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At least 433 records · Page 24

Search for direct production of electroweakinos in final states with one lepton, missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying into two b -jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for electroweakino pair production $pp \rightarrow \tilde\chi^\pm_1 \tilde\chi^0_2$ in which the chargino ($\tilde\chi^\pm_1$) decays into a $W$ boson and the lightest neutralino ($\tilde\chi^0_1$), while the heavier neutralino ($\tilde\chi^0_2$) decays into the Standard Model 125 GeV Higgs boson and a second $\tilde\chi^0_1$ are presented. The signal selection requires a pair of $b$-tagged jets consistent with those from a Higgs boson decay, and either an electron or a muon from the $W$ boson decay, together with missing transverse momentum from the corresponding neutrino and the stable neutralinos. The analysis is based on data corresponding to 139 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. No statistically significant evidence of an excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is found. Limits are set on the direct production of the electroweakinos in simplified models, assuming pure wino cross-sections. Masses of $\tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_{1}/\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{2}$ up to 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a massless $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Radiative three-body D -meson decays in and beyond the standard model

We study radiative charm decays D → P 1 P 2γ , P 1,2 = π, K in QCD factorization at leading order and within heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory. Branching ratios including resonance contributions are around ~10 –3 for the Cabibbo-favored modes into Kπγ and ~10 –5 for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed modes into π + π – γ,K + K – γ, and thus in reach of the flavor factories BES III and Belle II. Dalitz plots and forward–backward asymmetries reveal significant differences between the two QCD frameworks; such observables are therefore ideally suited for a data-driven identification of relevant decay mechanisms in the standard-model dominated D → Kπγ decays. This increases the potential to probe new physics with the D → π + π – γ and D → K + K – γ decays, which are sensitive to enhanced dipole operators. CP asymmetries are useful to test the SM and look for new physics in neutral |ΔC| = 1 transitions. Cuts in the Dalitz plot enhance the sensitivity to new physics due to the presence of both s- and t, u-channel intermediate resonances.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for a heavy vector resonance decaying to a ${\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{}}^{\mathrm{}}$ boson and a Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\,\text {Te}\text {V}$

A search is presented for a heavy vector resonance decaying into a Z boson and the standard model Higgs boson, where the Z boson is identified through its leptonic decays to electrons, muons, or neutrinos, and the Higgs boson is identified through its hadronic decays. The search is performed in a Lorentz-boosted regime and is based on data collected from 2016 to 2018 at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fb -1 . Upper limits are derived on the production of a narrow heavy resonance Z', and a mass below 3.5 and 3.7TeV is excluded at 95% confidence level in models where the heavy vector boson couples predominantly to fermions and to bosons, respectively. These are the most stringent limits placed on the Heavy Vector Triplet Z' model to date. If the heavy vector boson couples exclusively to standard model bosons, upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction are set between 23 and 0.3fb for a Z' mass between 0.8 and 4.6TeV, respectively. This is the first limit set on a heavy vector boson coupling exclusively to standard model bosons in its production and decay.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Observation of electroweak production of two jets in association with an isolated photon and missing transverse momentum, and search for a Higgs boson decaying into invisible particles at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the electroweak production of two jets in association with a Zγ pair, with the Z boson decaying into two neutrinos. It also presents a search for invisible or partially invisible decays of a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV produced through vector-boson fusion with a photon in the final state. These results use data from LHC proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 . The event signature, shared by all benchmark processes considered for the measurements and searches, is characterized by a significant amount of unbalanced transverse momentum and a photon in the final state, in addition to a pair of forward jets. Electroweak $Zγ$ production in association with two jets is observed in this final state with a significance of 5.2 (5.1 expected) standard deviations. The measured fiducial cross-section for this process is 1.31 ± 0.29 fb. An observed (expected) upper limit of 0.37 (0.34$^{+0.15}_{-0.10}$) at 95% confidence level is set on the branching ratio of a 125 GeV Higgs boson to invisible particles, assuming the Standard Model production cross-section. The signature is also interpreted in the context of decays of a Higgs boson into a photon and a dark photon. An observed (expected) 95% CL upper limit on the branching ratio for this decay is set at 0.018 (0.017$^{+0.007}_{-0.005}$), assuming the Standard Model production cross-section for a 125 GeV Higgs boson.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Final results on the $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ decay half-life limit of $$^{100}$$Mo from the CUPID-Mo experiment

