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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Rod-filter-field optimization of the J-PARC RF-driven H{sup −} ion source

In order to satisfy the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) second-stage requirements of an H{sup −} ion beam of 60mA within normalized emittances of 1.5πmm•mrad both horizontally and vertically, a flat top beam duty factor of 1.25% (500μs×25Hz) and a life-time of longer than 1month, the J-PARC cesiated RF-driven H{sup −} ion source was developed by using an internal-antenna developed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Although rod-filter-field (RFF) is indispensable and one of the most beam performance dominative parameters for the RF-driven H{sup −} ion source with the internal-antenna, the procedure to optimize it is not established. In order to optimize the RFF and establish the procedure, the beam performances of the J-PARC source with various types of rod-filter-magnets (RFMs) were measured. By changing RFM’s gap length and gap number inside of the region projecting the antenna inner-diameter along the beam axis, the dependence of the H{sup −} ion beam intensity on the net 2MHz-RF power was optimized. Furthermore, the fine-tuning of RFM’s cross-section (magnetmotive force) was indispensable for easy operation with the temperature (T{sub PE}) of the plasma electrode (PE) lower than 70°C, which minimizes the transverse emittances. The 5% reduction of RFM’s cross-section decreased the time-constant to recover the cesium effects after an slightly excessive cesiation on the PE from several 10 minutes to several minutes for T{sub PE} around 60°C.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Surface plasma source with saddle antenna radio frequency plasma generator

A prototype RF H{sup -} surface plasma source (SPS) with saddle (SA) RF antenna is developed which will provide better power efficiency for high pulsed and average current, higher brightness with longer lifetime and higher reliability. Several versions of new plasma generators with small AlN discharge chambers and different antennas and magnetic field configurations were tested in the plasma source test stand. A prototype SA SPS was installed in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) ion source test stand with a larger, normal-sized SNS AlN chamber that achieved unanalyzed peak currents of up to 67 mA with an apparent efficiency up to 1.6 mA/kW. Control experiments with H{sup -} beam produced by SNS SPS with internal and external antennas were conducted. A new version of the RF triggering plasma gun has been designed. A saddle antenna SPS with water cooling is fabricated for high duty factor testing.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Nonintrusive Emittance Measurement of 1GeV H- Beam with a Laser

A laser wire based transverse phase space measurement system has been developed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The system allows a nonintrusive measurement of 1GeV hydrogen ion (H-) beam at the high energy beam transport (HEBT). This paper describes the design, installation, and measurement performance of the system. Major technical challenges in the implementation and commissioning of the nonintrusive phase space diagnostics at high brightness particle accelerator facilities are discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Measurement of inelastic cross sections in relativistic deuteron-on-lead reactions

The inelastic cross section of deuterons hitting a lead target has been determined by the beam attenuation technique. A spallation neutron source based on a lead target was irradiated with 1.6- and 2.5-GeV deuterons. Solid-state nuclear track detectors as well as the activation method were used to obtain the neutron and proton distribution along the surface of the source. The attenuation coefficient was estimated by fitting the experimental data and taking into account the buildup effect and the beam attenuation. Using the attenuation coefficient, the interaction length and then the inelastic cross section of deuterons on lead reaction were determined.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Elucidating High Field Phases of the Multiferroic MnWO4 with a Pulsed Magnetic Field and Time of Flight Neutron Laue Diffraction

We have combined time-of-flight neutron Laue diffraction and pulsed high magnetic fields at the Spallation Neutron Source to study the phase diagram of the multiferroic material MnWO4. The control of the field-pulse timing enabled an exploration of magnetic Bragg scattering through the time dependence of both the neutron wavelength and the pulsed magnetic field. This allowed us to observe several magnetic Bragg peaks in different field-induced phases of MnWO4 with a single instrument configuration. These phases were not previously amenable to neutron diffraction studies due to the large fields involved.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

