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406 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2023

Critical Heat Flux of Liquid Hydrogen, Liquid Methane, and Liquid Oxygen: A Review of Available Data and Predictive Tools

Available experimental data dealing with critical heat flux (CHF) of liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid methane (LCH4), and liquid oxygen (LO2) in pool and flow boiling are compiled. The compiled data are compared with widely used correlations. Experimental pool boiling CHF data for the aforementioned cryogens are scarce. Based on only 25 data points found in five independent sources, the correlation of Sun and Lienhard (1970) is recommended for predicting the pool CHF of LH2. Only two experiments with useful CHF data for the pool boiling of LCH4 could be found. Four different correlations including the correlation of Lurie and Noyes (1964) can predict the pool boiling CHF of LCH4 within a factor of two for more than 70% of the data. Furthermore, based on the 19 data points taken from only two available sources, the correlation of Sun and Lienhard (1970) is recommended for the prediction of pool CHF of LO2. Flow boiling CHF data for LH2 could be found in seven experimental studies, five of them from the same source. Based on the 91 data points, it is suggested that the correlation of Katto and Ohno (1984) be used to predict the flow CHF of LH2. No useful data could be found for flow boiling CHF of LCH4 or LO2. The available databases for flow boiling of LCH4 and LO2 are generally deficient in all boiling regimes. This deficiency is particularly serious with respect to flow boiling.

Multi-Phase Flow↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Modeling of Cryogenic Heated-Tube Flow Boiling Experiments of Hydrogen and Helium With the Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program

Accurate modeling of cryogenic boiling heat transfer is vital for the development of extended-duration space missions. Such missions may require the transfer of cryogenic propellants from in-space storage depots or the cooling of nuclear reactors. Purdue University in collaboration with NASA has assembled a database of cryogenic flow boiling data points from heated-tube experiments dating back to 1959, which has been used to develop new flow boiling correlations specifically for cryogens. Computational models of several of these experiments have been constructed in the Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP), a network flow code developed at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. The new Purdue-developed universal correlations cover the full boiling curve: onset of nucleate boiling, nucleate boiling, critical heat flux, and film boiling. These correlations have been coded into GFSSP user subroutines. The fluids modeled in this study are liquid hydrogen and liquid helium. Predictions of local wall temperature and pressure drop are presented and compared to the test data.

multi-phase flow↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

CFD Modeling of Tank Pressurization and Axial Jet Mixing Experiments with and without Non-Condensable Gas in the Ullage

A two-phase CFD model for tank pressurization and following jet mixing of a cryogenic storage tank is presented using VOF approach for representing the phase boundary and the associated interfacial heat, mass and momentum transfer between the liquid and vapor regions. The CFD model was validated against pressurization and liquid jet mixing data for a 110-inch diameter tank provided by Bullard1. Cases with like-gas and non-condensable gas pressurization are studied. The results of the cases with like-gas pressurization and following mixing are presented first, focusing on the effects of turbulence at the vapor-liquid interface on the tank pressure and phase change rates predictions. The second part of this paper is devoted to testing and validating the CFD model against non-condensable gas pressurization and following mixing. Tank pressures predicted in both cases are compared with each other and with the experimental data.

Computational Fluid Dynamics↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Validation of a Two-Phase CFD Model for Predicting Propellant Tank Pressurization and Pressure Collapse in The Ground-Based K-Site Hydrogen Slosh Experiment

A two-phase CFD model for tank pressurization and following sloshing in a cryogenic storage tank partially filled with liquid hydrogen is presented using the Volume-Of-Fluid approach for representing the phase boundary and the associated interfacial heat, mass and momentum transfer between the liquid and the vapor regions. The CFD model was validated against pressurization and sloshing data for a 62 cubic foot tank provided by Moran et al. Cases with different sloshing amplitudes and frequencies are studied. The results of modeling tank pressurization are presented first followed by the results of sloshing cases. Predicted tank pressures are compared with the experimental data.

