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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

The CMS Phase-2 Fast Beam Condition Monitor prototype test with beam

The Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM) is a standalone luminometer for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program of the CMS Experiment at CERN. The detector is under development and features a new, radiation-hard, front-end application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed for beam monitoring applications. The achieved timing resolution of a few nanoseconds enables the measurement of both the luminosity and the beam-induced background. The ASIC, called FBCM23, features six channels with adjustable shaping times, enabling in-field fine-tuning. Each ASIC channel outputs a single binary asynchronous signal encoding time-of-arrival and time-over-threshold information. The FBCM is based on silicon-pad sensors, with two sensor designs presently being considered. This paper presents the results of tests of the FBCM detector prototype using both types of silicon sensors with hadron, muon, and electron beams. Irradiated FBCM23 ASICs and silicon-pad sensors were also tested to simulate the expected conditions near the end of the detector's lifetime in the HL-LHC radiation environment. Based on test results, direct bonding between the sensor and ASIC was chosen, and an optimal bias voltage and ASIC threshold for FBCM operation were proposed. The current design of the front-end test board was validated following the beam test and is now being used for the first front-end module, which is expected to be produced in summer 2025. These results represent a major step forward in validating the FBCM concept, first version of the firmware and establishing a reliable design path for the final detector.

Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profi↗
NASA NTRS1976

Investigation of storage system designs and techniques for optimizing energy conservation in integrated utility systems. Volume 2: (Application of energy storage to IUS)

The applicability of energy storage devices to any energy system depends on the performance and cost characteristics of the larger basic system. A comparative assessment of energy storage alternatives for application to IUS which addresses the systems aspects of the overall installation is described. Factors considered include: (1) descriptions of the two no-storage IUS baselines utilized as yardsticks for comparison throughout the study; (2) discussions of the assessment criteria and the selection framework employed; (3) a summary of the rationale utilized in selecting water storage as the primary energy storage candidate for near term application to IUS; (4) discussion of the integration aspects of water storage systems; and (5) an assessment of IUS with water storage in alternative climates.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1988

Software tools for the integration and execution of multidisciplinary analysis programs

The Environment for Application Software Integration and Execution (EASIE) software furnishes a methodology and a set of utility routines for design teams to use in building, maintaining, and applying CAD systems consituted by a large number of diverse, stand-alone analysis codes. EASIE uses a central data base that contains all variables required as inputs to the analysis programs that will make up the integrated system. Attention is given to the illustrative cases of three operational design systems based on EASIE.

Rowell, L. F.↗
NASA NTRS2026

The Hyperspectral Microwave Photonic Instrument (HyMPI) and its NEDT Performance

This work presents an overview of a hyperspectral microwave-photonic spectrometer and demonstrates the system end-to-end noise equivalent delta temperature (NEDT) performance. The system aims at augmenting the remote sensing capability from space, with a focus on the Earth’s planetary boundary layer (PBL) thermal microwave (MW) spectral region (0-200 GHz). Combining a Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) channelizer and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) spectrometer, the PIC & ASIC (PICASIC) module is capable of processing 40 GHz spectra at hyperspectral (4 MHz) resolution. The photonic technology is agnostic to the spectral region and multiple photonic modules can cover the entire 200 GHz spectrum. Measured results of the end-to-end system NEDT agree with predicted values confirming that the NEDT is primarily dominated by the noise figure of the MW front-end, with the optical link adding no significant noise. The data also demonstrate that a single module enables simultaneous super- and hyper-spectral resolution channel analysis across a 40 GHz range.

spectrometer↗
NASA NTRS1988

A satellite data processing and analysis software system for earth's atmosphere and surface research

The OASIS (Oceanic and Atmospheric Satellite Imaging System) is a satellite data processing and analysis software system being developed by the California Space Institute (Cal Space) for support of interdisciplinary and integrated earth sciences research programs. The system's software applications are integrated under a common executive, NASA's Transportable Application Executive (TAE). In this paper, TAE and the system software and hardware are described, and specific techniques used for ingesting, processing, analyzing, and graphically displaying data from many of the sensors presently being flown are presented. Scientific uses of these capabilities that are, or will shortly be, running under TAE at Cal Space are described.

