An elastin-like polymer targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 reduces survival in serum-starved endothelial cells
Peptides often exhibit biological activity that depends on the context in which they are displayed and delivered. Understanding and controlling these contextual effects on peptide function is critical for designing targeted and responsive peptide-based biomaterials and therapeutics. Genetically engineered protein polymers such as elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) can incorporate bioactive peptide motifs and are attractive candidates for biomaterials used in tissue engineering and targeted drug delivery. They also present an opportunity for investigating and modulating cell signaling pathways by presenting a peptide ligand in various defined chemical and physical environments. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR1) signaling plays important and complex roles in cell survival and angiogenesis, but polymeric materials that interact with this signaling axis are scarce. In this study, a novel genetically engineered elastin-like polymer that targets VEGFR1 is characterized. This polymer, termed R1B-ELP, binds to human endothelial cells in a manner dependent on its VEGFR1-targeting motif and, based on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, demonstrates activity consistent with disrupting pro-survival signaling necessary for endothelial cell function under conditions of environmental stress. Notably, these findings indicate that ELP fusion alters the functional behavior of the targeting peptide. Modulators of VEGFR1 signaling have potential applications in basic studies of angiogenesis as well as in therapeutic applications targeting vascular or inflammatory diseases.