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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 433 records · Page 24
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NASA NTRS2002

STS-113 Flight Day 9 Highlights

This video shows the activities of the STS-113 (Jim Wetherbee, Commander; Paul Lockhart, Pilot; Michael Lopez-Alegria, John Herrington, Mission Specialists) crew during flight day 9. Also seen are the outgoing Expedition 5 (Valeri Korzun, Commander; Peggy Whitsun, ISS Science Officer/Flight Engineer; Sergei Treschev, Flight Engineer) and incoming Expedition 6 (Kenneth Bowersox, Commander; Donald Pettit, Nikolai Budarin, Flight Engineers) crews of the ISS (International Space Station). Flight day 9 is a relatively inactive day, with some off-time scheduled for crew bonding and enjoying views. Seven of the joint crew members, including Lopez-Alegria, Wetherbee, Herrington, and Whitsun, pose together and answer questions. Footage shows ISS Science Officers Whitsun and Pettit troubleshooting equipment. The video also contains a clear view of southern South America, a cloudy view of the South Pacific, and external footage of the ISS including the Canadarm robotic arm. The payload bay of the shuttle Endeavour is also shown.

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NASA NTRS2003

STS-114 Crew Interviews Eileen Collins, CDR

Commander Eileen Collins of the STS-114 space mission is seen during a pre-launch interview. She answers questions about the primary goals of the mission which are to exchange the expedition six and expedition seven crews. Also, she says that a large amount of logistics will be taken up to the International Space Station. The primary payload on this mission include: 1) The Utilization and Logistics Flight-1 (ULF-1); 2) Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM); and 3) External Stowage Platform (ESP-2) which are all explained in detail by the Commander. The Window Observational Research Facility (WORF) rack, Human Research Facility (HRF) rack, Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer (MELF) and EXPRESS rack are the Space Station equipment to be installed on the International Space Station (I.S.S.). Collins is the Intravehicular Activity (IVA) specialist for this mission who oversees the three Extravehicular Activity (EVA)'s performed by Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi and Stephen Robinson. The three EVA's include an external camera installation, positioning devices for an ammonia system and the installation of Floating Potential Measuring Unit (FPMU). Commander Collins expresses that she wants to have a successful mission, and also wants to see the Earth from space.

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NASA NTRS2002

STS-111/Endeavour/ISS UF2 Landing with Playbacks

Footage of the STS-111 Endeavour landing at Edwards Air Force base in California is shown. Shots of the mission control room, the shuttle's re-entry into Earth's atmosphere and the landing strip at Edwards Air Force base are seen. The STS-111 flight crew (Pilot Paul Lockhart; Mission Specialist Franklin Chang-Diaz; Mission Specialist Phillippe Perrin) delivered the Expedition Five crew (ISS Commander Valery Kozun; Flight Engineer Peggy Whitson; Flight Engineer Sergei Treschev) to the International Space Station and returned the Expedition Four crew (ISS Commander Yury Onufrienko; Flight Engineer Daniel Bursch; Flight Engineer Carl Walz) to Earth.

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NASA NTRS2002

Oceanic Impact: Mechanisms and Environmental Perturbations

The contents include the following: Oceanic impacts-a growing field of fundamental geoscience. Shock metamorphism on the ocean floor (numerical simulations). Numerical modeling of impact-induced modifications of the deep-sea floor. Computer modelling of the water resurge at a marine impact: the Lockne crater, Sweden. Experimental investigation of the role of water in impact vaporization chemistry. Calcareous plankton stratigraphy around the Pliocene Eltanin asteroid impact area (SE Pacific): documentation and application for geological and paleoceanographic reconstruction. Composition of impact melt debris from the Eltanin impact strewn field, Bellingshausen Sea. Iridium concentrations and abundances of meteoritic ejecta from the Eltanin impact in sediment cores from Polarstern expedition ANT XII/4. Unmelted meteoritic debris collected from Eltanin ejecta in Polarstern cores from expedition ANT XII/4. Impact tsunami-Eltanin. Ancient impact structures on modern continental shelves: The Chesapeake Bay, Montagnais, and Toms Canyon craters, Atlantic margin of North America. The Mjolnir marine impact crater porosity anomaly. Kardla (Hiiu-maa Island, Estonia) - the buried and well-preserved Ordovician marine impact structure. Long-term effect of the Kardla crater (Hiiu-maa, Estonia) on Late Ordovician carbonate sedimentation. The middle Devonian Kaluga impact crater (Russia): new interpretation of marine setting.