Dealy, B.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Application of regression, variance, and density based global sensitivity methods to integrated VERA-CS and BISON simulations [Application of regression, variance, and density based global sensitivity methods to integrated VERA-CS and BISON simulations]

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) and sensitivity analyses (SA) are performed for coupled simulations between VERA-CS, a coupled pin resolved neutron transport and subchannel thermal hydraulics code, and the fuel performance code BISON. The interface between VERA-CS and BISON is performed in a multiphysics environment known as the LOCA Toolkit for U.S. light water reactors (LOTUS) currently under development at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). A focus is placed on using a variety of SA measures, including two regression based (Pearson and Spearman), one variance based (Sobol indices), and three moment independent measures (Delta moment independent measures with L 1 , L 2 , and L ∞ norms). The problem under inspection is a single assembly depletion case for three fuel cycles. The figures of merit are the minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio (MDNBR), maximum fuel centerline temperature (MFCT), and gap conductance at peak power (GCPP). SA results show MDNBR to be linear with consistent rankings throughout the fuel cycles. MFCT is linear, but with a change in rankings at the switch from open gap to closed gap models. GCPP is nonlinear at intermediate states that coincide with the onset of contact between fuel and cladding. Furthermore, these nonlinear states allow for the showcasing of higher order SA measures over first order methods.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS2000

Coupling, Q-Factor, and Integration Aspects of Microsphere Applications

With suggested applications varying from microlaser and cavity QED through optical locking of diode lasers to modulators and sensors, high-Q silica microspheres with whispering-gallery (WG) modes so far remain the subject of tabletop feasibility demonstrations. Despite the uniquely high quality-factor and submillimeter dimensions suitable for tight packaging, this novel type of high-finesse cavity still has to be adapted to fiber- and integrated-optic hardware. In the visible and near infrared-band experiments (633-850nm) measuring the ringdown time tau of free oscillations, Q = (0.6 to 0.8 ) x 10(exp 10) has been obtained in silica spheres of diameter -800 microns (corresponding tau = 3 to 4 microseconds). It was proved that under normal laboratory conditions, quality-factor is subject to deterioration within several-minute scale down to (2 ... 3 ) x 10(exp 9). The responsible mechanism was identified as adsorption of a monolayer of atmospheric water, so that preservation of the ultimate Q requires manipulation in dry environment, or fast packaging into sealed devices. Larger Q can be expected closer to minimum of attenuation in fused silica alpha = 0.2 dB/km; Q greater than or equal to 1 x 10(exp 11) at lambda=1.55 microns, with corresponding energy storage time tau approx. 0.1ms. Experiments are currently underway to determine whether this high Q can be realized experimentally. The evident difficulty is that OH-related optical absorption has its peaks located near the reported minimum of attenuation in silica. We can also mention here that some of proposed fiber materials, yet not ready for fiber drawing, have been predicted to have smaller attenuation than fused silica and may be suitable for microsphere fabrication (sodium-magnesium silicate glass, alpha = 0.06dB/km). WG modes possess very small radiative loss (it does not prevent Q-10(exp 20) and more) and therefore are electromagnetically isolated and cannot be excited by free-space beams. If no modification (such as grating) is made on the sphere surface, the coupling has to he provided by an appropriate near-field device. A systematic theoretical approach has been recently developed to quantify the performance of near-field couplers for WG modes. Efficient coupling can be obtained upon fulfillment of two main conditions: (1) mode matching and (2) sufficient coupling strength to provide the buildup of a WG mode with a given intrinsic loss. In other words, the wave in the coupler has to be phase-matched and sufficiently overlapped with the WG mode to provide enough buildup in the cavity. If the coupling efficiency is characterized by the fractional depth K(sup 2) of the resonance dip in intensity transmittance observed upon varying the frequency of the exciting wave in the coupler.

