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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1989

A search for K I in absorption in Comet Giacobini-Zinner

Spectra through the coma of P/Giacobini-Zinner toward the star SAO 035030 have been obtained during a close apulse. K I is searched for, and a 3-sigma upper limit of 3 x 10 to the 10th/cu cm at a distance of about 1500 km from the nucleus is found. This corresponds to a column abundance for Na I of less than 2 x 10 to the 11th/sq cm, assuming a solar abundance ratio for Na/K. The observations are not yet sufficiently sensitive to constrain either Na or K abundances, but a case is made from these data that such observations are feasible for the brighter periodic comets.

Schempp, W. V.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The K-Gill - A twin propeller-vane anemometer for measurements of atmospheric turbulence

A twin propeller-vane anemometer developed at the University of British Columbia was successfully used for unattended measurement of atmospheric turbulence over extended periods of time during moderate to high winds in the presence of sea spray. In this paper, a new design in twin propeller-vane anemometers is introduced. The instrument consists of two Gill anemometers mounted on a vane. The propeller shafts, one pointing up and the other pointing down, make an angle of 45 deg with the horizontal (hence, the name K-Gill). In addition to the desirable characteristics of the earlier design the K-Gill has symmetry, so that updraft and downdraft winds are measured with equal sensitivity. An algorithm for obtaining the vertical and downstream horizontal components of the wind velocity is described. Various sources of error and their magnitudes are discussed.

Atakturk, Serhad S.↗
NASA NTRS1989

High-resolution H and K mapping of W51

The H-II region W51 has been mapped in the near-infrared H and K wavebands with a resolution of about 6 arcsec over an area of about 14 sq arcsec. The W51 IRS 1 source has been resolved into six components, and an arc-like extension of small H-II regions is found that seems to parallel the edge of the molecular cloud. Measurements of the fluxes and extinctions of these sources are presented. A close correspondence is noted between the present K maps and the radio maps of Scott (1978).

Little, Stephen J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Thermophysical properties of Helium-4 from 0.8 to 1500 K with pressures to 2000 MPa

Tabular summary data of the thermophysical properties of fluid helium are given for temperatures from 0.8 to 1500 K, with pressures to 2000 MPa between 75 and 300 K, or to 100 MPa outside of this temperature band. Properties include density, specific heats, enthalpy, entropy, internal energy, sound velocity, expansivity, compressibility, thermal conductivity, and viscosity. The data are calculated from a computer program which is available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The computer program is based on carefully fitted state equations for both normal and superfluid helium.

Arp, Vincent D.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Model atmospheres for K and M giants

To aid in the interpretations of observations of K and M giant stars, model atmospheres have been calculated, covering the range in effective temperature between 3000 and 4000 K and in surface gravity-log g between 0.0 and 2.0. These models are computed under the usual assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium, constancy of total (radiative plus convective) flux, and LTE in plane-parallel, horizontally homogeneous geometry. A significant development in these models is the incorporation of an opacity-sampled treatment of absorption by water vapor, which becomes dominant at lower temperatures. The thermal structure and scaling properties of the models are discussed, as are the effects of certain composition changes expected in the course of stellar evolution.

Brown, Jeffery A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Compressive strength of a B2 matrix NiAl-Nb intermetallic at 1200 and 1300 K

The effect of a large Nb addition to a NiAl, to a final composition 43.5Ni-45.2Al-0.8Fe-10.5Nb (in at. pct), on the high-temperature compressive strength of NiAl was investigated using cylindrical samples which were compression tested in air at 1200 K and 1300 K under constant-velocity conditions. The compressive strength of the Ni-45Al-10.5Nb was compared to data from all known solid solution-strengthened and/or precipitation-strengthened NiAl-based materials. It was found that, for strain rates higher than 5 x 10 to the -6th/sec, the Ni-45Al-10.5Nb is stronger than NiAl. However, this advantage disappears at lower strain rates. A comparison of NiAl-based materials indicated that a NiAl+TiB2 composite containing 20 vol pct 1-micron-diam particles has a strength superiority over all the solid solution and precipitation-hardened aluminides at strain rates below 10 to the -7th/sec.

