A Doppler satellite system design for animal tracking
Doppler effect satellite location of crystal controlled CW transmitters on earth surface for animal tracking
Maxwell, J. C.↗
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A radiotelemetry stimulator for conditioning of large animals
Radio telemetry stimulator for conditioning large animals by applying high voltage short duration pulses to skin surface
Caldwell, W. M.↗
Chronic acceleration of animals
Animals physiological responses to gravity chronic acceleration
Burton, R. R.↗
The effects of chronic acceleration of animals - A commentary
Chronic acceleration effects on animals, considering growth rate, food intake, oxygen metabolism and life expectancy
Wunder, C. C.↗
A thermocouple thermode for small animals
Thermode composed of two thin-walled stainless steel hypodermic needles and cooper-constantan thermocouple or small thermistor to indicate temperature at point of perfusion is used to measure brain temperature in animals. Because of relatively small size of thermode, structural damage to brain is minimized.
Williams, B. A.↗
Animal Orientation and Navigation
Proceedings of conference on animal orientation and navigation capabilities
Galler, S. R.↗
Biology can use trained animals
The use of trained animals to solve complicated biological problems related to psychology is discussed. Data cover sensory and motor capacity. Several examples and experiments are described.
Herrnstein, R. J.↗
Self-rotation of animate beings.
Consideration of the ability of both animals and humans to perform well-controlled self-rotation maneuvers while falling freely for short periods of time in the neighborhood of the earth's surface. Specifically, an analytical theory dealing with the righting movements of falling cats is constructed, and the validity of this theory is tested by reference to photographs. Pitch, yaw, and roll motions generated by arm and leg motions of humans are studied analytically and, in the case of yaw motions, experimentally.
Kane, T. R.↗
Prolonged weightlessness (300 plus days) and cardiac performance in primates. 1: Neuro-humoral mechanisms in the control of cardiac and vascular performance in conscious animals
Research during the period 1 Oct. 1971 to 1 Oct. 1972 is reported. Studies discussed include: development of techniques for instrumentation of dogs and other animals, effects of temporary application of lower body negative pressure, and effect of infusing selected drugs on ventricular performance.
Hawthorne, E. W.↗
Continuous exposure of animals to methylisobutylketone
Continuous exposure of dogs, monkeys, mice, and rats to MIBK for two weeks and all animals except mice for 90 days resulted in measurable adverse effects only in the case of rats. Rat kidney weights and kidney to body weight ratios were significantly elevated after exposure to 410 mg/cu m for two weeks, and kidney and liver organ weights and organ to body weight ratios were elevated after exposure to 820 mg/cu m for two weeks and to 410 mg/cu m for 90 days.
Vernot, E. H.↗
The null magnetic field as reference for the study of geomagnetic directional effects in animals and man.
Techniques for producing very low and zero magnetic fields are considered, giving attention to the compensation of the geomagnetic field by a Helmholtz coil system, approaches utilizing the shielding power of highly permeable alloys, and the complete exclusion of the geomagnetic field with the aid of a superconductive shield. Animal experiments in low magnetic fields are discussed, together with the exposure of man to 'null' magnetic fields and the Josephson junction as a possible biosensor of magnetic fields. It is found that neither the functions nor the behavior of man changes significantly during a two-week exposure to magnetic fields below 50 gammas.
Beischer, D. E.↗
Methods for study of cardiovascular adaptation of small laboratory animals during exposure to altered gravity
Several new techniques are reported for studying cardiovascular circulation in small laboratory animals kept in metabolic chambers. Chronical cannulation, miniaturized membrane type heart-lung machines, a prototype walking chamber, and a fluorocarbon immersion method to simulate weightlessness are outlined. Differential hypothermia work on rat cancers provides localized embedding of radionuclides and other chemotherapeutical agents in tumors and increases at the same time blood circulation through the warmed tumor as compared to the rest of the cold body. Some successful clinical applications of combined chemotherapy and differential hypothermia in skin cancer, mammary tumors, and brain gliomas are described.
Popovic, V.↗
Gravitational considerations with animal rhythms
As established in the laboratory and largely confirmed by others, simulated high-g environments influence growth and development of animals as small as or smaller than baby turtles, sometimes accelerating and sometimes decelerating these processes. High-g environments result in many functional changes or adjustments in feeding, metabolism, circulation, fluid balances, and structures for support, and influence life expectancy. An assembly of equipment suitable for measuring oxygen consumption of small mammals as influenced by chronic centrifugation and/or by day-night rhythms is discussed.
Wunder, C. C.↗
Studies of hypokinesia in animals to solve urgent problems of space biology and medicine
The effects of hypokinesia on animals were studied by observing: (1) hormonal and mediator balance of the body; (2) gas exchange and tissue respiration; (3) protein content in skeletal muscles; (4) structure of skeletal muscles; and (5) function of skeletal muscles. Sharp limitation of motor activity causes interconnected processes of a dystropic and pathological character expressed as a reduction in the force of various muscle group with disturbance of velocity properties and motor coordination due to disturbances in the control link of the neuromuscular system.
Baranski, S.↗
Daily rhythms of radiosensitivity of animals and several determining causes
Daily rhythms of radiosensitivity in rats and mice were determined by survival rates after acute total radiation at the same dosage at different times of the day. Radiosensitivity differed in animals of different species and varieties. Inbred mice exhibited one or two increases in radiosensitivity during the dark, active period of the day. These effects were attributed to periodic changes in the state of stem hematopoietic cells.
Druzhinin, Y. P.↗
Neural models on temperature regulation for cold-stressed animals
The present review evaluates several assumptions common to a variety of current models for thermoregulation in cold-stressed animals. Three areas covered by the models are discussed: signals to and from the central nervous system (CNS), portions of the CNS involved, and the arrangement of neurons within networks. Assumptions in each of these categories are considered. The evaluation of the models is based on the experimental foundations of the assumptions. Regions of the nervous system concerned here include the hypothalamus, the skin, the spinal cord, the hippocampus, and the septal area of the brain.
Horowitz, J. M.↗
Image animation for theme enhancement and change detection
Animated displays are useful in enhancing subtle temporally related changes in scenes viewed by satellites capable of providing repetitive coverage. The detectability of fixed features is also improved through the help of the powerful visual integration process. To expedite the process of assembling and displaying well-registered, time-lapse sequences and to provide means for making quantitative measurements of radiances, displacements, and areas, an electronic satellite image analysis console was constructed. During the LANDSAT-1 program, this equipment was applied to the needs of a number of earth resource investigators with interests principally related to dynamic hydrology. The measurement of the areal extent of snow cover within defined drainage basins is discussed as a representative applications example.
Evans, W. E.↗
The physiology and biochemistry of total body immobilization in animals: A compendium of research
Major studies that describe the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which operate during total body restraint (confinement in cages for example) are presented. The metabolism and behavior of various animals used in medical research (dogs, monkeys, rats, fowl) was investigated and wherever possible a detailed annotation for each study is provided under the subheadings: (a) purposes, (b) procedures and methods, (c) results, and (d) conclusions. Selected references are also included.
Dorchak, K. J.↗