RF Distribution System for High Power Test of the SNS Cryomodule

A four-way waveguide RF power distribution system for testing the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) multi-cavity cryomodule to investigate the collective behavior has been developed. A single klystron operating at 805MHz for 1.3 msec at 60Hz powers the 4-way waveguide splitter to deliver up to 400 kW to individual cavities. Each cavity is fed through a combination of waveguide splitters and vector modulators (VM) to provide independent magnitude and phase controls. The waveguide vector modulator consists of two quadrature hybrids and two motorized waveguide phase shifters. The phase shifters and the assembled waveguide vector modulators were individually tested and characterized for low power and high RF power in the SNS RF test facility. Precise calibrations of magnitude and phase were performed to generate the look up tables (LUTs) to provide operational references during the cryomodule test. An I-Q demodulator module was developed and utilized to measure relative phases in pulsed high RF power operation. PLC units were developed for mechanical control of the phase shifters. Initial low/high power measurements were made using LabVIEW. An operation algorithm has been implemented into EPICS control for the cryomodule test stand.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

High Intensity Accelerator and Neutron Source in China

High intensity Accelerator is being studied all over world for numerous applications, which includes the waste transmutation, spallation neutron source and material irradiation facilities. The R/D activities of the technology of High intensity accelerator are also developed in China for some year, and have some good facilities around China. This paper will reports the status of some high intensity accelerators and neutron source in China, which including ADS/RFQ; CARR; CSNS; PKUNIFTY and CPHS. This paper will emphatically report the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) led by the Department of Engineering Physics of Tsinghua University in Beijing, China.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Requirements and sensitivity analysis for temporally- and spatially-resolved thermometry using neutron resonance spectroscopy

Neutron resonance spectroscopy (NRS) has been used extensively to make temperature measurements that are accurate, absolute, and nonperturbative within the interior of material samples under extreme conditions applied quasistatically. Yet NRS has seldom been used in dynamic experiments. There is a compelling incentive to do so because of the significant shortcomings of alternative techniques. An important barrier to adopting dynamic NRS thermometry is the difficulty in fielding it with conventional spallation neutron sources. To enable time-dependent and spatially resolved temperature measurements in dynamic environments, more compact neutron sources that can be used at user facilities in conjunction with other diagnostic probes (such as x-ray light sources) are required. Such sources may be available using ultrafast high-intensity optical lasers. We evaluate such possibilities by determining the sensitivities of the temperature estimate on neutron-beam and diagnostic parameters. Based on that evaluation, requirements are set on a pulsed neutron-source and diagnostics to make a meaningful dynamic temperature measurement. Dynamic thermometry measurements are examined in this context when driven by two alternative fast-neutron sources: the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center (LANSCE) proton accelerator driving isotropic spallation neutrons as a baseline and a laser-plasma ion accelerator driving a neutron beam from deuterium breakup. Strategies to close the gap between the required and demonstrated performance of laser-based fast-neutron sources are presented. A short-pulse high-intensity laser with state-of-the-art pulse contrast and an energy of a few hundred Joules would drive a compact neutron source suitable for NRS thermometry that could transform the dynamic study of materials.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Laser-assisted high-energy proton pulse extraction for feasibility study of co-located muon source at the SNS

Here, we have experimentally demonstrated the first non-intrusive 1-GeV proton beam extraction for the generation of muons with a temporal structure optimized for Muon Spin Relaxation/Rotation/Resonance (μSR) applications. The proton pulses are extracted based on the laser neutralization of 1 GeV hydrogen ion (H - ) beam in the high energy beam transport of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator. The maximum flux of the extracted proton beam based on laser neutralization causes only 0.2% reduction of the total proton beam used for neutron production, a marked difference from the 20% reduction at other co-located muon and neutron facilities, and thus the proposed method will result in negligible impact on the SNS operation. This paper describes the development of a fiber/solid-state hybrid laser system that has high flexibility of pulse structure and output power, initial experiments on laser neutralization of beam and separation of H 0 beam from the existing SNS accelerator beam line, conversion of H 0 to proton at the SNS linac dump, and measurement results of 30 ns/50 kHz proton pulses. This system conclusively demonstrates the feasibility of laser-based proton beam extraction to power a world-leading μSR facility at the SNS.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