Ilchenko, V. S.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Approximate solutions of acoustic 3D integral equation and their application to seismic modeling and full-waveform inversion

Over the recent decades, a number of fast approximate solutions of Lippmann–Schwinger equation, which are more accurate than classic Born and Rytov approximations, were proposed in the field of electromagnetic modeling. Those developments could be naturally extended to acoustic and elastic fields; however, until recently, they were almost unknown in seismology. This paper presents several solutions of this kind applied to acoustic modeling for both lossy and lossless media. We evaluated the numerical merits of those methods and provide an estimation of their numerical complexity. In our numerical realization we use the matrix-free implementation of the corresponding integral operator. We study the accuracy of those approximate solutions and demonstrate, that the quasi-analytical approximation is more accurate, than the Born approximation. Further, we apply the quasi-analytical approximation to the solution of the inverse problem. It is demonstrated that, this approach improves the estimation of the data gradient, comparing to the Born approximation. The developed inversion algorithm is based on the conjugate-gradient type optimization. Numerical model study demonstrates that the quasi-analytical solution significantly reduces computation time of the seismic full-waveform inversion. We also show how the quasi-analytical approximation can be extended to the case of elastic wavefield.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

A MEMS Gyroscope for Reliable Long Duration Measurement While Drilling at 300°C

The 300°C Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope project aims to contribute to DOE’s goal of increased geothermal drilling efficiency by 2025 through the development of a 300°C MEMS gyroscope for Measurement While Drilling (MWD). At the conclusion of the 2-year project, the team will develop a 300°C capable MEMS gyroscope containing GE’s patented Multi-Ring Gyroscope Transducer (MRGT) design, custom Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) based frontend and feedback control electronics, and with demonstrated functionality and lifetime beyond 1000 hours. The project is divided into two budget periods with Go/No-Go decision at the end of the first budget period. The goal for the first budget period is to establish the feasibility of the MRGT and electronics design for meeting the 300°C performance requirements. The goal for the second budget period is to integrate the MRGT with the SOI-based application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and demonstrate capability to operate at 300°C for 1000 hours. In Budget Period 1 we met the phase 1 goal. We successfully validated the combined MRG, electronics and packaging capability entitlement to achieving 0.5 degrees azimuth uncertainty while enabling operation at significantly higher temperatures than the state-of-the-art. In Budget Period 2, we successfully completed the integration of the MRGT and ASIC with associated high temperature, high reliability packaging to demonstrate the performance and functionality of the integrated gyroscope across the temperature range from room temperature to at 300°C. Furthermore, the team demonstrated operating life of >1,000 hours at 300°C, thus providing a validation of application-relevant lifetime capability.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Statistical inference of empirical constituents in partitioned analysis from integral-effect experiments: An application in thermo-mechanical coupling

Rapid advancements in parallel computing over the last two decades have enabled simulations of complex, coupled systems through partitioning. In partitioned analysis, independently developed constituent models communicate, representing dependencies between multiple physical phenomena that occur in the full system. Figure 1 schematically demonstrates a coupled system with two constituent models, each resolving different physical behavior. In this figure, the constituent model, denoted as the “consumer,” relies upon some input parameter that is being provided by the constituent model acting as a “feeder”. The role of the feeder model is to map operating conditions (i.e. those that are stimulating the process) to consumer inputs, thus providing functional inputs to the consumer model*. Problems arise if the feeder model cannot be built–a challenge that is prevalent for highly complex systems in extreme operational conditions that push the limits of our understanding of underlying physical behavior. Often, these are also the situations where separate-effect experiments isolating the physical phenomena are not available; meaning that experimentally determining the unknown constituent behavior is not possible (Bauer and Holland, 1995; Unal et al., 2013), and that integral-effect experiments that reflect the behavior of the complete system tend to be the only available observations. In this paper, the authors advocate for the usefulness of integral-effect experiments in furthering a model developer’s knowledge of the physics principles governing the system behavior of interest.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development of a High-Rate Front-End ASIC for X-Ray Spectroscopy and Diffraction Applications

We developed a new front-end application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to upgrade the Maia X-ray microprobe. The ASIC instruments 32 configurable channels that perform either positive or negative charge amplification, pulse shaping, peak amplitude, and time extraction along with buffered analog storage. At a gain of 3.6 V/fC, 1-μs peaking time, and a temperature of 248 K, an electronic resolution of 13 and 10 e- rms was measured with and without a silicon drift detector (SDD) sensor, respectively. A spectral resolution of 170-eV full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) at 5.9 keV was obtained with an 55Fe source. The channel linearity was better than ± 1% with rate capabilities up to 40 kcps. The ASIC was fabricated in a commercial 250-nm process with a footprint of 6.3 mm × 3.9 mm and dissipates 167 mW of static power.