Abstract The CUPID-Mo experiment to search for 0 $$\nu \beta \beta $$ ν β β decay in $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo has been recently completed after about 1.5 years of operation at Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France). It served as a demonstrator for CUPID, a next generation 0 $$\nu \beta \beta $$ ν β β decay experiment. CUPID-Mo was comprised of 20 enriched $$\hbox {Li}_{{2}}$$ Li 2 $$^{100}$$ 100 $$\hbox {MoO}_4$$ MoO 4 scintillating calorimeters, each with a mass of $$\sim 0.2$$ ∼ 0.2 kg, operated at $$\sim 20$$ ∼ 20 mK. We present here the final analysis with the full exposure of CUPID-Mo ( $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo exposure of 1.47 $$\hbox {kg} \times \hbox {year}$$ kg × year ) used to search for lepton number violation via 0 $$\nu \beta \beta $$ ν β β decay. We report on various analysis improvements since the previous result on a subset of data, reprocessing all data with these new techniques. We observe zero events in the region of interest and set a new limit on the $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo 0 $$\nu \beta \beta $$ ν β β decay half-life of $$T_{1/2}^{0\nu }$$ T 1 / 2 0 ν $$> {1.8}\times 10^{24}$$ > 1.8 × 10 24 year (stat. + syst.) at 90% CI. Under the light Majorana neutrino exchange mechanism this corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass of $$\left $$ m β β $$<~{(0.28{-}0.49)} $$ < ( 0.28 - 0.49 ) eV, dependent upon the nuclear matrix element utilized.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for light Higgs bosons from supersymmetric cascade decays in $\text {pp}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\textrm{TeV}$

A search is reported for pairs of light Higgs bosons (H 1 ) produced in supersymmetric cascade decays in final states with small missing transverse momentum. A data set of LHC pp collisions collected with the CMS detector at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb -1 is used. The search targets events where both H 1 bosons decay into $\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$ pairs that are reconstructed as large-radius jets using substructure techniques. No evidence is found for an excess of events beyond the background expectations of the standard model (SM). Results from the search are interpreted in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM, where a “singlino” of small mass leads to squark and gluino cascade decays that can predominantly end in a highly Lorentz-boosted singlet-like H 1 and a singlino-like neutralino of small transverse momentum. Upper limits are set on the product of the squark or gluino pair production cross section and the square of the branching fraction of the $\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$ in a benchmark model containing almost mass-degenerate gluinos and light-flavour squarks. Under the assumption of an SM-like H 1 → $\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$ branching fraction, H 1 bosons with masses in the range 40–120 GeV arising from the decays of squarks or gluinos with a mass of 1200–2500 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of the CKM angle $\gamma $ in the ${{{B} ^0} \rightarrow {D} {{K} ^{*0}}}$ channel using self-conjugate ${D} \rightarrow {{K} ^0_{\textrm{S}}} h^+ h^-$ decays

A model-independent study of $C\!P$ violation in ${{B} ^0} \rightarrow {D} {{K} ^{*0}}$ decays is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=7, \, 8$ and 13 TeV. The CKM angle $\gamma$ is determined by examining the distributions of signal decays in phase-space bins of the self-conjugate ${D} \rightarrow {{K} ^0_{\textrm{S}}} h^+ h^-$ decays, where $h = \pi , K$. Observables related to $C\!P$ violation are measured and the angle $\gamma$ is determined to be $\gamma =(49^{+ 22}_{-19})^\circ$. Measurements of the amplitude ratio and strong-phase difference between the favoured and suppressed ${B} ^0$ decays are also presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

A precise measurement of the Z -boson double-differential transverse momentum and rapidity distributions in the full phase space of the decay leptons with the ATLAS experiment at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV

