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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

High-momentum components in the nuclear symmetry energy

The short-range and tensor correlations associated to realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions induce a population of high-momentum components in the nuclear many-body wave function. We study the impact of the population of such components on bulk observables associated to isospin asymmetric matter. We show how this population affects the kinetic part of the symmetry energy, which is substantially reduced with respect to the non-interacting case.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Symmetry tests in photo-pion production

Small angle electron scattering with intense electron beams opens up the possibility of performing almost real photon induced reactions with thin, polarized hydrogen and few body targets, allowing for the detection of low energy charged particles. This promises to be much more effective than conventional photon tagging techniques. For photo-pion reactions some fundamental new possibilities include: tests of charge symmetry in the N-N system by measurement of the neutron-neutron scattering length a{sub nn} in the and ggrD → π{sup +}nn reaction; tests of isospin breaking due to the mass difference of the up and down quarks; measurements with polarized targets are sensitive to πN phase shifts and will test the validity of the Fermi-Watson (final state interaction) theorem. All of these experiments will test the accuracy and energy region of validity of chiral effective theories.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Cho decomposition of electrically charged one-half monopole

Recently we have carried out some work on the Cho decomposition of the electrically neutral, finite energy one-half monopole solution of the SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs field theory. In this paper, we performed the decomposition of the electrically charged solution using the same numerical procedure. The gauge potential of the one-half dyon solution is decomposed into Abelian and non-Abelian components. The semi-infinite string singularity in the gauge potential is a contribution of the Higgs field and hence topological in nature. The string singularity cannot be cancelled by the non-Abelian components of the gauge potential. However, the string singularity is integrable and the energy of the solution is finite. By decomposing the magnetic fields and covariant derivatives of the Higgs field into three isospin space directions, we are able to provide conclusive evidence that the constructed one-half dyon is certainly a non-BPS solution even in the limit of vanishing Higgs self-coupling constant and electric charge. Furthermore, we found that the time component of gauge function is parallel to the Higgs field in isospace only at large distances, elsewhere they are non-parallel.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Exotic structure in light neutron-rich nuclei

In this presentation I discussed two subjects. One is the persistence of threefold symmetry in the ground state of {sup 12}C. Recently D{sub 3h} symmetry has been established in {sup 12}C, which reflects the geometric symmetry of the three α particles. Although the spin-orbit interaction plays a significant role and this interaction breaks the α clusters, we show that threefold symmetry of {sup 12}C is still there. We use AQCM approach and discuss that inclusion of spin-orbit interaction, which is absent in the conventional microscopic α cluster models, is possible keeping the threefold symmetry. The second subject is the appearance of rod shape in C isotopes, which has been investigated in the framework of the cranking covariant density functional theory. The relationship between the stability of such states and the spin and isospin degrees of freedom is discussed; adding valence neutrons and rotating the system. These two effects stabilize the rod shape, and in addition, their coherent effect has been found; the σ-orbits (parallel to the symmetry axis) of the valence neutrons, which enhances the rod shape, is lowered by the rotation of the system, and this σ-orbit pulls down the single particle energies of protons with linear configuration owing to the proton-neutron interaction effect.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Isobar analog states (IAS), double isobar analog states (DIAS), configuration states (CS), and double configuration states (DCS) in halo nuclei. Halo isomers

It has been shown that IAS, DIAS, CS, and DCS can simultaneously have n-n, n-p, and p-p halo components in their wave functions. Differences in halo structure of the excited and ground states can result in the formation of isomers (halo-isomers). Both the Borromean and tango halo types can be observed for n-p configurations of atomic nuclei. The structure of the ground and excited states with different isospin quantum number in halo like nuclei is discussed. B(Mλ) and B(Eλ) for γ-transitions in {sup 6,7,8}Li, {sup 8,9,10}Be, {sup 8,10,11}B, {sup 10,11,12,13,14}C, {sup 13,14,15,16,17}N, {sup 15,16,17,19}O, and {sup 17}F are analyzed. Special attention is given to nuclei whose ground state does not exhibit halo structure but the excited state may have one.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Impact of pion dynamics on nuclear shell structure

Spin-isospin response in exotic nuclear systems is investigated. It is found that in some nuclei excitations with pionic quantum numbers (0{sup −}, 1{sup +}, 2{sup −}, …) appear at very low energies with large transition probabilities, which is an indication of the vicinity of the onset of pion condensation. As an example, 2{sup −} components of the spin-dipole resonance in {sup 78}Ni and {sup 132}Sn are considered. The existence of such modes points out to the necessity of taking into account their coupling to other elementary modes of excitation, e.g. single-quasiparticle ones. This coupling is introduced in the theory for the first time. Thereby, both rho-meson and pion-exchange contributions to the nucleon-nucleon interaction are included in the relativistic framework beyond the Hartree-Fock approximation. Namely, classes of Feynman diagrams are selected according to their significance for nuclear spectroscopic characteristics, such as single-particle energies and strength functions, and included into the nucleonic self-energy in all orders of meson-exchange. As an illustration, the impact of these new contributions on the single-particle energies of {sup 100}Sn is discussed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Longitudinal vector form factors in weak decays of nuclei