Whittenberger, J. Daniel↗
NASA NTRS1990

Estimation of the solar Lyman alpha flux from ground based measurements of the Ca II K line

Measurements of the solar Lyman alpha and Ca II K from October 1981 to April 1989 show a strong correlation (r = 0.95) that allows estimation of the Lyman alpha flux at 1 AU from 1975 to December 1989. The estimated Lyman alpha strength of 3.9 x 10 to the 11th + or - 0.15 x 10 to the 11th photons/s sq cm on December 7, 1989 is at the same maximum levels seen in Cycle 21. Relative to other UV surrogates (sunspot number, 10.7 cm radio flux, and He I 10830 line strength), Lyman alpha estimates computed from the K line track the SME measurements well from solar maximum, through solar minimum, and into Cycle 22.

Rottman, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

SIRTF/IRS cryogenic grating drive mechanism (ARC second positioning at 4 K)

The requirements, design, and test results of a grating drive mechanism for the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) science instrument on the proposed superfluid helium-cooled Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) are described. The IRS grating drive mechanism, tested in the fall of 1989, satisfied all performance requirements in vacuum at 4 K. Measured mechanism performance included: 1.4 arc sec root-mean-square (rms) error positioning resolution; 2.2 arc sec rms position repeatability error, less than 10 millijoules/deg dissipated power; and 170 deg angular range of travel. Mechanisms that precisely position optical elements at very low cryogenic temperatures (at/below 4 K) are vital to the operating success of a number of proposed infrared scientific instruments like those in SIRTF.

Kubitschek, Michael J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A k-epsilon modeling of near wall turbulence

A k-epsilon model is proposed for turbulent bounded flows. In this model, the turbulent velocity scale and turbulent time scale are used to define the eddy viscosity. The time scale is shown to be bounded from below by the Kolmogorov time scale. The dissipation equation is reformulated using the time scale, removing the need to introduce the pseudo-dissipation. A damping function is chosen such that the shear stress satisfies the near wall asymptotic behavior. The model constants used are the same as the model constants in the commonly used high turbulent Reynolds number k-epsilon model. Fully developed turbulent channel flows and turbulent boundary layer flows over a flat plate at various Reynolds numbers are used to validate the model. The model predictions were found to be in good agreement with the direct numerical simulation data.

Yang, Z.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Simulating boundary layer transition with low-Reynolds-number k-epsilon turbulence models. I - An evaluation of prediction characteristics. II - An approach to improving the predictions

The capability of two k-epsilon low-Reynolds number (LRN) turbulence models, those of Jones and Launder (1972) and Lam and Bremhorst (1981), to predict transition in external boundary-layer flows subject to free-stream turbulence is analyzed. Both models correctly predict the basic qualitative aspects of boundary-layer transition with free stream turbulence, but for calculations started at low values of certain defined Reynolds numbers, the transition is generally predicted at unrealistically early locations. Also, the methods predict transition lengths significantly shorter than those found experimentally. An approach to overcoming these deficiencies without abandoning the basic LRN k-epsilon framework is developed. This approach limits the production term in the turbulent kinetic energy equation and is based on a simple stability criterion. It is correlated to the free-stream turbulence value. The modification is shown to improve the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the transition predictions.

Schmidt, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Hydrogen reduction mechanisms of ilmenite between 823 and 1353 K

In situ gravimetric measurements and microscopic examinations were used to determine the mechanisms of oxygen removal from synthetic ilmenite disks between 823 and 1353 K. Under a hydrogen atmosphere, iron was observed to form a layer of low porosity on the surface of samples early in the reduction. This created diffusion limitations for hydrogen to the reaction front and for the escape of water vapor. A shrinking core reduction model, modified to include the growth of this iron film, was capable of predicting the conversion-time relationships of ilmenite samples. An activation energy of 43.2 +/- 2.6 kcal/gmole was determined to be representative of reaction control over the temperature range 823-1023 K.

Briggs, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Line asymmetries in G and K dwarfs - Dependence on spectral type and activity

Observations of photospheric line asymmetries in 12 G and 11 K dwarfs, particularly the Fe I 6151.62 A line, are examined to determine the amplitudes and shapes of the bisectors. Bisector shapes are compared for magnetically inactive and active stars, and correlations between the slope and the stellar angular velocity are investigated. G stars have increasingly negative slopes with larger stellar angular velocity while K-star slopes become more positive, an effect which is shown to be consistent with recent hydrodynamical models.

