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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

Numerical aerodynamic simulation facility. Preliminary study extension. Executive summary

An optimized functional design of key elements of the Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation Facility was investigated. The following tasks were performed and are discussed: (1) develop, optimize, and describe the functional description of the custom hardware; (2) delineate trade-off areas between performance, reliability, availability, serviceability, and programmability; (3) develop metrics and models for validation of the candidate system's performance; (4) conduct a functional simulation of the system design; (5) perform a reliability analysis of the system design; and (6) develop the software specifications to include a user level high level programming language, a correspondence between the programming language and instruction set, and outline the operating system requirements.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2015

Unified User Interface to Support Effective and Intuitive Data Discovery, Dissemination, and Analysis at NASA GES DISC

Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) has been providing access to scientific data sets since 1990s. Beginning as one of the first Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) archive centers, GES DISC has evolved to offer a wide range of science-enabling services. With a growing understanding of needs and goals of its science users, GES DISC continues to improve and expand on its broad set of data discovery and access tools, sub-setting services, and visualization tools. Nonetheless, the multitude of the available tools, a partial overlap of functionality, and independent and uncoupled interfaces employed by these tools often leave the end users confused as of what tools or services are the most appropriate for a task at hand. As a result, some the services remain underutilized or largely unknown to the users, significantly reducing the availability of the data and leading to a great loss of scientific productivity. In order to improve the accessibility of GES DISC tools and services, we have designed and implemented UUI, the Unified User Interface. UUI seeks to provide a simple, unified, and intuitive one-stop shop experience for the key services available at GES DISC, including sub-setting (Simple Subset Wizard), granule file search (Mirador), plotting (Giovanni), and other services. In this poster, we will discuss the main lessons, obstacles, and insights encountered while designing the UUI experience. We will also present the architecture and technology behind UUI, including NodeJS, Angular, and Mongo DB, as well as speculate on the future of the tool at GES DISC as well as in a broader context of the Space Science Informatics.

web portal↗
NASA NTRS2004

CCSDS Spacecraft Monitor and Control Service Framework

This CCSDS paper presents a reference architecture and service framework for spacecraft monitoring and control. It has been prepared by the Spacecraft Monitoring and Control working group of the CCSDS Mission Operations and Information Management Systems (MOIMS) area. In this context, Spacecraft Monitoring and Control (SM&C) refers to end-to-end services between on- board or remote applications and ground-based functions responsible for mission operations. The scope of SM&C includes: 1) Operational Concept: definition of an operational concept that covers a set of standard operations activities related to the monitoring and control of both ground and space segments. 2) Core Set of Services: definition of an extensible set of services to support the operational concept together with its information model and behaviours. This includes (non exhaustively) ground systems such as Automatic Command and Control, Data Archiving and Retrieval, Flight Dynamics, Mission Planning and Performance Evaluation. 3) Application-layer information: definition of the standard information set to be exchanged for SM&C purposes.

Merri, Mario↗
NASA NTRS2022

The Marine Biodiversity Observation Network Plankton Workshops: Plankton Ecosystem Function, Biodiversity, and Forecasting—Research Requirements and Applications

Plankton functional diversity is at the core of various ecological processes, including productivity, carbon cycling and sequestration, nutrient cycling, interspecies interactions, food web dynamics and structure. Through these functions, plankton play a critical role in the health of the coastal and open ocean and provide essential ecosystem services. Yet, at present, our understanding of plankton dynamics is insufficient to project how climate change and other human-driven impacts affect the functional diversity of plankton. That limits our ability to predict how critical ecosystem services will change in the future and develop strategies to adapt to these changes.

Plankton↗
NASA NTRS1995

An approach to efficient mobility management in intelligent networks

Providing personal communication systems supporting full mobility require intelligent networks for tracking mobile users and facilitating outgoing and incoming calls over different physical and network environments. In realizing the intelligent network functionalities, databases play a major role. Currently proposed network architectures envision using the SS7-based signaling network for linking these DB's and also for interconnecting DB's with switches. If the network has to support ubiquitous, seamless mobile services, then it has to support additionally mobile application parts, viz., mobile origination calls, mobile destination calls, mobile location updates and inter-switch handovers. These functions will generate significant amount of data and require them to be transferred between databases (HLR, VLR) and switches (MSC's) very efficiently. In the future, the users (fixed or mobile) may use and communicate with sophisticated CPE's (e.g. multimedia, multipoint and multisession calls) which may require complex signaling functions. This will generate volumness service handling data and require efficient transfer of these message between databases and switches. Consequently, the network providers would be able to add new services and capabilities to their networks incrementally, quickly and cost-effectively.