The longitudinal form factors of the weak vector current of particles with spin J = 1/2 and isospin I = 1/2 are determined by the mass difference and the charge radii of members of the isotopic doublets. The most promising reactions to measure these form factors are the reactions with large momentum transfers involving the spin-1/2 isotopic doublets with a maximum mass splitting. Numerical estimates of longitudinal form factors are given for nucleons and eight nuclear spin-1/2 isotopic doublets.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

In-medium effects via nuclear stopping in asymmetric colliding nuclei

The nuclear stopping is studied using isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model in asymmetric colliding nuclei by varying mass asymmetry. The calculations have been done at incident energies varying between 50 and 400 MeV/nucleon for different impact parameters. We investigate the relative role of constant scaled and density-dependent scaled cross-sections. Our study reveals that nuclear stopping depends on the mass asymmetry, incident energy and impact parameter, however, it is independent of the way of scaling the cross-section.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Dark matter attempts for CoGeNT and DAMA

Recently, the CoGeNT collaboration presented a positive signal for an annual modulation in their data set. In light of the long standing annual modulation signal in DAMA/LIBRA, we analyze the compatibility of both of these signals within the hypothesis of dark matter (DM) scattering on nuclei, taking into account existing experimental constraints. We consider the cases of elastic and inelastic scattering with either spin-dependent or spin-independent coupling to nucleons. We allow for isospin violating interactions as well as for light mediators. We find that there is some tension between the size of the modulation signal and the time-integrated event excess in CoGeNT, making it difficult to explain both simultaneously. Moreover, within the wide range of DM interaction models considered, we do not find a simultaneous explanation of CoGeNT and DAMA/LIBRA compatible with constraints from other experiments. However, in certain cases part of the data can be made consistent. For example, the modulation signal from CoGeNT becomes consistent with the total rate and with limits from other DM searches at 90 %CL (but not with the DAMA/LIBRA signal) if DM scattering is inelastic spin-independent with just the right couplings to protons and neutrons to reduce the scattering rate on xenon. Conversely the DAMA/LIBRA signal (but not CoGeNT) can be explained by spin-dependent inelastic DM scattering.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Can CoGeNT and DAMA modulations be due to Dark Matter?

We explore the dark matter interpretation of the anomalies claimed by the DAMA and cogent experiments, in conjunction with the various null direct-detection experiments. An independent analysis of the cogent data is employed and several experimental and astrophysical uncertainties are considered. Various phenomenological models are studied, including isospin violating interactions, momentum-dependent form factors, velocity-dependent form factors, inelastic scatterings (endothermic and exothermic) and channeling. We find that the severe tension between the anomalies and the null results can be ameliorated but not eliminated, unless extreme assumptions are made.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Nuclear proton and neutron distributions in the detection of weak interacting massive particles

In the evaluation of weak interacting massive particles (WIMPs) detection rates, the WIMP-nucleus cross section is commonly described by using form factors extracted from charge distributions. In this work, we use different proton and neutron distributions taken from Hartree-Fock calculations. We study the effects of this choice on the total detection rates for six nuclei having different neutron excess, and taken from different regions of the nuclear chart. The use of different distributions for protons and neutrons becomes more important if isospin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions are considered. The need for distinct descriptions of proton and neutron densities decreases with the lowering of detection energy thresholds.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Exothermic double-disk dark matter

If a subdominant component of dark matter (DM) interacts via long-range dark force carriers it may cool and collapse to form complex structures within the Milky Way galaxy, such as a rotating dark disk. This scenario was proposed recently and termed ''Double-Disk Dark Matter'' (DDDM). In this paper we consider the possibility that DDDM remains in a cosmologically long-lived excited state and can scatter exothermically on nuclei (ExoDDDM). We investigate the current status of ExoDDDM direct detection and find that ExoDDDM can readily explain the recently announced ∼ 3σ excess observed at CDMS-Si, with almost all of the 90% best-fit parameter space in complete consistency with limits from other experiments, including XENON10 and XENON100. In the absence of isospin-dependent couplings, this consistency requires light DM with mass typically in the 5-15 GeV range. The hypothesis of ExoDDDM can be tested in direct detection experiments through its peaked recoil spectra, reduced annual modulation amplitude, and, in some cases, its novel time-dependence. We also discuss future direct detection prospects and additional indirect constraints from colliders and solar capture of ExoDDDM. As theoretical proof-of-principle, we combine the features of exothermic DM models and DDDM models to construct a complete model of ExoDDDM, exhibiting all the required properties.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