Vernon, Emerson↗
DOE OSTI2017

The Belle II imaging Time-of-Propagation (iTOP) Detector

High precision flavor physics measurements are an essential complement to the direct searches for new physics at the LHC. Such measurements will be performed using the upgraded Belle II detector that will take data at the SuperKEKB accelerator. With 40x the luminosity of KEKB, the detector systems must operate eciently at much higher rates than the original Belle detector. A central element of the upgrade is the barrel particle identication system. Belle II has built and installed an imaging-Time-of-Propagation (iTOP) detector. The iTOP uses quartz optics as Cerenkov radiators. The photons are transported down the quart bars via total internal reection with a spherical mirror at the forwardend to reflect photons to the backward end where they are imaged onto an array of segmented Micro-Channel Plate Photo-Multiplier Tubes. The system is readout using gigsample per second waveform sampling Application-Specific Integrated Circuits that provide precise photon timing. The combined timing and spatial distribution of the photons for each event are used to determine particle species. This paper provides an overview of the iTOP system.

Fast, James E.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Optimizing Short-Term Operation of a FIRES-like Industrial Heat Supply Thermal Energy Storage System

The Firebrick Resistance-heated Energy-storage System (FIRES) is under development at MIT for two applications: (1) integration with the Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycle (NACC), a high-performance power conversion system (PCS) that may be used with high- temperature advanced reactors; and (2) industrial heat supply. This paper describes some key features of FIRES and equivalent systems configured for industrial heat supply and presents an assessment of the revenue achievable by a system operating under the conditions expected for early demonstration FIRES installations. The greatest technical challenge of the 21. century is likely to be the effort to minimize the damage caused by global climate change. This effort will require massive reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout our economy and a transition to an electric power system driven entirely by very-low-carbon generators. Many investigators agree that this will require a substantial increase in electricity generation and in the use of nuclear power, and there is growing awareness that this will also require new technologies and systems for managing and storing energy and matching intermittent supply of renewable resources with electricity demand. Thermal energy storage systems (TESS) will, in some applications, be much more cost effective than the more popular and widely discussed battery electric storage systems and may provide unique capabilities. The Firebrick Resistance-heated Energy-storage System (FIRES) is under development at MIT for two applications: (1) integration with the Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycle (NACC), a high-performance power conversion system (PCS) that may be used with high-temperature advanced reactors like the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR), molten salt reactor (MSR) and sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR); and (2) industrial heat supply. FIRES installations include a stack of refractory firebrick with imbedded electric heaters and airflow channels, a compressor or air blower, and a duct system to connect the firebrick with the heat demand (turbine or industrial customer). Analysis of the FIRES design space has shown that the concept is suitable for a wide range of peak operating temperatures (from about 200 deg.C up to at least 1800 deg. C) and pressures (from ambient to at least 20 atmospheres) and offers very high energy density (up to 1 MWh per cubic meter of firebrick for high temperature systems) at very low cost (as low as $5/kWh). These results favor early demonstration of FIRES. If the cost target of $5/kWh for FIRES systems were achieved, even the lowest expected operating income calculated here could cover the capital cost of a 10 MWh system in a single year. If the FIRES system were assumed to operate for at least 10 years, this level of operating income could readily recover a capital investment up to $50/kWh, which is simultaneously much cheaper than the costs expected for near-future battery systems (in excess of $200/kWh) and much more expensive than the small, low temperature firebrick systems already available for domestic heating. This provides a large margin for unexpected development costs and other uncertainties. FIRES would set a minimum price of electricity near that of natural gas-improving nuclear, wind, and solar economics while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial sector. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
NASA NTRS1988

Developing integrated parametric planning models for budgeting and managing complex projects

The applicability of integrated parametric models for the budgeting and management of complex projects is investigated. Methods for building a very flexible, interactive prototype for a project planning system, and software resources available for this purpose, are discussed and evaluated. The prototype is required to be sensitive to changing objectives, changing target dates, changing costs relationships, and changing budget constraints. To achieve the integration of costs and project and task durations, parametric cost functions are defined by a process of trapezoidal segmentation, where the total cost for the project is the sum of the various project cost segments, and each project cost segment is the integral of a linearly segmented cost loading function over a specific interval. The cost can thus be expressed algebraically. The prototype was designed using Lotus-123 as the primary software tool. This prototype implements a methodology for interactive project scheduling that provides a model of a system that meets most of the goals for the first phase of the study and some of the goals for the second phase.