Gersonde, Rainer↗
NASA NTRS2003

STS-113 Mission Highlights Resource Tape Flight Days 4-6 Tape: 2 of 4

This video, Part 2 of 4, shows the activities of the crew of the Space Shuttle Endeavor on flight days 4-6 of STS-113. The crew consists of Commander Jim Wetherbee, Pilot Paul Lockhart, and Mission Specialists Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington. On flight day 4, The P1 truss was transfered from Canadarm on Endeavour to Canadarm 2 on the ISS, and aligned with the S0 Truss for attachment. The mission specialists connected utility cables between the trusses on an extravehicular activity (EVA). Flight day 5 was Commander Wetherbee's 50th birthday, and the video includes a clip from The Tonight Show in which Jay Leno wishes him a happy birthday. Intravehicular activity on flight day 5 includes Peggy Whitsun of the outgoing Expedition 5 crew of the International Space Station (ISS) showing incoming Expedition 6 crew members Ken Bowersox and Don Pettit how to replace valves on the ISS CO2 removal system. The video also includes an interior tour of Endeavour and the ISS, and an brief exterior tour of the ISS. On flight day 6 Lopez-Alegria and Herrington attach a television antenna to the P1 truss, and are shown using a handcart on the truss several times. The video includes several Earth views, including one of the west coast of South America.

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NASA NTRS2001

STS-105/Discovery/ISS 7A.1: Pre-Launch Activities, Launch, Orbit Activities and Landing

The crew of Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-105 is introduced at their pre-launch meal and at suit-up. The crew members include Commander Scott Horowitz, Pilot Rick Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Patrick Forrester and Daniel Barry, together with the Expedition 3 crew of the International Space Station (ISS). The Expedition 3 crew includes Commander Frank Culbertson, Soyuz Commander Vladimir Dezhurov, and Flight Engineer Mikhail Tyurin. When the astronauts depart for the launch pad in the Astrovan, their convoy is shown from above. Upon reaching the launch pad, they conduct a walk around of the shuttle, display signs for family members while being inspected in the White Room, and are strapped into their seats onboard Disciovery. The video includes footage of Discovery in the Orbiter Processing Facility, and some of the pre-launch procedures at the Launch Control Center are shown. The angles of launch replays include: TV-1, Beach Tracker, VAB, Pad A, Tower 1, UCS-15, Grandstand, OTV-70, Onboard, IGOR, and UCS-23. The moment of docking between Discovery and the ISS is shown from inside Discovery's cabin. While in orbit, the crew conducted extravehicular activities (EVAs) to attach an experiments container, and install handrails on the Destiny module of the ISS. The video shows the docking and unloading of the Leonardo Multipurpose Logistics Module (MPLM) onto the ISS. The deployment of a satellite from Discovery with the coast of the Gulf of Mexico in the background is shown. Cape Canaveral is also shown from space. Landing replays include VAB, Tower 1, mid-field, South End SLF, North End SLF, Tower 2, Playalinda DOAMS, UCS-23, and Pilot Point of View (PPOV). NASA Administrator Dan Goldin meets the crew upon landing and participates in their walk around of Discovery. The video concludes with a short speech by commander Horowitz.

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NASA NTRS2003

STS-113 Mission Highlights Resource Tape Flight Days 12-15. Tape: 4 of 4

This short video, Part 4 of 4, shows the activities of the crew of Space Shuttle Endeavour and the Expedition 5 crew of the International Space Station (ISS) on the final day of STS-113. The shuttle's crew consists of Commander Jim Wetherbee, Pilot Paul Lockhart, and Mission Specialists Michael Lopez-Alegria and John Herrington, together with the Expedition 5 crew, Commander Valery Korzun, Flight Engineer Sergei Treschev, and NASA ISS Science Officer Peggy Whitson. Onboard video is not available for flight days 12 through 14, but footage of flight day 15 includes suiting up into flight suits, reentry and landing from different angles, including Pilot Point of View (PPOV), and replays of landing.

