole topology at distances of less than three times the radial distance. The north polar field strength is 14 G, and in the Northern Hemisphere the 'footprint' of the Io associated flux tube traverses the magnetic polar region. Associated L shell splitting in the radiation belts, warping of the charged particle equatorial planes, and enhanced absorption effects due to the satellites Amalthea and Io are expected as a result of the field complexity.

Acuna, M. H.↗