The cosmic ray antiproton background for AMS-02

The AMS-02 experiment is measuring the cosmic ray antiproton flux with high precision. The interpretation of the upcoming data requires a thorough understanding of the secondary antiproton background. In this work, we employ newly available data of the NA49 experiment at CERN, in order to recalculate the antiproton source term arising from cosmic ray spallations on the interstellar matter. We systematically account for the production of antiprotons via hyperon decay and discuss the possible impact of isospin effects on antineutron production. A detailed comparison of our calculation with the existing literature as well as with Monte Carlo based evaluations of the antiproton source term is provided. Our most important result is an updated prediction for the secondary antiproton flux which includes a realistic assessment of the particle physics uncertainties at all energies.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Density slope of the nuclear symmetry energy from the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei

Expressing explicitly the parameters of the standard Skyrme interaction in terms of the macroscopic properties of asymmetric nuclear matter, we show in the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach that unambiguous correlations exist between observables of finite nuclei and nuclear matter properties. We find that existing data on neutron skin thickness {Delta}r{sub np} of Sn isotopes give an important constraint on the symmetry energy E{sub sym}({rho}{sub 0}) and its density slope L at saturation density {rho}{sub 0}. Combining these constraints with those from recent analyses of isospin diffusion and the double neutron/proton ratio in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies leads to a more stringent limit on L approximately independent of E{sub sym}({rho}{sub 0}). The implication of these new constraints on the {Delta}r{sub np} of {sup 208}Pb as well as the core-crust transition density and pressure in neutron stars is discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Parametrization of the relativistic {sigma}-{omega} model for nuclear matter

We have investigated the zero-temperature equation of state (EoS) for infinite nuclear matter within the {sigma}-{omega} model at all densities n{sub B} and different proton-neutron asymmetry {eta}{identical_to}(N-Z)/A. We have presented an analytical expression for the compression modulus and found that nuclear matter ceases to saturate at {eta} slightly larger than 0.8. Afterward, we have developed an analytical method to determine the strong coupling constants from the EoS for isospin symmetric nuclear matter, which allow us to reproduce all the saturation properties with high accuracy. For various values of the nucleon effective mass and the compression modulus, we have found that the quartic self-coupling constant G{sub 4} is negative, or positive and very large. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that it is possible (a) to investigate the EoS in terms of n{sub B} and {eta}; and (b) to reproduce all the known saturation properties without G{sub 4}. We have thus concluded that the latter is not necessary in the {sigma}-{omega} model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Status of exotic-quantum-number mesons

The search for mesons with non-quark-antiquark (exotic) quantum numbers has gone on for nearly 30 years. Currently there is experimental evidence of three isospin one states, the {pi}{sub 1}(1400), the {pi}{sub 1}(1600), and the {pi}{sub 1}(2015). For all of these states, there are questions about their identification and even if some of them exist. In this article, we will review both the theoretical work and the experimental evidence associated with these exotic quantum number states. We find that the {pi}{sub 1}(1600) could be the lightest exotic quantum number hybrid meson, but observations of other members of the nonet would be useful.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Finite-temperature calculations for spin-polarized asymmetric nuclear matter with the lowest order constrained variational method

The lowest order constrained variational technique has been used to investigate some of the thermodynamic properties of spin-polarized hot asymmetric nuclear matter, such as the free energy, symmetry energy, susceptibility, and equation of state. We have shown that the symmetry energy of the nuclear matter is substantially sensitive to the value of spin polarization. Our calculations show that the equation of state of the polarized hot asymmetric nuclear matter is stiffer for higher values of the polarization as well as the isospin asymmetry parameter. Our results for the free energy and susceptibility show that spontaneous ferromagnetic phase transition cannot occur for hot asymmetric matter.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Dynamics of pion production in heavy-ion collisions around 1A GeV energies

Within the framework of the improved isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model, the dynamics of pion emission in heavy-ion collisions in the region of 1A GeV energies as a probe of nuclear symmetry energy at suprasaturation densities is investigated systematically. The total pion multiplicities and the {pi}{sup -}/{pi}{sup +} yields are calculated for selected Skyrme parameters SkP, SLy6, Ska, and SIII and also for the cases of different stiffness of symmetry energy with the parameter SLy6. The influence of Coulomb potential, symmetry energy, and in-medium pion potential on the pion production is investigated and compared to each other by analyzing the distributions of transverse momentum and longitudinal rapidity and also the excitation functions of the total pion and the {pi}{sup -}/{pi}{sup +} ratio. The directed flow, elliptic flow, and polar-angle distributions are calculated for the cases of different collision centralities and also the various stiffnesses of the symmetry energies. A comparison of the calculations with the available experimental data is performed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