This paper presents for the first time a precise measurement of the production properties of the Z boson in the full phase space of the decay leptons. This is in contrast to the many previous precise unfolded measurements per formed in the fiducial phase space of the decay leptons. The measurement is obtained from proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2012 at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb -1 . The results, based on a total of 15.3 million Z boson decays to electron and muon pairs, extend and improve a previous measurement of the full set of angular coefficients describing Z-boson decay. The double-differential cross section distributions in Z-boson transverse momentum pT and rapidity y are measured in the pole region, defined as 80 < m ℓℓ < 100 GeV, over the range |y| < 3.6. The total uncertainty of the normalised cross-section measurements in the peak region of the pT distribution is dominated by statistical uncertainties over the full range and increases as a function of rapidity from 0.5–1.0% for |y| < 2.0 to 2 - 7% at higher rapidities. The results for the rapidity-dependent transverse momentum distributions are compared to state of-the-art QCD predictions, which combine in the best cases approximate N 4 LL resummation with N 3 LO fixed-order per turbative calculations. The differential rapidity distributions integrated over pT are even more precise, with accuracies from 0.2–0.3% for |y| < 2.0 to 0.4–0.9% at higher rapidities, and are compared to fixed-order QCD predictions using the most recent parton distribution functions. The agreement between data and predictions is quite good in most cases.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for light long-lived neutral particles from Higgs boson decays via vector-boson-fusion production from pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is reported for long-lived dark photons with masses between 0.1 GeV and 15 GeV, from exotic decays of Higgs bosons produced via vector-boson-fusion. Events that contain displaced collimated Standard Model fermions reconstructed in the calorimeter or muon spectrometer are probed. This search uses the full LHC Run 2 (2015–2018) data sample collected in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb –1 . Dominant backgrounds from Standard Model processes and non-collision sources are estimated using data-driven techniques. The observed event yields in the signal regions are consistent with the expected background. Upper limits on the Higgs boson to dark photon branching fraction are reported as a function of the dark photon mean proper decay length or of the dark photon mass and the coupling between the Standard Model and the potential dark sector. This search is combined with previous ATLAS searches obtained in the gluon–gluon fusion and WH production modes. A branching fraction above 10% is excluded at 95% CL for a 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying into two dark photons for dark photon mean proper decay lengths between 173 and 1296 mm and mass of 10 GeV.

Aad, G. (ORCID:0000000266654934)↗

Search for $CP$ violation in D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ decays in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A search is reported for charge-parity $CP$ violation in D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ decays, using data collected in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018. The analysis uses a dedicated data set that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 41.6 fb$^{-1}$, which consists of about 10 billion events containing a pair of b hadrons, nearly all of which decay to charm hadrons. The flavor of the neutral D meson is determined by the pion charge in the reconstructed decays D$^{*+}$$\to$ D$^0\pi^+$ and D$^{*-}$$\to$ D$^0\pi^-$. The $CP$ asymmetry in D$^0$$\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ is measured to be $A_{CP}$(K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$) = (6.2 $\pm$ 3.0 $\pm$ 0.2 $\pm$ 0.8)%, where the three uncertainties represent the statistical uncertainty, the systematic uncertainty, and the uncertainty in the measurement of the $CP$ asymmetry in the D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}\pi^+\pi^-$ decay. This is the first $CP$ asymmetry measurement by CMS in the charm sector as well as the first to utilize a fully hadronic final state.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of the Lund jet plane in hadronic decays of top quarks and W bosons with the ATLAS detector

The Lund jet plane (LJP) is measured for the first time in $t\bar{t}$ events, using 140 $\textrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The LJP is a two-dimensional observable of the sub-structure of hadronic jets that acts as a proxy for the kinematics of parton showers and hadron formation. The observable is constructed from charged particles and is measured for R = 1.0 anti-$k_t$ jets with transverse momentum above 350 GeV containing the full decay products of either a top quark or a daughter W boson. The other top quark in the event is identified from its decay into a b-quark, an electron or a muon and a neutrino. The measurement is corrected for detector effects and compared with a range of Monte Carlo predictions sensitive to different aspects of the hadronic decays of the heavy particles. In the W-boson-initiated jets, all the predictions are incompatible with the measurement. In the top quark initiated jets, disagreement with all predictions is observed in smaller subregions of the plane, and with a subset of the predictions across the fiducial plane. The measurement could be used to improve the tuning of Monte Carlo generators, for better modelling of hadronic decays of heavy quarks and bosons, or to improve the performance of jet taggers.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

