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Results for “ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Control and data acquisition upgrades for NSTX-U

The extensive NSTX Upgrade (NSTX-U) Project includes major components which allow a doubling of the toroidal field strength to 1 T, of the Neutral Beam heating power to 12 MW, and the plasma current to 2 MA, and substantial structural enhancements to withstand the increased electromagnetic loads. The maximum pulse length will go from 1.5 to 5 s. The larger and more complex forces on the coils will be protected by a Digital Coil Protection System, which requires demanding real-time data input rates, calculations and responses. The amount of conventional digitized data for a given pulse is expected to increase from 2.5 to 5 GB per second of pulse. 2-D Fast Camera data is expected to go from 2.5 GB/pulse to 10, and another 2 GB/pulse is expected from new IR cameras. Our network capacity will be increased by a factor of 10, with 10 Gb/s fibers used for the major trunks. 32-core Linux systems will be used for several functions, including between-shot data processing, MDSplus data serving, between-shot EFIT analysis, real-time processing, and for a new capability, between-shot TRANSP. As a result, improvements to the MDSplus events subsystem will be made through the use of both UDP and TCP/IP based methods and the addition of a dedicated “event server”.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Local field enhancement on metallic periodic surface structures produced by femtosecond laser pulses

Periodic surface structures on aluminium are produced by femtosecond laser pulses for efficient excitation of surface electromagnetic waves using a strong objective (NA = 0.5). The local electromagnetic field enhancement on the structures is measured using the technique of surface-enhanced Raman scattering from pyridine molecules. (extreme light fields and their applications)

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Ytterbium laser system for studying parametric amplification of femtosecond pulses with a centre wavelength of ∼2 μm

A laser system is developed with an optical synchronisation of a femtosecond signal with a pump channel. The signal of a driving ytterbium fibre laser with a 60 MHz repetition rate of stretched femtosecond pulses is amplified in energy from several nanojoules to 0.4 mJ at a pulse repetition rate of 3 kHz in a wideband amplifier and then is compressed in time to 250 fs. The obtained radiation is used for generating femtosecond laser pulses with a centre wavelength of ∼2 μm, pulse energy of above 20 μJ, duration of several field oscillations, and phase stabilisation between the electromagnetic field and envelope. The other pulse of the driving fibre laser provides optical synchronisation and a minimal time delay and is directed to a regenerative Yb : YAG disk amplifier for amplification to an energy of 4 mJ at a pulse repetition rate of 3 kHz and duration of 20 ps. A multipass disk amplifier is developed for further increasing the energy of pump chirped pulses to an energy of 70 mJ at a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz and duration of 400 ps for studying parametric amplification under sub-nanosecond pumping. (paper)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Sirius I: prototype of a prime-power source for future 1 - 10 GJ fusion-yield experiments

We have designed, assembled, and tested a prototype coaxial impedance-matched Marx generator (IMG). An IMG is a pulsed-power device that achieves electromagnetic-power amplification by triggered emission of radiation. Hence an IMG is a pulsed-power analog of a laser, with an energy efficiency of 90%. We have demonstrated that the prototype performs as predicted theoretically, thereby proving the IMG concept. We propose that a system of IMGs drive a next-generation pulsed-power accelerator that delivers 90 MA to a physics load. Such a machine would attain thermonuclear-fusion yields as high as 1 – 10 GJ, and revolutionize high energy-density-physics experiments in support of the national-security mission.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Cylindrical and plane surface electromagnetic waves in laser technology of silicon surface texturing with a double femtosecond pulse

This paper presents experimental results of laser modification of the surface of monocrystalline silicon under the influence of a double femtosecond laser pulse with varying delays less than or close to the electron–phonon interaction time, as well as the results of numerical simulation of the photoexcitation of a semiconductor in the approximation of dielectric constant. It is shown that the excitation of cylindrical surface waves not only precedes the excitation of plane surface electromagnetic waves, but is also a determining factor in the cumulative change in the dielectric constant of the medium and the creation of conditions for the excitation of plane surface electromagnetic waves.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Welding of Semiconductor Nanowires by Coupling Laser-Induced Peening and Localized Heating