Development of a 33 kV, 20 A long pulse converter modulator for high average power klystron

Research, design, and development of high average power, long pulse modulators for the proposed Indian Spallation Neutron Source are underway at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology. With this objective, a prototype of long pulse modulator capable of delivering 33 kV, 20 A at 5 Hz repetition rate has been designed and developed. Three Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) based switching modules driving high frequency, high voltage transformers have been used to generate high voltage output. The IGBT based switching modules are shifted in phase by 120° with respect to each other. The switching frequency is 25 kHz. Pulses of 1.6 ms pulse width, 80 μs rise time, and 70 μs fall time have been achieved at the modulator output. A droop of ±0.6% is achieved using a simple segmented digital droop correction technique. The total fault energy transferred to the load during fault has been measured by conducting wire burn tests and is found to be within 3.5 J.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Neutron capture on {sup 94}Zr: Resonance parameters and Maxwellian-averaged cross sections

The neutron capture cross sections of the Zr isotopes play an important role in nucleosynthesis studies. The s-process reaction flow between the Fe seed and the heavier isotopes passes through the neutron magic nucleus {sup 90}Zr and through {sup 91,92,93,94}Zr, but only part of the flow extends to {sup 96}Zr because of the branching point at {sup 95}Zr. Apart from their effect on the s-process flow, the comparably small isotopic (n,{gamma}) cross sections make Zr also an interesting structural material for nuclear reactors. The {sup 94}Zr (n,{gamma}) cross section has been measured with high resolution at the spallation neutron source n{sub T}OF at CERN and resonance parameters are reported up to 60 keV neutron energy.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Magnetic Designs of New First Target Beamline Magnets for the ORNL SNS Upgrade

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at ORNL currently is being upgraded from 1.0 GeV to 1.3 GeV. Several water-cooled magnets should be upgraded to transport 30% of higher beam energy. New chicane, injection/extraction septum, and Lambertson magnets were designed. Designing the magnets was a challenging task because the new magnets required good combined integrated field quality and needed to occupy the old magnets space but with about 20% greater integrated magnetic field. Additional strong requirements applied to the magnets fringe field do not disturb the circulating beam. The special field profiles had to be provided in foil areas between magnets. The analysis described here was based on OPERA3D simulations. A special technique was used for analyzing the integrated field harmonics. Initially, the particle track was simulated, and integrated field components were calculated along this track for the reference radius, which were used for the harmonics analysis. In addition, 3D field maps were provided for beam optics simulations. The final beamline analysis confirmed good beam transmission and low losses.

3d field maps↗
DOE OSTI2015

SNS Sample Activation Calculator Flux Recommendations and Validation

The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) uses the Sample Activation Calculator (SAC) to calculate the activation of a sample after the sample has been exposed to the neutron beam in one of the SNS beamlines. The SAC webpage takes user inputs (choice of beamline, the mass, composition and area of the sample, irradiation time, decay time, etc.) and calculates the activation for the sample. In recent years, the SAC has been incorporated into the user proposal and sample handling process, and instrument teams and users have noticed discrepancies in the predicted activation of their samples. The Neutronics Analysis Team validated SAC by performing measurements on select beamlines and confirmed the discrepancies seen by the instrument teams and users. The conclusions were that the discrepancies were a result of a combination of faulty neutron flux spectra for the instruments, improper inputs supplied by SAC (1.12), and a mishandling of cross section data in the Sample Activation Program for Easy Use (SAPEU) (1.1.2). This report focuses on the conclusion that the SAPEU (1.1.2) beamline neutron flux spectra have errors and are a significant contributor to the activation discrepancies. The results of the analysis of the SAPEU (1.1.2) flux spectra for all beamlines will be discussed in detail. The recommendations for the implementation of improved neutron flux spectra in SAPEU (1.1.3) are also discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Intial characterization fo a commerical electron gun for profiling high intensity proton beams in Project X