Saar, Steven H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Low temperature hydrogen broadened linewidths of ammonia in the (0,1,0,0)-(0,0,0,0) band at 200 K

Results are reported of extensive and systematic measurements of hydrogen broadening of the ammonia (0,1,0,0)-(0,0,0,0) band at 200 K. The measured linewidths for each of the observed branches in this band were determined with an average rms of 5 percent or less. Plots of the K manifolds for four of the five branches that were measured are presented. It is suggested that these width data can be used for analyzing atmospheric spectra of the outer planets and for validating theories of foreign-gas broadening of ammonia.

Margolis, Jack S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

All a-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O(7-y) - PrBa2Cu3O(7-z) - YBa2Cu3O(7-y) Josephson devices operating at 80 K

The controllable, reproducible fabrication of nonhysteretic Josephson devices with excess-current weak-link characteristics at temperatures up to 80 K have been demonstrated. The devices are patterned from in situ deposited a-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O(7-y) - PrBa2Cu3O(7-y) - YBa2Cu3O(7-y) trilayers grown on SrTiO3(001) substrates. Control of the critical current density and resistance is achieved by varying the thickness of the PrBa2Cu3O(7-z) barrier layer. Critical current densities in excess of 10,000 A/sq cm have been reproducibly measured; good uniformity across the wafer is obtained with device parameters scaling with device area. Strong constant-voltage current steps are observed under 11.2 GHz microwave radiation at temperatures up to and above 80 K.

Barner, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Evaluation of water cooled supersonic temperature and pressure probes for application to 1366 K flows

Water cooled supersonic probes are developed to investigate total pressure, static pressure, and total temperature in high-temperature jet plumes and thereby determine the mean flow properties. Two probe concepts, designed for operation at up to 1366 K in a Mach 2 flow, are tested on a water cooled nozzle. The two probe designs - the unsymmetric four-tube cooling configuration and the symmetric annular cooling design - take measurements at 755, 1089, and 1366 K of the three parameters. The cooled total and static pressure readings are found to agree with previous test results with uncooled configurations. The total-temperature probe, however, is affected by the introduction of water coolant, and effect which is explained by the increased heat transfer across the thermocouple-bead surface. Further investigation of the effect of coolant on the temperature probe is proposed to mitigate the effect and calculate more accurate temperatures in jet plumes.

Lagen, Nicholas↗
NASA NTRS1991

Calculations and curve fits of thermodynamic and transport properties for equilibrium air to 30000 K

A self-consistent set of equilibrium air values were computed for enthalpy, total specific heat at constant pressure, compressibility factor, viscosity, total thermal conductivity, and total Prandtl number from 500 to 30,000 K over a range of 10(exp -4) atm to 10(exp 2) atm. The mixture values are calculated from the transport and thermodynamic properties of the individual species provided in a recent study by the authors. The concentrations of the individual species, required in the mixture relations, are obtained from a free energy minimization calculation procedure. Present calculations are based on an 11-species air model. For pressures less than 10(exp -2) atm and temperatures of about 15,000 K and greater, the concentrations of N(++) and O(++) become important, and consequently, they are included in the calculations determining the various properties. The computed properties are curve fitted as a function of temperature at a constant value of pressure. These curve fits reproduce the computed values within 5 percent for the entire temperature range considered here at specific pressures and provide an efficient means for computing the flowfield properties of equilibrium air, provided the elemental composition remains constant at 0.24 for oxygen and 0.76 for nitrogen by mass.

Gupta, Roop N.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Magnetic relaxation in the 110 K superconducting phase in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films

We have investigated the time dependence of remnant moment decay in a highly oriented, nearly single high T(sub c) phase Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin film. A strictly logarithmic time dependence was observed over a 20 K temperature range for observation intervals of 2000 seconds. The normalized decay rate exhibits a peak around 14 K and has a relatively weak magnetic field dependence. These data are then compared with existing data on the YBCO and Eu-based superconductors.

Tanaka, Atsushi↗
NASA NTRS1991

Arcsecond grating drive mechanism for operation at 4 K

A grating drive mechanism that achieves arcsecond positional control at both room temperature and 4 K is described. The mechanism accommodates eight equally spaced facets on a 360-deg drum, with each facet having arcsecond control over an angular range of +/-3 deg. The cryogenic portion consists of dry lubricated angular contact bearings, a dc brushless torque motor, and a compact magnetic position sensor capable of less than 1 arcsec rms resolution. Test results demonstrate angular repeatability of less than 2 arcsec rms at 4 K and static power dissipation to the helium bath of less than 100 microW.

Downey, C. H.↗