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NASA NTRS2003

Automating CapCom: Pragmatic Operations and Technology Research for Human Exploration of Mars

During the Apollo program, NASA and the scientific community used terrestrial analog sites for understanding planetary features and for training astronauts to be scientists. More recently, computer scientists and human factors specialists have followed geologists and biologists into the field, learning how science is actually done on expeditions in extreme environments. Research stations have been constructed by the Mars Society in the Arctic and American southwest, providing facilities for hundreds of researchers to investigate how small crews might live and work on Mars. Combining these interests-science, operations, and technology-in Mars analog field expeditions provides tremendous synergy and authenticity to speculations about Mars missions. By relating historical analyses of Apollo and field science, engineers are creating experimental prototypes that provide significant new capabilities, such as a computer system that automates some of the functions of Apollo s CapCom. Thus, analog studies have created a community of practice-a new collaboration between scientists and engineers-so that technology begins with real human needs and works incrementally towards the challenges of the human exploration of Mars.

Clancey, William J.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Archaeological Remote Sensing: Searching for Fort Clatsop from Space

The Columbia Gorge Discovery Center and NASA's Stennis Space Center have teamed up to use high-resolution aerial and satellite-based remote sensing in the search for Lewis and Clark expedition campsites. A Space Act Agreement between NASA and the Discovery Center has evolved into a study that employs remote sensing, plus modern and historical map data for relocating several Lewis and Clark encampments. Satellite data being studied include 30-meter Landsat Thematic Mapper and 1-meter Space Imaging IKONOS data. This paper includes an overview of the working relationship between NASA and the Discovery Center. It also reports on geospatial analyses of the Fort Clatsop site to demonstrate the ways geospatial technologies interface with the written and cartographic records of the expedition and how they are applied to the search for Lewis and Clark campsites.

Karsmizki, Kenneth W.↗
NASA NTRS2003

The psychology of isolated and confined environments. Understanding human behavior in Antarctica

Psychosocial adaptation to isolated and confined environments exhibits 4 distinct characteristics. First, it is seasonal: Variations in mood are associated with the altered diurnal cycle and psychological segmentation of the mission. Second, it is situational: Concurrent measures of personality, interpersonal needs, and coping styles are better predictors of mood and performance than are predeployment measures. Third, it is social: Members of expeditions with low social coherence report significantly more depression, anxiety, and anger than individuals belonging to expeditions with high social coherence. Fourth, it is salutogenic: Depressed mood is inversely associated with the severity of the physical environment of the station, and the winter-over experience is associated with reduced subsequent rates of hospital admissions, suggesting positive benefits for individuals seeking challenging experiences.

NASA Program Biomedical Research and Countermeasur↗
NASA NTRS1986

Under the ice in Antarctica

The 1985 Antarctic Scientific Research Expedition to Lake Hoare in Taylor Valley is briefly described. Of particular interest to to the expedition is the nature of the lake's perennial ice cover and its role in concentrating dissolved gases. Also, the algal mats and sediment found on the bottom of the lake were studied. Antarctic lakes have been cited as possible analogs for possible biological habitats on Mars and on Europa.

NASA Discipline Exobiology↗
NASA NTRS1993

Acclimatization and tolerance to extreme altitude

During the last ten years, two major experiments have elucidated the factors determining acclimatization and tolerance to extreme altitude (over 7000 m). These were the American Medical Research Expedition to Everest, and the low pressure chamber simulation, Operation Everest II. Extreme hyperventilation is one of the most important responses to extreme altitude. Its chief value is that it allows the climber to maintain an alveolar PO2 which keeps the arterial PO2 above dangerously low levels. Even so, there is evidence of residual impairment of central nervous system function after ascents to extreme altitude, and maximal oxygen consumption falls precipitously above 7000 m. The term 'acclimatization' is probably not appropriate for altitudes above 8000 m, because the body steadily deteriorates at these altitudes. Tolerance to extreme altitude is critically dependent on barometric pressure, and even seasonal changes in pressure probably affect climbing performance near the summit of Mt Everest. Supplementary oxygen always improves exercise tolerance at extreme altitudes, and rescue oxygen should be available on climbing expeditions to 8000 m peaks.

