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At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsZn8 by Materials Project

CsZn8 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs and fifteen Zn atoms. Both Cs–Cs bond lengths are 3.43 Å. There are a spread of Cs–Zn bond distances ranging from 3.38–4.08 Å. There are six inequivalent Zn sites. In the first Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs and six Zn atoms. There are four shorter (2.69 Å) and two longer (2.91 Å) Zn–Zn bond lengths. In the second Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Cs and six Zn atoms. All Zn–Zn bond lengths are 2.72 Å. In the third Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs and eight Zn atoms. There are four shorter (2.79 Å) and four longer (2.85 Å) Zn–Zn bond lengths. In the fourth Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to one Cs and eight Zn atoms. There are four shorter (2.76 Å) and four longer (2.80 Å) Zn–Zn bond lengths. In the fifth Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to one Cs and eight Zn atoms. There are one shorter (2.52 Å) and one longer (2.89 Å) Zn–Zn bond lengths. In the sixth Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs and eight Zn atoms. The Zn–Zn bond length is 3.00 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs2MgZr(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Cs2MgZr(PO4)3 crystallizes in the cubic P2_13 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs sites. In the first Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.42 Å. In the second Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.36 Å. Mg is bonded to six O atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.10 Å) and three longer (2.13 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. Zr is bonded to six O atoms to form ZrO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.09 Å) and three longer (2.14 Å) Zr–O bond lengths. P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent MgO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent ZrO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 12–41°. There is two shorter (1.53 Å) and two longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Cs, one Mg, and one P atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one Mg, and one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to three Cs, one Zr, and one P atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs, one Zr, and one P atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs2In(IO3)6 by Materials Project

Cs2In(O3I)6 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.32 Å. In is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are four shorter (2.17 Å) and two longer (2.18 Å) In–O bond lengths. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one In, and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one In, and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one In, and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. There are three inequivalent I sites. In the first I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms. In the second I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms. In the third I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsU2(AsO9)2 by Materials Project

CsU2(AsO9)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to eleven O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.83 Å. There are two inequivalent U sites. In the first U site, U is bonded to six O atoms to form UO6 octahedra that share corners with four AsO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.82–2.28 Å. In the second U site, U is bonded to six O atoms to form UO6 octahedra that share corners with four AsO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.82–2.30 Å. There are two inequivalent As sites. In the first As site, As is bonded to four O atoms to form AsO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four UO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 38–40°. All As–O bond lengths are 1.72 Å. In the second As site, As is bonded to four O atoms to form AsO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four UO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 38–41°. There are a spread of As–O bond distances ranging from 1.71–1.73 Å. There are eighteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one U atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one U atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one U atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one U atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one U and one As atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one U, and one As atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one U and one As atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one U, and one As atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one U and one As atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one U and one As atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one U and one As atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one U and one As atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.23 Å. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.22 Å. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one O atom. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.23 Å. In the seventeenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one O atom. In the eighteenth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs2FeCl5O by Materials Project

Cs2FeOCl5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs sites. In the first Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O and nine Cl atoms. Both Cs–O bond lengths are 3.68 Å. There are eight shorter (3.62 Å) and one longer (3.95 Å) Cs–Cl bond lengths. In the second Cs site, Cs is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to ten Cl atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.60–3.83 Å. Fe is bonded in an octahedral geometry to one O and five Cl atoms. The Fe–O bond length is 1.79 Å. There are one shorter (2.29 Å) and four longer (2.40 Å) Fe–Cl bond lengths. O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one Fe atom. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Cs and one Fe atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Cs and one Fe atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsOs2O9 by Materials Project

CsOs2O9 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to fourteen O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.67 Å. There are two inequivalent Os sites. In the first Os site, Os is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. There are four shorter (1.74 Å) and one longer (2.29 Å) Os–O bond lengths. In the second Os site, Os is bonded in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry to five O atoms. There are a spread of Os–O bond distances ranging from 1.74–2.20 Å. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one Os atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one Os atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one Os atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one Os atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs and two Os atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one Os atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one Os atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one Os atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one Os atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsDyN4O15 by Materials Project