We demonstrate that laser peening coupled with sintering of CdTe nanowire films substantially enhances film quality and charge transfer while largely maintaining basic particle morphology. During the laser peening phase, a shockwave is used to compress the film. Laser sintering comprises the second step, where a nanosecond pulse laser beam welds the nanowires. Microstructure, morphology, material content and electrical conductivities of the films are characterized before and after treatment. The morphology results show that laser peening can decrease porosity and bring nanowires into contact and pulsed laser heating fuses those contacts. Multiphysics simulations coupling electromagnetic and heat transfer modules demonstrate that during pulsed laser heating, local EM field enhancement is generated specifically around the contact areas between two semiconductor nanowires, indicating localized heating. The characterization results indicate that solely laser peening or sintering can only moderately improve the thin film quality; however, when coupled together as laser peen sintering (LPS), the electrical conductivity enhancement is dramatic. LPS can decrease resistivity up to a factor of ~10,000, resulting in values on the order of ~10 5 Ω-cm in some cases, which is comparable to CdTe thin films. Our work demonstrates that LPS is an effective processing method to obtain high-quality semiconductor nanocrystal films.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2012

Dissipative soliton-like plasmon-polariton pulses in extended medium

The propagation of the coupled state of the electron density perturbation in an extended metallic medium and the excitation of a two-level resonant medium are analyzed. The one- and two-photon transitions in the resonant medium are considered. The electron density perturbation is described using the hydrodynamic approximation. The formation of plasmon-polariton pulses is analyzed in the case when losses in the extended medium are compensated for by the pumping of the two-level dielectric medium. Numerical analysis carried out for the two models revealed that the losses in a soliton-like pulse in a thin metallic medium can be compensated for due to the energy transfer from the amplifying medium to electron density waves. It is shown that the dispersion of a medium containing a two-level component may considerably affect the characteristics of the pulses. The possibility of effectively controlling the evolution of soliton-like pulses by varying an external electromagnetic field and the characteristics of the matrix is demonstrated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Proposed Laser-driven, Dielectric Microstructure Few-cm Long Undulator for Attosecond Coherent X-rays

This article presents the concept of an all-dielectric laser-driven undulator for the generation of coherent X-rays. The proposed laser-driven undulator is expected to produce internal deflection forces equivalent to a several-Tesla magnetic field acting on a speed-of-light particle. The key idea for this laser-driven undulator is its ability to provide phase synchronicity between the deflection force and the electron beam for a distance that is much greater than the laser wavelength. The potential advantage of this undulator is illustrated with a possible design example that assumes a small laser accelerator which delivers a 2 GeV, 1 pC, 1 kHz electron bunch train to a 10 cm long, 1/2 mm period laser-driven undulator. Such an undulator could produce coherent X-ray pulses with {approx}10{sup 9} photons of 64 keV energy. The numerical modeling for the expected X-ray pulse shape was performed with GENESIS, which predicts X-ray pulse durations in the few-attosecond range. Possible applications for nonlinear electromagnetic effects from these X-ray pulses are briefly discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electromagnetic field-assisted method for chemical conversion

Embodiments relate to methods for enhancing chemical conversions. One or more embodiments relate to a method for enhancing a multi-step chemical conversion reaction. The method includes providing a reactant mixture comprising one or more reacting specie(s); and providing a catalyst or sorbent comprising one or more support materials and one or more deposited catalytically active materials. The method further includes applying an electromagnetic field with a prescribed power, frequency, and pulsing strategy specific to interactions of reactant species and an electromagnetic field with at least one of the support materials, sorbent, and catalytically active materials in a particular chemical reaction.

Shekhawat, Dushyant↗
DOE OSTI2017

Transverse electron acceleration in the field of terahertz radiation. Terahertz synchrotron

We study transverse acceleration of an electron introduced to a terahertz pulse along the direction of the electromagnetic field wave vector in the presence of an external permanent magnetic field. We estimate the possible increment of the electron energy as well as the acceleration length and turn angle of the electron leaving the pulse. The developed acceleration scheme may be employed (in addition to the electron accelerator itself) in a terahertz synchrotron, possible parameters of which are estimated. (paper)

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Super-octave longwave mid-infrared coherent transients produced by optical rectification of few-cycle 25-μm pulses