NASA Discipline Number 14-10↗
NASA NTRS2004

Use of Remote Sensing and GIS in Search for Lewis and Clark's Rock Fort Camp Site of The Dalles, Oregon

It is assumed that researchers can go to the journals of the expedition to find the precise locations of specific campsites. Of the core group of 33 people on the expedition, scholars know that at least 9 individuals kept journals. The location of three of those journals is unknown, and they may have been destroyed. However, a close examination for the six available journals demonstrates that not everyone described campside locations the same way, which adds to the confusion.

Karsmizki, Ken↗
NASA NTRS2001

STS-108-Endeavour/ISS UF-1/Pre-Launch/Launch/On Orbit/Landing/Crew Egress

This video shows footage from throughout the STS-108 mission. The crew of Space Shuttle Enveavour (Commander Dominic Gorie, Pilot Mark Kelly, and Mission Specialists Linda Godwin and Daniel Tani) together with the International Space Station (ISS) Expedition 4 crew (Commander Yuri Onufrienko and Flight Engineers Carl Walz and Daniel Bursch) are shown at their pre-flight meal, putting on flight suits, and boarding Endeavour. A special segment shows maintainance performed on Endeavour prior to the orbiter reaching the launch pad. Endeavour is shown arriving at Kennedy Space Center mounted on a 747, and is prepared for launch in the Orbiter Processing Facility. The mating of the External Tank and the Solid Rocket Boosters in shown in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) and the Starshine satellite are shown being loaded into Endeavour's payload bay. Launch views include: Beach Tracker, VAB, Pad-B, Tower-1, DLTR-3, Grandstand, DOAMS, Playalinda DOAMS (with a close-up of the Endeavour's main engine, and UCS-23. On-orbit tasks include: docking with the ISS, greetings and enthusiastic crew transfer with the Expedition 3 crew (Commander Frank Culbertson, Jr. and Flight Engineers Mikhail Turin and Vladimir Dezhurov), Mission Control and crew reflections upon the 9/11 attacks, Raffaello docking with and being removed from the ISS, and an extravehicular activity (EVA) by Godwin and Tani. Landing views include: VAB, Tower-1, Mid-Field, South End SLF, North End SLF, Tower-2, Playalinda DOAMS, and Pilot Point of View (PPOV). Each of the four Endeavour crew members gives a short speech after landing.

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NASA NTRS2004

Research Performed within the Non-Destructive Evaluation Team at NASA Glenn Research Center

Non-destructive testing is essential in many fields of manufacturing and research in order to perform reliable examination of potentially damaged materials and parts without destroying the inherent structure of the materials. Thus, the Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) Team at NASA Glenn Research Center partakes in various projects to improve materials testing equipment as well as analyze materials, material defects, and material deficiencies. Due to the array of projects within the NDE Team at this time, five research aims were supplemental to some current projects. A literature survey of "DE and testing methodologies as related to rocks was performed. Also, Mars Expedition Rover technology was assessed to understand the requirements for instrumentation in harsh space environments (e.g. temperature). Potential instrumentation and technologies were also considered and documented. The literature survey provided background and potential sources for a proposal to acquire funding for ultrasonic instrumentation on board a future Mars expedition. The laboratory uses a Santec Systems AcousticScope AS200 acoustography system. Labview code was written within the current program in order to improve the current performance of the acoustography system. A sample of Reinforced Carbon/Carbon (RCC) material from the leading edge of the space shuttle underwent various non-destructive tests (guided wave scanning, thermography, computed tomography, real time x-ray, etc.) in order to characterize its structure and examine possible defects. Guided wave scan data of a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) panel was reanalyzed utilizing image correlations and signal processing variables. Additional guided wave scans and thermography were also performed on the CMC panel. These reevaluated data and images will be used in future presentations and publications. An additional axis for the guided wave scanner was designed, constructed, and implemented. This additional axis allowed incremental spacing of the previously fixed transducers for ultrasonic velocity measurements.