Computational Fluid Dynamics↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Validation of a Two-Phase CFD Model for Predicting Propellant Tank Pressurization and Pressure Collapse in the Ground-Based K-Site Hydrogen Slosh Experiment

A two-phase CFD model for tank pressurization and following sloshing in a cryogenic storage tank partially filled with liquid hydrogen is presented using the Volume-Of-Fluid approach for representing the phase boundary and the associated interfacial heat, mass and momentum transfer between the liquid and the vapor regions. The CFD model was validated against pressurization and sloshing data for a 62 cubic foot tank provided by Moran et al. Cases with different sloshing amplitudes and frequencies are studied. The results of modeling tank pressurization are presented first followed by the results of sloshing cases. Predicted tank pressures are compared with the experimental data.

Computational Fluid Dynamics↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

CFD Modeling of Tank Pressurization and Axial Jet Mixing Experiments with and without Non-Condensable Gas in the Ullage

A two-phase CFD model for tank pressurization and following jet mixing of a cryogenic storage tank is presented using VOF approach for representing the phase boundary and the associated interfacial heat, mass and momentum transfer between the liquid and vapor regions. The CFD model was validated against pressurization and liquid jet mixing data for a 110-inch diameter tank provided by Bullard. Cases with like-gas and non-condensable gas pressurization are studied. The results of the cases with like-gas pressurization and following mixing are presented first, focusing on the effects of turbulence at the vapor-liquid interface on the tank pressure and phase change rates predictions. The second part of this paper is devoted to testing and validating the CFD model against non-condensable gas pressurization and following mixing. Tank pressures predicted in both cases are compared with each other and with the experimental data.

Computational Fluid Dynamics↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Validation of a Two-Phase CFD Model for Predicting Tank Self-Pressurization in the Ground-Based K-Site Experiment

A two-phase CFD model for self-pressurization of a cryogenic storage tank partially filled with liquid hydrogen is presented using the Volume-Of-Fluid approach for representing the phase boundary and the associated interfacial heat, mass and momentum transfer between the liquid and the vapor regions. The CFD model is validated against self-pressurization experiment performed in the K-site flightweight hydrogen storage tank at NASA Glenn Research Center. Laminar and turbulent simulations together with conjugated heat transfer analysis are performed. Effects of turbulence, as well as tank wall conduction are presented and discussed. Predicted tank pressures and fluid temperatures are compared with the experimental data at two different heat loads for validating the CFD model.

phase change↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Validation of a Two-Phase CFD Model for Predicting Tank Self-Pressurization in the Ground-Based K-Site Experiment

A two-phase CFD model for self-pressurization of a cryogenic storage tank partially filled with liquid hydrogen is presented using the Volume-Of-Fluid approach for modeling two-phase flow, as well as interfacial heat, mass and momentum transfer between the liquid and the vapor regions. The CFD model is validated against self-pressurization experiment performed using the K-site flightweight hydrogen storage tank at NASA Glenn Research Center1. Laminar and turbulent simulations are performed together with conjugated heat transfer analysis. Effects of turbulence, the value of accommodation coefficient used for predicting phase change rates, as well as tank wall geometry are presented and discussed. Predicted tank pressures, fluid and wall temperatures are compared with the experimental data at 49% fill level and two different heat loads for validating this CFD model.

Computational Fluid Dynamics↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Validation of a Two-Phase CFD Model for Predicting Tank Self-Pressurization in the Ground-Based K-Site Experiment

A two-phase CFD model for self-pressurization of a cryogenic storage tank partially filled with liquid hydrogen is presented using the Volume-Of-Fluid approach for modeling two-phase flow, as well as interfacial heat, mass and momentum transfer between the liquid and vapor regions. The CFD model is validated against self-pressurization experiment performed using the K-site flightweight hydrogen storage tank at NASA Glenn Research Center 1 . Laminar and turbulent simulations are performed together with conjugate heat transfer analysis. Effects of turbulence, the value of accommodation coefficient used for predicting phase change rates, as well as tank wall geometry are presented and discussed. Predicted tank pressures, fluid and wall temperatures are compared with the experimental data at 49% fill level and two different heat loads for validating this CFD model.

Computational Fluid Dynamics↗