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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Proposed Material Properties, Allowable Stresses, and Design Curves of Diffusion Bonded Alloy 800H for the ASME Code Section III Division 5

Abstract Increased interest in compact heat exchangers (CHXs) to serve as intermediate heat exchangers of very high temperature reactors resulted in significant research and development on their design, analysis, and construction. Printed circuit heat exchangers are a type of CHXs with high thermal efficiency and compactness achieved through diffusion bonding a stack of etched plates with millimeter scaled channels. The diffusion bonding process changes the microstructural and mechanical properties of the wrought metal plates. The current nonnuclear design code ASME section VIII, division 1 captures the material property change through a “joint efficiency factor.” However, the current nuclear design code ASME section III, division 5 does not address or support the diffusion bonded material properties. Hence, there is a need to develop allowable stresses, isochronous curves, and fatigue life curves for various diffusion bonded alloys. In this study, Alloy 800H material was selected to establish the diffusion bonded material properties under tension, creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue loads at elevated temperatures in the range 550–760 °C. A set of tests on diffusion bonded Alloy 800H (DB 800H) were performed and the acquired data are used in developing allowable stresses Sy, Su, Sr, Sm, St, Smt, So, isochronous curves and fatigue life curves according to the ASME section III, division 5 requirements. This paper also presents detailed procedures used in developing the ASME code section III division 5 design provisions for diffusion bonded Alloy 800H.

Engineering↗
DOE OSTI2015

TU-D-201-03: Proposed Solutions to End-Of-Life Issue

Brachytherapy devices and software are designed to last for a certain period of time. Due to a number of considerations, such as material factors, wear-and-tear, backwards compatibility, and others, they all reach a date when they are no longer supported by the manufacturer. Most of these products have a limited duration for their use, and the information is provided to the user at time of purchase. Because of issues or concerns determined by the manufacturer, certain products are retired sooner than the anticipated date, and the user is immediately notified. In these situations, the institution is facing some difficult choices: remove these products from the clinic or perform tests and continue their usage. Both of these choices come with a financial burden: replacing the product or assuming a potential medicolegal liability. This session will provide attendees with the knowledge and tools to make better decisions when facing these issues. Learning Objectives: Understand the meaning of “end-of-life or “life expectancy” for brachytherapy devices and software Review items (devices and software) affected by “end-of-life” restrictions Learn how to effectively formulate “end-of-life” policies at your institution Learn about possible implications of “end-of-life” policy Review other possible approaches to “end-of-life” issue.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

SU-F-T-47: MRI T2 Exclusive Based Planning Using the Endocavitary/interstitial Gynecological Benidorm Applicator: A Proposed TPS Library and Preplan Efficient Methodology

Purpose: ABS and GEC-ESTRO have recommended MRI T2 for image guided brachytherapy. Recently, a new applicator (Benidorm Template, TB) has been developed in our Department (Rodriguez et al 2015). TB is fully MRI compatible because the Titanium needles and it allows the use of intrauterine tandem. Currently, TPS applicators library are not currently available for non-rigid applicators in case of interstitial component as the TB.The purpose of this work is to present the development of a library for the TB, together with its use on a pre-planning technique. Both new goals allow a very efficient and exclusive T2 MRI based planning clinical TB implementation. Methods: The developed library has been implemented in Oncentra Brachytherapy TPS, version 4.3.0 (Elekta) and now is being implemented on Sagiplan v 2.0 TPS (Eckert&Ziegler BEBIG). To model the TB, free and open software named FreeCAD and MeshLab have been used. The reconstruction process is based on three inserted A-vitamin pellets together with the data provided by the free length. The implemented preplanning procedure is as follow: 1) A MRI T2 acquisition is performed with the template in place just with the vaginal cylinder (no uterine tube nor needles). 2) The CTV is drawn and the required needles are selected using a developed Java based application and 3) A post-implant MRI T2 is performed. Results: This library procedure has been successfully applied by now in 25 patients. In this work the use of the developed library will be illustrated with clinical examples. The preplanning procedure has been applied by now in 6 patients, having significant advantages: needle depth estimation, needle positions and number are optimized a priori, time saving, etc Conclusion: TB library and pre-plan techniques are feasible and very efficient and their use will be illustrated in this work.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