Measuring the profile of a high-intensity proton beam is problematic in that traditional invasive techniques such as flying wires don't survive the encounter with the beam. One alternative is the use of an electron beam as a probe of the charge distribution in the proton beam as was done at the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL. Here we present an initial characterization of the beam from a commercial electron gun from Kimball Physics, intended for use in the Fermilab Main Injector for Project X. Despite the fact that the horizontal spot size is abnormally large in the high current measurement, the spot size at the downstream cross X2 is reasonable in the context of measuring the deflection. A thin foil OTR would help with the beam heating and should be tried. The next phase of this experiment is to simulate the proton beam with a pair of current carrying wires and to design and construct a fast deflector. Some of the remaining issues to be considered include determining the minimum beam current needed to observe the deflected beam for a given sweep time and the impact of longitudinal variations in the charge density of the bunch.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF WAVEGUIDE WINDOW AND COUPLER IRIS FOR PRECISION MATCHING

A tapered ridge waveguide iris input coupler and a waveguide ceramic disk windows are used on each of six drift tube linac (DTL) cavities in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The coupler design employs rapidly tapered double ridge waveguide to reduce the cross section down to a smaller low impedance transmission line section that can couple to the DTL tank easily. The impedance matching is done by adjusting the dimensions of the thin slit aperture between the ridges that is the coupling element responsible for the power delivery to the cavity. Since the coupling is sensitive to the dimensional changes of the aperture, it requires careful tuning for precise matching. Accurate RF simulation using latest 3-D EM code is desirable to help the tuning for maintenance and spare manufacturing. Simulations are done for the complete system with the ceramic window and the coupling iris on the cavity to see mutual interaction between the components as a whole.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2012

Wavelength-Shifting-Fiber Scintillation Detectors for Thermal Neutron Imaging at SNS

We have developed wavelength-Shifting-fiber Scintillator Detector (SSD) with 0.3 m2 area per module. Each module has 154 x 7 pixels and a 5 mm x 50 mm pixel size. Our goal is to design a large area neutron detector offering higher detection efficiency and higher count-rate capability for Time-Of-Flight (TOF) neutron diffraction in Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). A ZnS/6LiF scintillator combined with a novel fiber encoding scheme was used to record the neutron events. A channel read-out-card (CROC) based digital-signal processing electronics and position-determination algorithm was applied for neutron imaging. Neutron-gamma discrimination was carried out using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). A sandwich flat-scintillator detector can have detection efficiency close to He-3 tubes (about 10 atm). A single layer flat-scintillator detector has count rate capability of 6,500 cps/cm2, which is acceptable for powder diffractometers at SNS.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

The First ASME Code Stamped Cryomodule at SNS

The first spare cryomodule for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has been designed, fabricated, and tested by SNS personnel. The approach to design for this cryomodule was to hold critical design features identical to the original design such as bayonet positions, coupler positions, cold mass assembly, and overall footprint. However, this is the first SNS cryomodule that meets the pressure requirements put forth in the 10 CFR 851: Worker Safety and Health Program. The most significant difference is that Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was applied to the vacuum vessel of this cryomodule. Applying the pressure code to the helium vessels within the cryomodule was considered. However, it was determined to be schedule prohibitive because it required a code case for materials that are not currently covered by the code. Good engineering practice was applied to the internal components to verify the quality and integrity of the entire cryomodule. The design of the cryomodule, fabrication effort, and cryogenic test results will be reported in this paper.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Dose rate verification for SNS spent structures - 25433

Residual dose rate measurements were conducted on two Spallation Neutron Source spent structures, target vessel no. 13 and proton beam window no. 5, after extraction from their service locations. These measurements were used to verify calculation methods for radionuclide inventory assessment that are typically performed for nuclear waste characterization and transportation. Neutronics analyses for predicting residual dose rates were carried out using complex and rigorous geometric models of the structures and their surroundings. Calculational results were analyzed and compared to the measured dose rates. (authors)

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