Burns, Erin A.↗
NASA NTRS2005

NASA's Growing Commitment: The Space Garden

Astronauts cannot live on dehydrated ice cream alone. Like everyone else, they need their vegetables. Enter VEGGIE, the Deployable Vegetable System, currently under development by Orbital Technologies Corporation (ORBITEC). VEGGIE is the latest in a long line of vegetable production units ORBITEC is currently working on, with NASA assistance, to grow salad crops to supplement prepackaged foods during long stays in space. The primary goal of the VEGGIE project is to provide flight crews with palatable, nutritious, and safe sources of fresh food with minimal volume and operational resources. In addition, ORBITEC recognizes the age-old adage that gardening is good for the soul, and it acknowledges that gardens are beneficial for relaxation and recreation. As evidence, astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS), who often stay for periods of 6 months, have been enjoying plant experiments, which provide them with much missed greenery and can occupy valuable free time with an enjoyable task. VEGGIE is a project that grew out of technology developed by ORBITEC for the Biomass Production System (BPS). The BPS is equivalent in size to a Space Shuttle middeck locker, and provides four plant growth chambers. Each chamber has independent control of temperature, humidity, nutrient and water delivery, lighting, and atmospheric composition. The BPS flew to the ISS in 2002, and astronaut Dan Bursch had positive comments about his interaction with the plants while in orbit. Astronaut Peggy Whitson had similarly positive remarks during the following expedition while she was growing soybeans for another experiment. Whitson reflects on her time in space with the plantings on Expedition 5, "Although it doesn t sound like much, it was really exciting to see something green. I assumed that this was just because I really enjoy plants, but it surprised me that both of my crewmates were just as excited. They wanted photos of themselves with the plants and asked if they could eat some of them, too!" The astronauts did not eat the plants, but these initial experiments gave the researchers information they needed about the basics of growing crops in space.

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NASA NTRS2006

A Year in the Life of International Space Station

The past twelve months (October 2005 to September 2006) have been among the busiest in the life of the International Space Station (ISS), both in terms of on-orbit operations as well as future planning, for both ISS systems and research. The Expedition 12 and 13 crews completed their missions successfully, carrying out research for Russia, the United States, Europe and Japan, and bringing continuous ISS occupancy to nearly six years. The European Space Agency's (ESA) first Long Duration Mission on ISS is underway, involving significant international research. The Expedition 14 crew completed its training and is embarking on its own 6-month mission with a full slate of international research. Future crews are in training for their respective assembly and research missions. Shuttle flights resumed after a 10-month hiatus, delivering new research facilities and resuming assembly of ISS. ESA's Columbus research module was delivered to the Kennedy Space Center, joining Japan's Kibo research module already there. Following preflight testing, the two modules will launch in 2007 and 2008, respectively, joining Destiny as ISS's research infrastructure. A revised ISS configuration and assembly sequence were endorsed by all the Partners, with a reduced number of Shuttle flights, but for the first time including plans for post-Shuttle ISS operations after 2010. The new plan will pose significant challenges to the ISS research community. As Europe and Japan build their on-orbit research infrastructure, and long-term plans become firmer, the next 12 months should prove to be equally challenging and exciting.

Uri, John J.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Scientific Exploration of Near-Earth Objects via the Crew Exploration Vehicle

The concept of a crewed mission to a Near-Earth Object (NEO) has been analyzed in depth in 1989 as part of the Space Exploration Initiative. Since that time two other studies have investigated the possibility of sending similar missions to NEOs. A more recent study has been sponsored by the Advanced Programs Office within NASA's Constellation Program. This study team has representatives from across NASA and is currently examining the feasibility of sending a Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) to a near-Earth object (NEO). The ideal mission profile would involve a crew of 2 or 3 astronauts on a 90 to 120 day flight, which would include a 7 to 14 day stay for proximity operations at the target NEO. One of the significant advantages of this type of mission is that it strengthens and validates the foundational infrastructure for the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) and Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) in the run up to the lunar sorties at the end of the next decade (approx.2020). Sending a human expedition to a NEO, within the context of the VSE and ESAS, demonstrates the broad utility of the Constellation Program s Orion (CEV) crew capsule and Ares (CLV) launch systems. This mission would be the first human expedition to an interplanetary body outside of the cislunar system. Also, it will help NASA regain crucial operational experience conducting human exploration missions outside of low Earth orbit, which humanity has not attempted in nearly 40 years.

Abell, Paul A.↗