Femtosecond laser sources and optical frequency combs in the molecular fingerprint region of the electromagnetic spectrum are crucial for a plethora of applications in natural and life sciences. Here we introduce Cr 2+ -based lasers as a convenient means for producing super-octave mid-IR electromagnetic transients via optical rectification (or intra-pulse difference frequency generation, IDFG). We demonstrate that a relatively long, 2.5 μm, central wavelength of a few-cycle Cr 2+ :ZnS driving source (20 fs pulse duration, 6 W average power, 78 MHz repetition rate) enabled the use of highly nonlinear ZnGeP 2 crystal for IDFG with exceptionally high conversion efficiency (>3%) and output power of 0.15 W, with the spectral span of 5.8–12.5 μm. Even broader spectrum was achieved in GaSe crystal: 4.3–16.6 μm for type I and 5.8–17.6 μm for type II phase matching. The results highlight the potential of this architecture for ultrafast spectroscopy and generation of broadband frequency combs in the longwave infrared.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nonlinear Thomson scattering of a relativistically strong tightly focused ultrashort laser pulse

The problem of nonlinear Thomson scattering of a relativistically strong linearly polarized ultrashort laser pulse tightly focused into a spot with a diameter of D{sub F} ≳ λ (where λ is the laser wavelength) is solved. The energy, spectral, and angular distributions of radiation generated due to Thomson scattering from test electrons located in the focal region are found. The characteristics of scattered radiation are studied as functions of the tightness of laser focusing and the initial position of test particles relative to the center of the focal region for a given laser pulse energy. It is demonstrated that the ultratight focusing is not optimal for obtaining the brightest and hardest source of secondary electromagnetic radiation. The hardest and shortest radiation pulse is generated when the beam waist diameter is ≃10λ.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Phase and frequency structure of superradiance pulses generated by relativistic Ka-band backward-wave oscillator

Phase and frequency stability of electromagnetic oscillations in sub-gigawatt superradiance (SR) pulses generated by an extensive slow-wave structure of a relativistic Ka-band backward-wave oscillator were experimentally investigated. Data on the frequency tuning and radiation phase stability of SR pulses with a variation of the energy and current of electron beam were obtained.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Low-Light-Level Cross-Phase Modulation with Double Slow Light Pulses

We report on the first experimental demonstration of low-light-level cross-phase modulation (XPM) with double slow light pulses based on the double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in cold cesium atoms. The double EIT is implemented with two control fields and two weak fields that drive populations prepared in the two doubly spin-polarized states. Group velocity matching can be obtained by tuning the intensity of either of the control fields. The XPM is based on the asymmetric M-type five-level system formed by the two sets of EIT. Enhancement in the XPM by group velocity matching is observed. Our work advances studies of low-light-level nonlinear optics based on double slow light pulses.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Correlation of Noise Signature to Pulsed Power Events at the HERMES III Accelerator.

The HERMES III accelerator, which is located at Sandia National Laboratories' Tech Area IV, is the largest pulsed gamma X-ray source in the world. The accelerator is made up of 20 inductive cavities that are charged to 1 MV each by complex pulsed power circuitry. The firing time of the machine components ranges between the microsecond and nanosecond timescales. This results in a variety of electromagnetic frequencies when the accelerator fires. Testing was done to identify the HERMES electromagnetic noise signal and to map it to the various accelerator trigger events. This report will show the measurement methods used to capture the noise spectrum produced from the machine and correlate this noise signature with machine events.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Ultrashort Optical Pulses in Carbon Nanotubes and Heavy-Ion Absorption

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in a medium with zigzag carbon nanotubes is studied. Based on the Maxwell equations, an effective equation for the electromagnetic field vector potential is derived, which takes into account ion oscillations in the dielectric medium with nanotubes. It is found that the pulse shape depends on the character of oscillations of heavy ions, which may absorb the electromagnetic field, and on other parameters of the problem.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Coherent population trapping in {sup 87}Rb atoms induced by the optical frequency comb excitation

The excitation of room-temperature four-level {sup 87}Rb atoms by a train of ultrashort pulses is investigated theoretically in the conditions when the pulse repetition period is shorter than the characteristic atomic relaxation times. It is shown that coherent accumulation of excitation leads to coherent population trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency of the excitation pulses when the pulse repetition rate is a subharmonic of the ground-state hyperfine splitting. It is illustrated how the judicious choice for the frequency comb parameters can provide a means to effectively control the degree of coherence between the ground-state hyperfine levels for selective atomic groups, and even transfer the whole atomic distribution to the dark state with up to 95% efficiency.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