CsDyN4O15 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to ten O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.08–3.66 Å. Dy is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Dy–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.54 Å. There are four inequivalent N sites. In the first N site, N is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.22–1.31 Å. In the second N site, N is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.23–1.30 Å. In the third N site, N is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.24–1.29 Å. In the fourth N site, N is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.23–1.30 Å. There are fifteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs, one Dy, and one N atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one Dy, and one N atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one N atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one Dy, and one N atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Dy and one N atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one N atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Dy and one N atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Dy and one N atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one N atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs, one Dy, and one N atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one N atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one Dy, and one N atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.33 Å) O–O bond length. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Dy and one O atom. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Alteration of the Cesium-137 soil profile by wild boar rooting after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Large amounts of Cesium-137 ( 137 Cs, physical half-life ca. 30 years) were released into the environment from the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in Japan. Initially contaminants from the accident were deposited on the surface soil layers in terrestrial ecosystems, but over time vertical migration of 137 Cs has occurred, with most 137 Cs now distributed a few centimeters below the soil surface. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) rooting likely alters the distribution of contaminants in soil profiles. Such impacts may be particularly pronounced in areas contaminated from the FDNPP accident, given the increase in abundance of wild boar in these areas. Our objective was to determine whether rooting by wild boar alters the distribution of 137 Cs contamination within soil profiles through collection of soil cores from control sites and two different types of rooting samples, “new depressions” and “old depressions” within the difficult-to-return zone surrounding the FDNPP. The 137 Cs ratio [activity concentration of 137 Cs at each depth / the maximum activity concentration of 137 Cs in each core sample] rapidly decreased after reaching a peak at the control sites. However, the 137 Cs ratio at all rooted sites decreased more slowly, and 137 Cs was distributed deeper into the soil layers than control sites, across both new and old rooting sites. Moreover, the 137 Cs soil profiles varied greatly among core samples and sampling sites. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that soil disturbance from wild boar rooting can directly influence the distribution of contaminants within soil profiles. However, the extent to which deeper layers are affected by contamination depends on the unique characteristics (i.e., depth of rooting) of each wild boar rooting disturbance. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of long-term rooting on the alteration of 137 Cs in soil profiles.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
DOE OSTI2023

Towards the sustainable conversion of corn stover into bioenergy and bioproducts through biochemical route: Technical, economic and strategic perspectives

Corn stover (CS) is one of the most abundant agricultural wastes and is ubiquitous around the world that is left over after grain harvest and accounts for 47–50% dry mass of the total grain yield. The global CS yield is 1661.25 million tons/year, which is 27.2% of the total agricultural waste. CS consists of about 34.5% stems, 32.3% leaves, 14.3% husks, 12.3% cobs and 6.6% flowers, with up to 45% cellulose, 30% hemicellulose and 20% lignin. Further, due to its favorable economic and environmental potential, CS is considered an ideal raw material for producing biofuels and biobased chemicals, which can largely be divided into carbohydrate and lignin platforms. However, the techno-economic perspectives of CS-based biorefineries have remained questionable due to the inadequate supply chain logistics, lack of cost-effective conversion technologies, limited scale-up of the product-specific technologies, and lower competitiveness in the market compared to their counterparts, such as sugar and starch-based biorefineries. While CS is converted by thermochemical and biochemical approaches, the latter is considered to be more sustainable for its selective conversion under mild conditions using microorganisms. This review aimed to critically discuss the latest research and developments on the biochemical conversion of CS into biofuels and chemicals. In particular, this paper covers the market potential of biofuels and chemicals to which CS can make a significant contribution, technological developments in the microbial conversion of CS, major biofuels and chemicals produced from CS-derived carbohydrates and lignin, and the technoeconomic perspectives of CS-based biorefinery.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Ducted Fuel Injection And Cooled Spray Technologies For Particulate Control In Heavy-duty Diesel Engines (Final Report)