TH-AB-207A-07: Radiation Dose Simulation for a Newly Proposed Dynamic Bowtie Filters for CT Using Fast Monte Carlo Methods

Purpose: Dynamic bowtie filter is an innovative design capable of modulating the X-ray and balancing the flux in the detectors, and it introduces a new way of patient-specific CT scan optimizations. This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing fast Monte Carlo dose calculation for a type of dynamic bowtie filter for cone-beam CT (Liu et al. 2014 9(7) PloS one) using MIC coprocessors. Methods: The dynamic bowtie filter in question consists of a highly attenuating bowtie component (HB) and a weakly attenuating bowtie (WB). The HB is filled with CeCl3 solution and its surface is defined by a transcendental equation. The WB is an elliptical cylinder filled with air and immersed in the HB. As the scanner rotates, the orientation of WB remains the same with the static patient. In our Monte Carlo simulation, the HB was approximated by 576 boxes. The phantom was a voxelized elliptical cylinder composed of PMMA and surrounded by air (44cm×44cm×40cm, 1000×1000×1 voxels). The dose to the PMMA phantom was tallied with 0.15% statistical uncertainty under 100 kVp source. Two Monte Carlo codes ARCHER and MCNP-6.1 were compared. Both used double-precision. Compiler flags that may trade accuracy for speed were avoided. Results: The wall time of the simulation was 25.4 seconds by ARCHER on a 5110P MIC, 40 seconds on a X5650 CPU, and 523 seconds by the multithreaded MCNP on the same CPU. The high performance of ARCHER is attributed to the parameterized geometry and vectorization of the program hotspots. Conclusion: The dynamic bowtie filter modeled in this study is able to effectively reduce the dynamic range of the detected signals for the photon-counting detectors. With appropriate software optimization methods, the accelerator-based (MIC and GPU) Monte Carlo dose engines have shown good performance and can contribute to patient-specific CT scan optimizations.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development of a simplified calibrated building simulation model of a supermarket for proposed ECMs and control strategies impact evaluation

Calibrated building energy simulation is an important pathway to more energy-efficient buildings, but the information requirements of some approaches to this problem are significant. This is particularly true for supermarkets and other so-called “big-box” retail stores. Another characteristic of supermarkets is the significant interaction between Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and refrigeration systems in these buildings. These buildings could contain a wide variety of systems and a degree of load diversity that makes calibrated modeling a challenge. This paper describes a simplified approach that uses OpenStudio and EnergyPlus to combine known building parameters with “typical” parameters, resulting in a simplified building that is amenable to calibration. This approach was applied to a big-box store located in Nashville, Tennessee, and a calibrated model was obtained that was used to study potential energy conservation measures. Further, the paper also explores the capabilities of whole-building energy modeling tools, such as EnergyPlus, for modeling the HVAC controls and sequences and their impact evaluation. Although some measures are precluded by the model simplicity, several measures were found to improve the efficiency of the model and demonstrate that the simplified modeling approach is effective. Practical Application: This paper introduces a hybrid approach of building energy model calibration using limited information available from the actual building in combination with characteristics of a “typical” building of the same type. This hybrid approach would also be applicable for other building types than discussed in this paper to calibrate the building energy model using limited information from the actual building.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Investigation of Proposed Ladderane Biosynthetic Genes from Anammox Bacteria by Heterologous Expression in E. coli

