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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Application of the integrated utilities concept to community-size developments

It is shown that the modular integrated utility systems (MIUS) concept (combining the utility services of electrical power, heating and cooling, water supply and waste water treatment, and solid waste management into a single local plant) can be applied to community-size developments with major benefits of energy (fossil fuels) savings, reduction in solid waste haul-off quantity, and reduction in fresh water demand. Compared to a conventional utilities system, MIUS energy and water savings are found to reach 38 and 17%, respectively. Effluent and solid waste load reduction attain 17 and 80%, respectively. These benefits are obtainable through use of commercially available hardware and at costs competitive with conventional utilities.

Redding, T. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Boron/aluminum for space applications

Several experimental boron/aluminum structures have been built for aircraft and space vehicle applications. The success of these structures has led to the decision to use boron/aluminum tubular struts on the mid-fuselage section of the Space Shuttle Orbiter. The suitability of boron/aluminum for this application has been demonstrated in a program that involved fabricating 100 tubes and performing static, fatigue, corrosion, thermal/mechanical fatigue, and damage tolerance tests on them. Other potential applications for boron/aluminum on the Space Shuttle include the wing carry-through panels and side panels for the mid-fuselage, and the landing gear struts. These applications result in significant weight savings over conventional non-composite designs at moderate costs. Boron/aluminum can now be considered a production material that, in many cases, is competitive on a weight and/or cost basis with an all-metal or resin composite system.

Robertson, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Main sequence models for massive zero-metal stars

Zero-age main-sequence models for stars of 20, 10, 5, and 2 solar masses with no heavy elements are constructed for three different possible primordial helium abundances: Y=0.00, Y=0.23, and Y=0.30. The latter two values of Y bracket the range of primordial helium abundances cited by Wagoner. With the exceptions of the two 20 solar mass models that contain helium, these models are found to be self-consistent in the sense that the formation of carbon through the triple-alpha process during premain sequence contraction is not sufficient to bring the CN cycle into competition with the proton-proton chain on the ZAMS. The zero-metal models of the present study have higher surface and central temperatures, higher central densities, smaller radii, and smaller convective cores than do the population I models with the same masses.

Cary, N.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Wind energy developments in the 20th century

Wind turbine systems for generating electrical power have been tested in many countries. Representative examples of turbines which have produced from 100 to 1250 kW are described. The advantages of wind energy consist of its being a nondepleting, nonpolluting, and free fuel source. Its disadvantages relate to the variability of wind and the high installation cost per kilowatt of capacity of wind turbines when compared to other methods of electric-power generation. High fuel costs and potential resource scarcity have led to a five-year joint NASA-NSF program to study wind energy. The program will study wind energy conversion and storage systems with respect to cost effectiveness, and will attempt to estimate national wind-energy potential and develop techniques for generator site selection. The studies concern a small-systems (50-250 kW) project, a megawatt-systems (500-3000 kW) project, supporting research and technology, and energy storage. Preliminary economic analyses indicate that wind-energy conversion can be competitive in high-average-wind areas.

Vargo, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Possibilities and goals for the future SST

An approach directed to defining requirements that would make the development of the SST a worth-while program for the USA is presented. A detailed technical discussion of possible advances in propulsion, aerodynamics, structural construction and design and operational methods is presented. The impact on airplane performances of such improvements is evaluated. The ecological problems related to air pollution and sonic boom are discussed and possible solutions are described. It is concluded that the technical advances required for the development of an efficient economical competitive SST are within reach.

Ferri, A.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Rotary-wing aircraft systems for the short-haul market

This paper describes preliminary designs of tilt-rotor and tandem-rotor helicopter V/STOL aircraft for the 1958 short-haul market. These designs include a tilt-rotor aircraft designed for STOL-only operation. The baseline designs are presented with technological and cost data. The impact of noise and ride qualities on aircraft size and cost, and on passenger acceptance are discussed. The results of the study are compared against competitive alternatives in air transportation.

Magee, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Effect of pollutant gases on ozone production by simulated solar radiation

The present investigation provides some information related to the problem of ozone destruction by nitric oxide emission from high flying vehicles. It is found that CO and H2O can counteract NO destruction of O3 in laboratory simulations. The addition of CO and H2O to aircraft exhausts could be a practical means of reducing the damage of the UV-filtering ozone layer. It is also discovered that NO is not regenerated as it destroys ozone, except at low stratospheric pressures. It is believed that the presence of H2O and CO gives rise to a series of reactions which provide a kinetically competitive pathway for the NO, causing it to go into NO2 production via these substrates rather than via O3.

Wong, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Partially autoionizing states of atomic oxygen

Certain Rydberg states and an intershell transition of atomic oxygen were shown to partially autoionize, and to produce emission spectra competitive with autoionization. These states are forbidden to autoionize on the basis of LS coupling; but they were observed both in emission spectroscopy and in photoelectron spectroscopy. The results explain an unidentified structure in the 584 Angstrom He I atomic O spectrum observed by previous investigators.