Cooled Spray (CS) and Ducted Fuel Injection (DFI) are in-cylinder technologies for diesel engines that can reduce particulate matter and soot emissions and data has been published showing that these technologies can reduce soot emissions by 75-100% for some engines at some operating conditions. However, little is known about scaling the devices for engine size. Additionally, the performance of either technology over the engine duty cycle has not been explored. This project addresses both of these points through single-cylinder engine investigations. The objectives of this project are to provide details about dimensional scaling of these devices and to demonstrate 75% PM reduction over a range of operating conditions on a single-cylinder engine. Two engines were used for this project: a 125mm bore optically accessible engine at Sandia National Laboratories and a 168mm bore metal engine at Southwest Research Institute. The optical engine was used to study the performance of DFI and CS inserts for a large injector orifice diameter injector that is characteristic of a locomotive engine and to perform scaling studies for DFI. The metal engine was used to perform scaling and alignment studies for CS and to evaluate the technology for both EGR and non-EGR engines over the engine operating map. Modifications were required for both engines to accept the prototype inserts being tested. The optical engine required a new fuel injector, cylinder head and piston so that tests could be run at the pressures and engine speeds required. Additionally, a novel rotating stage was designed for the optical engine to simplify alignment of the modules. The metal engine required a modified cylinder head to accept CS inserts and a modified piston to provide additional space around the fuel injector for the CS inserts. Tests on the optical engine showed that DFI reduces PM emissions for both small injector orifices (0.170mm diameter) and large injector orifices (0.290mm). For high load testing, the DFI modules were not as effective as at low load testing, but it was acknowledged that minimal geometric optimization was performed and more improvements may be possible. Comparing DFI to CS and conventional diesel combustion (CDC), DFI performed better than CS or CDC. The CS geometries used in these studies may not be ideal for that engine and additional modifications likely would improve performance. Tests on the metal engine showed PM reductions as high has 80% at some operating conditions with duty-cycle PM reductions of ~50% for EGR and non-EGR configurations. The CS testing on the metal engine showed that chamfering of the fuel passage inlet either through hydro-erosion or mechanical grinding provided significant improvements in the PM reduction capabilities of the insert. Additionally, alignment sensitivities were explored and the data show that the tolerance to misalignment is approximately 0.05 to 0.1mm for the inserts that were studied here. Air-fuel ratio was shown to be important in the effectiveness of the CS inserts. In several tests, it was shown that the CS inserts are more effective at reducing the PM for high-AFR operating conditions compared to low AFR conditions. In summary, multiple designs were evaluated on both engines. It was found that for the conditions and configurations studied here, a fuel passage diameter of ~2.5mm performed best overall. Significant duty-cycle PM reductions are possible using these technologies and sensitivities to AFR, alignment fuel passage diameter and inlet fuel passage shaping were explored and are reported here. More PM reduction may be possible with improved geometric design and attention to alignment practices.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ion Exchange Processing of AW-105 Hanford Tank Waste through Crystalline Silicotitanate in a Staged 2- then 3-Column System