Ladderanes are hydrocarbon chains with three or five linearly concatenated cyclobutane rings that are uniquely produced as membrane lipid components by anammox (anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing) bacteria. By virtue of their angle and torsional strain, ladderanes are unusually energetic compounds, and if produced biochemically by engineered microbes, could serve as renewable, high-energy-density jet fuel components. The biochemistry and genetics underlying the ladderane biosynthetic pathway are unknown, however, previous studies have identified a pool of 34 candidate genes from the anammox bacterium, Kuenenia stuttgartiensis , some or all of which may be involved with ladderane fatty acid biosynthesis. The goal of the present study was to establish a systematic means of testing the candidate genes from K. stuttgartiensis for involvement in ladderane biosynthesis through heterologous expression in E. coli under anaerobic conditions. This study describes an efficient means of assembly of synthesized, codon-optimized candidate ladderane biosynthesis genes in synthetic operons that allows for changes to regulatory element sequences, as well as modular assembly of multiple operons for simultaneous heterologous expression in E. coli (or potentially other microbial hosts). We also describe in vivo functional tests of putative anammox homologs of the phytoene desaturase CrtI, which plays an important role in the hypothesized ladderane pathway, and a method for soluble purification of one of these enzymes. This study is, to our knowledge, the first experimental effort focusing on the role of specific anammox genes in the production of ladderanes, and lays the foundation for future efforts toward determination of the ladderane biosynthetic pathway. Our substantial, but far from comprehensive, efforts at elucidating the ladderane biosynthetic pathway were not successful. We invite the scientific community to take advantage of the considerable synthetic biology resources and experimental results developed in this study to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway that produces unique and intriguing ladderane lipids.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Proposed Longitudinal Profile Diagnostics for Optical Stochastic Cooling of Stored Electrons in the IOTA Ring

One of the predicted signatures of successful optical stochastic cooling (OSC) in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring is reduction of the bunch length. The IOTA OSC experiment is designed for a low nominal beam current (~0.1 microAmps of 100-MeV electrons) to reduce intrabeam scattering (IBS), and during cooling, OSC is expected to reduce the bunch length from ~200 ps to ~130 ps*. These equilibrium bunch lengths can be measured using a streak camera and the optical synchrotron radiation (OSR) generated in a ring dipole by the circulating beam. A similar measurement was previously performed at the Advanced Photon Source with a Hamamatsu C5680 synchroscan streak camera operating at 117.3 MHz**. In this case, synchronous summing of OSR resulted in a bunch length measurement of 276 ± 30 ps using only 57 electrons circulating at 425 MeV. At IOTA, an existing streak camera has been modified to operate at the 11th harmonic of the ring’s revolution frequency of 7.50 MHz and has been installed on an OSR port in support of the OSC experiments. The integrated system will have sufficient sensitivity and resolution for measuring the evolution and equilibrium values of the bunch length during OSC experiments.

Lumpkin, Alex H.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proposal for a proton-bunch compression experiment at IOTA in the strong space-charge regime

The longitudinal compression of intense proton bunches with strong space-charge force is an essential component of a proton-based muon source for a muon collider. This paper discusses a proton-bunch compression experiment at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab to explore optimal radio frequency (RF) cavity and lattice configurations. IOTA is a compact fixed-energy storage ring that can circulate a 2.5-MeV proton beam with varying beam parameters and lattice configurations. The study will aim to demonstrate a bunch-compression factor of at least 2 in the IOTA ring while examining the impact of intense space-charge effects on the compression process.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proposed muon collider R&D at SNS

Generation of a muon beam at a Muon Collider requires relatively short, high-charge proton bunches. They are produced in a high-average-power proton driver by first accumulating a proton beam from a super-conducting linac, then bunching the beam and finally compressing and combining the bunches into a single high-intensity proton pulse. All of these beam formation stages involve handling of unprecedentedly high beam charges. Validation of these intricate beam manipulations requires better understanding of extreme space-charge effects and experimental demonstration. A facility perhaps most closely resembling the proton driver configuration and beam parameters is the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Considering the energy scaling of the space-charge parameters, many of the beam formation steps planned for the proton driver can be experimentally checked at the SNS at the relevant space-charge interaction levels. This paper discusses potential proton driver and other muon-collider-related R\&D at the SNS.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Proposal to Participate in J-Parc KL Experiment

During the previous grant period we have been working on the J-PARC KL E14 (KOTO) experiment with the goal to discover and measure the rate of the rare decay neutral kaons to a pion and two neutrinos. This CP-violating flavor changing neutral current decay proceeds through second-order weak interactions. Other, as yet undiscovered particles, which can mediate the decay could provide an enhancement to the branching ratio, which in the Standard Model predicted to be about 2.80 x 10 -11 . The experiment is expected to observe 100 events at the Standard Model branching ratio for a 10% measurement. The experiment is a follow-up to E391a at KEK and has been approved as experiment E14 at J-PARC. The main barrel vacuum vessel, the charged veto detectors, and the main barrel photon veto system will be reused from E391a. The main calorimeter has been replaced with Cesium Iodide crystals that are both smaller to provide improved shower reconstruction and longer to prevent energy leakage out of the back of the calorimeter. New trigger and data acquisitions electronics will be used.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Collaborative Proposal: Transforming How Climate System Models are Used: A Global, Multi-Resolution Approach