Samson, J. A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Challenges of short-haul air transportation

Short-haul transportation systems are characterized by low average utilization, high peak but low average passenger demand, severe competition from other transportation modes, high fixed costs and high operating costs. Studies were conducted to analyze the operational requirements and market size for medium-density air transportation. The determination of the aircraft that will most efficiently meet the requirements of this market requires the careful evaluation of variable parameters such as engine cycles, payload, field length range and type of high-lift system. Low noise, low cost and thrust reversing capability are the basic criteria for the propulsion system. It is concluded that aircraft of less than 50-seat capacity cannot generate satisfactory profits operating in the medium-density market.

Galloway, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Design constraints of the LST fine guidance sensor

The LST Fine Guidance Sensor design is shaped by the rate of occurrence of suitable guide stars, the competition for telescope focal plane space with the Science Instruments, and the sensitivity of candidate image motion sensors. The relationship between these parameters is presented, and sensitivity to faint stars is shown to be of prime importance. An interferometric technique of image motion sensing is shown to have improved sensitivity and, therefore, a reduced focal plane area requirement in comparison with other candidate techniques (image-splitting prism and image dissector tube techniques). Another design requirement is speed in acquiring the guide star in order to maximize the time available for science observations. The design constraints are shown parametrically, and modelling results are presented.

Wissinger, A. B.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Preliminary results of the large experimental wind turbine phase of the national wind energy program

A major phase of the wind energy program is the development of reliable wind turbines for supplying cost-competitive electrical energy. This paper discusses the preliminary results of two projects in this phase of the program. First an experimental 100 kW wind turbine design and its status are reviewed. Also discussed are the results of two parallel design studies for determining the configurations and power levels for wind turbines with minimum energy costs. These studies show wind energy costs of 7 to 1.5 c/kWH for wind turbines produced in quantities of 100 to 1000 a year and located at sites having average winds of 12 to 18 mph.

Thomas, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Simplified explosive-weld evaluation

Weld surfaces, coated with commercially available molybdenum disulfide, allow visual inspection of significant indications of bond quality. Process reduces number of trial welds, making explosive bonding more competitive.

Mclarty, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Utility of space transportation system to space communication community: Executive summary

The space transportation system (STS) offers the opportunity for maintaining, and perhaps accelerating, growth of the space communication community. This new launch vehicle service, however, must be obtained at a cost lower than the current expandable launch vehicles cost. A cost competitive STS is defined for geostationary payloads. It is concluded that the STS will be useful to the space communication community, as well as to other geostationary satellite system users, if the proposed recommendations are adapted.

Bronstein, L. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Development of components for an S-band phased array antenna subsystem

The system requirements, module test data, and S-band phased array subsystem test data are discussed. Of the two approaches to achieving antenna gain (mechanically steered reflector or electronically steered phased array), the phased array approach offers the greatest simplicity and lowest cost (size, weight, power, and dollars) for this medium gain. A competitive system design is described as well as hardware evaluation which will lead to timely availability of this technology for implementing such a system. The objectives of the study were: to fabricate and test six engineering model transmit/receive microelectronics modules; to design, fabricate, and test one dc and logic multilayer manifold; and to integrate and test an S-band phased array antenna subsystem composed of antenna elements, seven T/R modules, RF manifolds and dc manifold.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Diversification: Far term (2000 - )

Diversification, intended to underly the far term of the energy conservation program, was defined to imply conservation through substitution for scarce energy resources by maximizing the total number of viable energy system types in every sector. The following requirements or aspects of diversification that must be studied were given: fuel mix and end use patterns for various alternative diversification plans, current status of diversification, advantages and disadvantages of diversification, constraints and criteria, diversification actions and their controls, and means for implementing the chosen diversification strategy. The following advantages resulting from diversification were described: competition, crisis-related situations, local energy production, decentralized plant locations, long range energy policy, and environmental overloads. The major criteria by which a diversification program should be judged, the major constraints affecting the approaches, and the road to diversification, were elaborated.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Airship construction

Forty-four years ago the first successful metal airship was completed and delivered to the United States Navy, the ZMC-2. Between those years and the present, very little effort or serious consideration has been given to the manufacture, design, construction, or economic impact of airships. It is important to retain and exploit the small but continually diminishing pool of airship talent that will expedite the success of the United States in what is now a pioneering venture. The relative simplicity of airship construction, utilizing the tremendous technical advances of the last 44 years, leads to the conclusion that this form of transportation holds great promise for reducing costs of military missions and improving the international competitive position of the United States in commercial applications.

Roda, J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

National and international capital shortages slowing, perhaps preventing, American economic growth and leading to a decline in the domestic standard of living

It is shown that many of the basic industries that the U.S. has relied upon in the past for economic growth and development are now so obsolete, so old, and so technologically inferior to that of foreign competitors that the U.S. is losing its international competitive position. The most conservative estimate suggests that it will require $325 billion between now and 1982 merely to meet existing and currently anticipated pollution requirements and that it would take an additional $197 billion to replace outmoded existing facilities.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1976

Optimization of MLS receivers for multipath environments

The design of a microwave landing system (MLS) aircraft receiver, capable of optimal performance in multipath environments found in air terminal areas, is reported. Special attention was given to the angle tracking problem of the receiver and includes tracking system design considerations, study and application of locally optimum estimation involving multipath adaptive reception and then envelope processing, and microcomputer system design. Results show processing is competitive in this application with i-f signal processing performance-wise and is much more simple and cheaper. A summary of the signal model is given.

Mcalpine, G. A.↗