The Hanford Site stores an estimated 56 million gallons of mixed radioactive and chemically hazardous waste in large underground tanks. In support of the Direct Feed Low-Activity Waste (DFLAW) Program for expediting Hanford tank waste supernate treatment, laboratory-scale ion exchange processing using prototypic unit operations was conducted on AW-105 tank waste at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Radiochemical Processing Laboratory. This report describes the small-scale ion exchange testing with 9.2 L of diluted and filtered supernate from Tank 241-AW-105 (hereafter referred to as AW-105) at 16 °C (62 °F). One of the waste acceptance criteria (WAC) for the Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) Low-Activity Waste Facility is that the waste must contain less than 3.18×10 -5 Ci 137 Cs per mole of Na. For the AW-105 tank waste to meet this criterion, only 0.225% of the influent 137 Cs concentration may be delivered to the WTP; this requires a Cs decontamination factor of 445. Testing with AW-105 matched current Tank Side Cesium Removal (TSCR) facility prototypic operations where a lead-lag configuration was used until the lag column reached the WAC limit, then a polish column was brought online for continued processing in a lead-lag-polish column configuration. Feed was processed at 1.9 bed volumes (BVs) per hour; the flowrate, in terms of contact time with the crystalline silicotitanate (CST) bed, matched the expected flowrate at TSCR. The Cs-decontaminated product was retained for vitrification testing (to be reported separately). The lead column reached 83% Cs breakthrough after processing ~1500 BVs of feed; the 50% Cs breakthrough was interpolated from the breakthrough data and occurred at 1041 BVs. Despite the AW-105 having a significantly higher K concentration (0.55 M compared to 0.10 M), testing compared to previous AP-107 ion exchange column testing at 16 °C showed no difference in BVs processed to reach the WAC on the lead column and only an approximate ~20 BV decrease in volume processed to reach the WAC limit on the lag column. The negligible differences in capacity despite the 5x concentration differences in K was determined to be due to the significantly lower NO3 concentration in the AW-105 supernate compared to the AP-107 tank waste matrix. A comparison in breakthrough curves for the two tests also indicated slightly faster kinetic behavior in the AW-105, with the variations in feed matrices (lower NO3 concentration) likely responsible for the deviation. The Cs effluent from the lag column reached the WAC limit after processing 772 BVs. Anticipating this breakthrough point, the polish column was preemptively installed around 675 BVs. Cs breakthrough from the lag column began at 300 BVs, reaching 1.10×10 1 µCi/mL, or 14.13 % Cs breakthrough, after processing all 1500 BVs of feed. The polish column processed nominally 830 BVs and reached 2.10×10 -1 µCi/mL, or 0.27 % Cs breakthrough at the conclusion of the test. Table S.1 and Figure S.1 summarize the observed column performance and relevant Cs loading characteristics.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs2LiMnO4 by Materials Project

Cs2LiMnO4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmc2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs sites. In the first Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.22 Å. In the second Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.21 Å. Li is bonded to four O atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one MnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.04 Å. Mn is bonded to four O atoms to form MnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.72–1.74 Å. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Cs, one Li, and one Mn atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to four Cs, one Li, and one Mn atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to four Cs, one Li, and one Mn atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs4Sn23 by Materials Project

Cs4Sn23 crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3n space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs sites. In the first Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve Sn atoms. There are eight shorter (4.29 Å) and four longer (4.50 Å) Cs–Sn bond lengths. In the second Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to twenty Sn atoms. There are eight shorter (4.06 Å) and twelve longer (4.19 Å) Cs–Sn bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Cs and four Sn atoms. There are a spread of Sn–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.01 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded to four equivalent Cs and four equivalent Sn atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing SnCs4Sn4 tetrahedra. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to one Cs and four Sn atoms. The Sn–Sn bond length is 2.90 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs5In3As4 by Materials Project

Cs5In3As4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are ten inequivalent Cs1+ sites. In the first Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four As3- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.62–3.90 Å. In the second Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five As3- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.72–4.13 Å. In the third Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to five As3- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.83–4.27 Å. In the fourth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four As3- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.64–3.85 Å. In the fifth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to six As3- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.75–4.20 Å. In the sixth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six As3- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.59–4.07 Å. In the seventh Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to five As3- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.74–4.13 Å. In the eighth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded to five As3- atoms to form distorted CsAs5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with six InAs4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one InAs4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CsAs5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.77–4.04 Å. In the ninth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four As3- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.68–4.01 Å. In the tenth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three As3- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–As bond distances ranging from 3.61–3.76 Å. There are six inequivalent In+2.33+ sites. In the first In+2.33+ site, In+2.33+ is bonded to four As3- atoms to form InAs4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent CsAs5 trigonal bipyramids and edges with two equivalent InAs4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of In–As bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.80 Å. In the second In+2.33+ site, In+2.33+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three As3- atoms. There are two shorter (2.92 Å) and one longer (3.01 Å) In–As bond lengths. In the third In+2.33+ site, In+2.33+ is bonded to four As3- atoms to form edge-sharing InAs4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of In–As bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.82 Å. In the fourth In+2.33+ site, In+2.33+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three As3- atoms. There are a spread of In–As bond distances ranging from 2.78–2.84 Å. In the fifth In+2.33+ site, In+2.33+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three As3- atoms. There are a spread of In–As bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.90 Å. In the sixth In+2.33+ site, In+2.33+ is bonded to four As3- atoms to form InAs4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CsAs5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent InAs4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CsAs5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of In–As bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.79 Å. There are eight inequivalent As3- sites. In the first As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Cs1+ and three In+2.33+ atoms. In the second As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Cs1+ and two In+2.33+ atoms. In the third As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to seven Cs1+ and two In+2.33+ atoms. In the fourth As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Cs1+ and three In+2.33+ atoms. In the fifth As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to five Cs1+ and three In+2.33+ atoms. In the sixth As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four Cs1+ and three In+2.33+ atoms. In the seventh As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Cs1+ and two In+2.33+ atoms. In the eighth As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to five Cs1+ and three In+2.33+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs2MnTe2 by Materials Project