Etnyre, Vance A.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Developing CORBA-Based Distributed Scientific Applications From Legacy Fortran Programs

An efficient methodology is presented for integrating legacy applications written in Fortran into a distributed object framework. Issues and strategies regarding the conversion and decomposition of Fortran codes into Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) objects are discussed. Fortran codes are modified as little as possible as they are decomposed into modules and wrapped as objects. A new conversion tool takes the Fortran application as input and generates the C/C++ header file and Interface Definition Language (IDL) file. In addition, the performance of the client server computing is evaluated.

Sang, Janche↗
DOE OSTI2011

THE INTEGRATION OF PROCESS HEAT APPLICATIONS TO HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS REACTORS

A high temperature gas reactor, HTGR, can produce industrial process steam, high-temperature heat-transfer gases, and/or electricity. In conventional industrial processes, these products are generated by the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, resulting in significant emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Heat or electricity produced in an HTGR could be used to supply process heat or electricity to conventional processes without generating any greenhouse gases. Process heat from a reactor needs to be transported by a gas to the industrial process. Two such gases were considered in this study: helium and steam. For this analysis, it was assumed that steam was delivered at 17 MPa and 540 C and helium was delivered at 7 MPa and at a variety of temperatures. The temperature of the gas returning from the industrial process and going to the HTGR must be within certain temperature ranges to maintain the correct reactor inlet temperature for a particular reactor outlet temperature. The returning gas may be below the reactor inlet temperature, ROT, but not above. The optimal return temperature produces the maximum process heat gas flow rate. For steam, the delivered pressure sets an optimal reactor outlet temperature based on the condensation temperature of the steam. ROTs greater than 769.7 C produce no additional advantage for the production of steam.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2018

Stochastic risk-sensitive market integration for renewable energy: Application to ocean wave power plants

With the expected increase of intermittent renewable energy resources on the electric power grid, short-term reserve markets can prove to be a critical reliability asset. This paper introduces and tests a potential market structure that includes a short-term reserve market for renewable resources where the realized energy is drawn within the bounds of the hourly capacity offered. The study presents a risk-aware stochastic model that determines, based on the day-ahead offer derived using a classic newsvendor formula, the best intraday offers for a renewable energy power plant. The stochastic approach takes into account the uncertainties of energy production and market prices. The proposed risk-sensitive model aims to maximize the renewable power plant's revenues and minimize potential risks of loss in a multi-product multi-timescale market setup. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation, we study the case of a hypothetical 750-kW wave power plant coupled with energy storage. The study shows that the risk of profit loss is not uniformly distributed across the risk-aversion factor space. We also find that the introduction of the short-term reserve market results in a wider range of conditional value at risk while inducing 5% profit increase and a lower profit reduction across the risk range. In addition, the study reveals that the short-term reserve market is profitable for both the system operator and the wave energy power plant considered.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

High-Throughput Computation and the Applicability of Monte Carlo Integration in Fatigue Load Estimation of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Long-term fatigue loads for floating offshore wind turbines are hard to estimate because they require the evaluation of the integral of a highly nonlinear function over a wide variety of wind and wave conditions. Current design standards involve scanning over a uniform rectangular grid of metocean inputs (e.g., wind speed and direction and wave height and period), which becomes intractable in high dimensions as the number of required evaluations grows exponentially with dimension. Monte Carlo integration offers a potentially efficient alternative because it has theoretical convergence proportional to the inverse of the square root of the number of samples, which is independent of dimension. In this paper, we first report on the integration of the aeroelastic code FAST into NREL's systems engineering tool, WISDEM, and the development of a high-throughput pipeline capable of sampling from arbitrary distributions, running FAST on a large scale, and postprocessing the results into estimates of fatigue loads. Second, we use this tool to run a variety of studies aimed at comparing grid-based and Monte Carlo-based approaches with calculating long-term fatigue loads. We observe that for more than a few dimensions, the Monte Carlo approach can represent a large improvement in computational efficiency, but that as nonlinearity increases, the effectiveness of Monte Carlo is correspondingly reduced. The present work sets the stage for future research focusing on using advanced statistical methods for analysis of wind turbine fatigue as well as extreme loads.

17 WIND ENERGY↗