Despite the great interest in regional modeling for both weather and climate applications, regional modeling is not yet at the stage that it can be used routinely and effectively for climate modeling of the ocean. The overarching goal of this project is to transform how climate models are used by developing and implementing a robust, efficient, and accurate global approach to regional ocean modeling. To achieve this goal, we will use theoretical and computational means to resolve several basic modeling and algorithmic issues.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

Regulation of Carbon Sequestration and Water Use in an Ozark Forest: Proposing a New Strategically Located Ameriflux Tower Site in Missouri

by June 14, 2004, the MOFLUX site was fully instrumented and data streams started to flow. A primary accomplished deliverable for the project period was the data streams of CO 2 and water vapor fluxes and numerous meteorological variables (from which prepared datasets have been submitted to the AmeriFlux data archive for 2004-2006, Additionally, measurements of leaf biochemistry and physiology, biomass inventory, tree allometry, successional trends other variables were obtained.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

Review of Metrics Calculations Proposed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

A multilaboratory effort to create metrics to describe the state of Surveillance programs was started several years ago. Two versions of metrics have been developed to date-one supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the other developed and supported at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This paper reviews the LLNL metric calculation methodology and compares it with the LANLlSNL methodology.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2013

Proposal for DOE HEP funding to support the International Workshop on ’Sterile Neutrinos’ at Virginia Tech

This report details how the $5,000 DOE grant to support the workshop titled “Sterile Neutrinos at the Crossroads” (or SNAC11) was allocated and spent. The SNAC11 workshop covered three days during which there were 28 talks, multiple discussion sessions, a poster session with 9 posters delivered, and an impromptu public lecture on the OPERA superluminal neutrino result by the former project manager of OPERA (this was the first official OPERA talk on the subject in North America). The workshop scientific agenda can be viewed at http://www.cpe.vt.edu/snac/program.html. Emerging out of the workshop discussions, was the idea to write a comprehensive white paper describing the current state of the light sterile neutrino. This effort soon became an international collaboration. The final document, titled “Light Sterile Neutrinos: A White Paper” has nearly 200 authors, is 267 pages long, and cites 730 unique references. It has been posted the preprint archive as arXiv:1204.5379 [hep-ph]. Workshop local organizing committee co-chairs, Patrick Huber and Jonathan Link, are the white paper’s head editors.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Development of Database of SFL2a Signals for Neutron Generator Techniques Proposed for Integration

The Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI), Office of Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has sponsored a multi-laboratory, university, international partner collaboration to (1) quantify the plutonium (Pu) mass of a spent fuel assembly, (2) detect partial defects in assemblies, and (3) verify the initial enrichment (IE), burnup (BU) and cooling time (CT) of an assembly. A wide variety of nondestructive assay (NDA) techniques were researched to achieve these goals [Ref. 1 and 2]. A subset of 5 NDA techniques involving passive counting and/or a neutron generator were researched for integration potential with the focus on the first of the three goals, quantifying Pu mass.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2013

FY2014 NSR&D Special Funding Proposals Selected by LANL for Submission to the NNSA NSR&D Working Group

The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has partnered with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and B & W Pantex on a Nuclear Safety Research & Development (NSR&D) project for the purpose of developing a common Quantification of Margin and Uncertainty (QMU) methodology. The resultant methodology will enhance the safety posture of nuclear explosive operations at the Pantex plant. Specific benefits of QMU based methods include: (a) reduced uncertainties in current nuclear safety analyses; (b) increased predictable accuracy in the selection of engineering or administrative controls; (c) identification of new hazards, accident scenarios and risks associated with the assembly/disassembly of weapon components; and (d) improved reliability and transparency in the reporting of weapon response information. Additionally, it is expected that this effort will extend the state of the art in QMU methodological development for a wide variety of applications in the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) complex.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