Cs2MnTe2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Cs1+ sites. In the first Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, two Mn2+, and one Te2- atom. The Cs–Cs bond length is 3.28 Å. Both Cs–Mn bond lengths are 2.92 Å. The Cs–Te bond length is 3.40 Å. In the second Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+ and three Te2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–Te bond distances ranging from 3.28–4.22 Å. In the third Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+ and three Te2- atoms. The Cs–Cs bond length is 3.33 Å. There are one shorter (3.29 Å) and two longer (4.20 Å) Cs–Te bond lengths. In the fourth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, two Mn2+, and one Te2- atom. Both Cs–Mn bond lengths are 2.89 Å. The Cs–Te bond length is 3.45 Å. There are two inequivalent Mn2+ sites. In the first Mn2+ site, Mn2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Cs1+ and two Te2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.37 Å) and one longer (2.38 Å) Mn–Te bond lengths. In the second Mn2+ site, Mn2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Cs1+ and two Te2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.37 Å) and one longer (2.38 Å) Mn–Te bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+ atoms. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+ and two Mn2+ atoms. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+ and two Mn2+ atoms. In the fourth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Cs1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsUPNO9 by Materials Project

CsUPNO9 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.22–3.52 Å. U is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.81–2.56 Å. P is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. All P–O bond lengths are 1.55 Å. N is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.23–1.29 Å. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one U, and one P atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one U atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one U and one P atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one U, and one P atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs, one U, and one N atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one U atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one U, and one N atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one P atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one N atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs2Bi2Pd by Materials Project

Cs2PdBi2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs sites. In the first Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Bi atoms. There are two shorter (3.98 Å) and four longer (4.39 Å) Cs–Bi bond lengths. In the second Cs site, Cs is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Pd and six equivalent Bi atoms. Both Cs–Pd bond lengths are 3.46 Å. There are two shorter (4.01 Å) and four longer (4.14 Å) Cs–Bi bond lengths. Pd is bonded to two equivalent Cs and four equivalent Bi atoms to form distorted face-sharing PdCs2Bi4 octahedra. All Pd–Bi bond lengths are 2.79 Å. Bi is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six Cs, two equivalent Pd, and one Bi atom. The Bi–Bi bond length is 2.99 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs10Ge2O9 by Materials Project

Cs10Ge2O9 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are ten inequivalent Cs1+ sites. In the first Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 2.83–3.37 Å. In the second Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.42 Å. In the third Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 2.74–3.37 Å. In the fourth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 2.85–3.53 Å. In the fifth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 2.77–3.43 Å. In the sixth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.27 Å. In the seventh Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.00 Å. In the eighth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.45 Å. In the ninth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.30 Å. In the tenth Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.76 Å) and one longer (3.01 Å) Cs–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ge4+ sites. In the first Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ge–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–1.82 Å. In the second Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ge–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–1.82 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to six Cs1+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to five Cs1+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Cs1+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Cs1+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Cs1+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to five Cs1+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to five Cs1+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to six Cs1+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Cs1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