New opportunities for rare charm from $Z\rightarrow c\bar{c}$ decays

We analyze the potential of rare charm decays as probes of new physics at a high-luminosity flavor facility operating at the Z pole, such as the FCC-ee or CEPC. In particular, we identify clean null-test observables in $D^0 → π^+ π^- v\bar{v}$ and in polarized $Λ^+_c → p ℓ^+ ℓ^-$ decays with $ℓ = e, μ$. Complementarity with the LHC and HL-LHC flavor programs arises from the characteristic features of a Tera-Z environment: the capability to study missing-energy modes and charm production with significant polarization. We improve the theoretical description of $D^0 → π^+ π^- v\bar{v}$ decays and work out the phenomenology of polarization-induced null-test observables in $Λ^+_c → p ℓ^+ ℓ^-$ decays. In regions of dilepton mass near the φ resonance, polarization asymmetries can reach $O$(5%) for muons and $O$(14%) for electrons times the $Λ^+_c$ polarization. We also point out synergies between the dineutrino and the dilepton modes using the SMEFT framework of heavy new physics. Using the IDEA detector concept at FCC-ee, we find in simulation studies that dineutrino branching fractions as low as ~ 2 x 10 -7 can be probed, which reaches well into the parameter space of new physics, and also allows for discrimination of lepton flavor structures. Furthermore, the measurement of asymmetries in $Λ^+_c → p ℓ^+ ℓ^-$ at $O$(1%) will be possible. Similar sensitivities are expected for dielectron final states, although robust predictions will require further dedicated studies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Quantifying Sources of Voltage Decay in Long-Term Durability Testing for PEM Water Electrolysis

Meeting a competitive 1$/kg hydrogen cost target for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) will require advances to significantly reduce capital costs and precious metal catalyst usage, while simultaneously enabling 40,000–80,000 h stack lifetimes under dynamic use conditions. Minimizing cell voltage decay rates is therefore a key goal for PEMWE, although the fundamental processes governing voltage decay are not yet well understood. Here we present a quantitative approach to analyze the contributions to voltage decay in long-term PEMWE testing using polarization curves, impedance spectroscopy, and post-mortem electron microscopy. We apply this approach to analyze a 28 μV h −1 decay rate observed in a 4000 h durability test of a cell using 0.5 mg cm −2 total PGM catalyst loading (0.4 mg Ir cm −2 anode, 0.1 mg Pt cm −2 cathode) and 3 A cm −2 current density. We also analyze a comparative series of 1000 h tests under different conditions. These results provide valuable insights into anode catalyst degradation processes, as well as transferrable methodology for PEMWE durability research.

08 HYDROGEN↗

Temperature Effects on Droplet Oscillation Decay with Application to Fuel Property Measurement

Observation of oscillation decay in droplets has been shown to be an effective approach in determining physical properties such as viscosity and surface tension for emerging biofuels using μl quantities. Herein this work extends the approach to higher temperatures relevant to fuel injection conditions for internal combustion engines. Experiments are conducted that use high-resolution strobed imaging of moving, heated, μm-sized, fuel droplets to capture shape oscillation decay through image processing and analysis. Two fuels are investigated, iso-butanol and a primary reference fuel (PRF 84), which is a mixture of iso-octane and n-heptane. A piezoelectric droplet generator is used to generate a continuous train of single droplets, which are given an initial perturbation and subsequently undergo damped oscillations, captured using strobed imaging. Surface tension and viscosity calculated at four different temperatures ranging from 30°C-55°C using the frequency and decay time associated with the fundamental mode are found to be within ~ 10% of reference values obtained from the literature. Complementary numerical simulations are performed that utilize a volume-of-fluid approach to track transient droplet oscillation phenomena along with heat and mass transfer in a 2D axisymmetric domain. Simulations, where droplet size and temperature can be independently varied, capture an expected decrease in oscillation frequency and increase in decay time, with increase in fuel temperature. The simulations are further used to study the relative contribution to deviations in surface tension and viscosity predictions due to heat and mass transfer from the droplet, as well as viscous effects violating the inviscid flow assumption in the droplet oscillation theory. Mass loss effects are found to be negligible. Temperature change due to heat transfer is found to have the next highest sensitivity, particularly for the more volatile PRF 84, which has a lower viscosity and associated Ohnesorge number. For isobutanol, which has a higher viscosity and Ohnesorge number, viscous effects contribute the most to deviation in fuel property predictions.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

Mechanistic and predictive understanding of needle litter decay in semi-arid mountain ecosystems experiencing unprecedented vegetation mortality. Final report

This research compared needle litter decay rates and underlying mechanisms between litter released from insect-killed trees to that of naturally senesced litter from healthy trees across climate variables with elevation and snowmelt rates as variables. Our research was designed to address questions of whether there is a significant impact to C and N cycling at the terrestrial-atmospheric interface in association with pine needle decomposition and the role of changes in soil moisture and temperature as a function of these processes. Field activities were primarily conducted within the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory’s (RMBL) East River watershed across a spectrum of ecoregions that spanned approximately 700 vertical meters. Forested catchments at these elevations in southwestern Colorado are threatened by heat-induced drought, altered snowmelt patterns, and invasive insect infestation that have all been associated with climate change. Needle litter from two members of the Pinaceae family experiencing large-scale insect infestations (spruce and lodgepole pine) were collected, redeployed and then sampled over the course of three years. We experimentally tested three tractable parameters that are known to impact litter decay and biogeochemical cycling and are relevant to bark beetle-induced tree mortality: (1) moisture content, (2) temperature by using elevation as a surrogate, and (3) changes to litter compositional chemistry that result from beetle infestation. We examined decay processes and monitored the migration of soluble and gaseous nitrogen and carbon species as well as microbiological signatures of decay such as biodegradable fractions, metal availability and the temporal succession of associated microorganisms at the terrestrial interface.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Methodology to Generate Decay Gamma Sources for the Second Target Station Full Target Assembly

This report details the specifics of applying the Position-Averaged Method to the target wedges and staves. The methodology used to calculate the decay gamma sources for a single target wedge to the calculation of the Second Target Station (STS) target assembly activation and the resulting decay gamma source terms are detailed in this report. The methodology has been applied to the entire STS target assembly including all of the target wedges, staves, shaft, and drive. The target staves and shaft have been vertically segmented to ensure the decay gamma source gradient is sufficiently captured. MCNP ® Code Version 6.2.0 with the RNUCS patch coupled with CINDER2008 from the AARE V1.0 package are the main tools used to calculate the decay gamma source terms.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of 136 Xe and Related Nuclear Structure Studies (Final Scientific Report)

The search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0nbb) explores new physics by directly probing the unknown mass scale and possible Majorana nature of the neutrino. The nEXO experiment, one of the two leading proposed ton-scale projects in the US, has a projected sensitivity to the 136 Xe 0nbb half-life of 10 28 years. The interpretation of possible signals in this next generation of experiments would be complicated by significant variations in theoretical calculations of the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) of the decay, and nuclear structure measurements testing those theories can help address that uncertainty. We have 136 Xe(p,n) 136 Cs reaction at TUNL to deduce the level-scheme of states in 136 Cs through which the lowest-lying 1+ state decays. We find that over 99% of such decays will proceed through at least one isomeric state with a lifetime of order 100ns, which would enable large xenon detectors to employ a delayed-coincidence technique to search for charge-exchange processes including solar neutrino interactions. We have carried out measurements at TUNL of the 134 Xe( 3 He,n) 136 Ba and 136 Xe( 3 He,n) 138 Ba reactions to low-lying 0 + states in the residuals to probe the BCS assumption for QRPA NME calculations for the initial and final nuclei in 136 Xe 0nbb. While the analyses of these reactions is not yet complete and is ongoing, our initial results indicate tension with the BCS assumption. We have assembled a thermosyphon cooling R&D system for nEXO which has demonstrated up to 500 W of cooling in vacuum. We have developed a simple thermosyphon cooling simulation for nEXO and planned laboratory tests with the R&D system to benchmark it.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Study of Neutrino Decay Signals at NOvA

NOvA is a long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiment with sensitivity to effects beyond the standard three-flavor oscillation framework. In this work, we study invisible neutrino decay within neutrino oscillations in the context of the NOvA experiment and its impact on measurement of the standard three-flavour parameters. Neutrino decay has been implemented in the oscillation probability calculation and validated against the standard no-decay case. Here we present the current status of the analysis, focusing on oscillation probabilities and neutrino event rate predictions including invisible neutrino decay.

Barros, Andrea [U. Atlantico, Barranquilla] (ORCID↗