Murthy, K. M. S.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Portable Acceleration of CMS Computing Workflows with Coprocessors as a Service

Computing demands for large scientific experiments, such as the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, will increase dramatically in the next decades. To complement the future performance increases of software running on central processing units (CPUs), explorations of coprocessor usage in data processing hold great potential and interest. Coprocessors are a class of computer processors that supplement CPUs, often improving the execution of certain functions due to architectural design choices. We explore the approach of Services for Optimized Network Inference on Coprocessors (SONIC) and study the deployment of this as-a-service approach in large-scale data processing. In the studies, we take a data processing workflow of the CMS experiment and run the main workflow on CPUs, while offloading several machine learning (ML) inference tasks onto either remote or local coprocessors, specifically graphics processing units (GPUs). With experiments performed at Google Cloud, the Purdue Tier-2 computing center, and combinations of the two, we demonstrate the acceleration of these ML algorithms individually on coprocessors and the corresponding throughput improvement for the entire workflow. This approach can be easily generalized to different types of coprocessors and deployed on local CPUs without decreasing the throughput performance. We emphasize that the SONIC approach enables high coprocessor usage and enables the portability to run workflows on different types of coprocessors.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Pre-Bleaching Coral Microbiome Is Enriched in Beneficial Taxa and Functions

Coral reef health is tightly connected to the coral holobiont, which is the association between the coral animal and a diverse microbiome functioning as a unit. The coral holobiont depends on key services such as nitrogen and sulfur cycling mediated by the associated bacteria. However, these microbial services may be impaired in response to environmental changes, such as thermal stress. A perturbed microbiome may lead to coral bleaching and disease outbreaks, which have caused an unprecedented loss in coral cover worldwide, particularly correlated to a warming ocean. The response mechanisms of the coral holobiont under high temperatures are not completely understood, but the associated microbial community is a potential source of acquired heat-tolerance. Here we investigate the effects of increased temperature on the taxonomic and functional profiles of coral surface mucous layer (SML) microbiomes in relationship to coral–algal physiology. We used shotgun metagenomics in an experimental setting to understand the dynamics of microbial taxa and genes in the SML microbiome of the coral Pseudodiploria strigosa under heat treatment. The metagenomes of corals exposed to heat showed high similarity at the level of bacterial genera and functional genes related to nitrogen and sulfur metabolism and stress response. The coral SML microbiome responded to heat with an increase in the relative abundance of taxa with probiotic potential, and functional genes for nitrogen and sulfur acquisition. Coral–algal physiology significantly explained the variation in the microbiome at taxonomic and functional levels. These consistent and specific microbial taxa and gene functions that significantly increased in proportional abundance in corals exposed to heat are potentially beneficial to coral health and thermal resistance.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1978

Numerical aerodynamic simulation facility. Preliminary study extension

The production of an optimized design of key elements of the candidate facility was the primary objective of this report. This was accomplished by effort in the following tasks: (1) to further develop, optimize and describe the function description of the custom hardware; (2) to delineate trade off areas between performance, reliability, availability, serviceability, and programmability; (3) to develop metrics and models for validation of the candidate systems performance; (4) to conduct a functional simulation of the system design; (5) to perform a reliability analysis of the system design; and (6) to develop the software specifications to include a user level high level programming language, a correspondence between the programming language and instruction set and outline the operation system requirements.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2024

Support of US Burning Plasma Organization (Final Technical Report)

The objective of the project described here was to support and increase the effectiveness of the US Burning Plasma Organization. This a national organization of scientists and engineers in magnetic fusion energy, established in 2005 at the request of the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, which serves to “Advance the scientific understanding of burning plasmas and ensure the greatest benefit from a burning plasma experiment by coordinating relevant U.S. fusion research with broad community participation.” It has grown to over 420 members from over 70 institutions, primarily across the US but with some associate members from other countries. The project was divided into two tasks. The first supported leadership activities in the USBPO by the Deputy Director, Dr. Amanda Hubbard. Responsibilities included chairing regular meetings of the USBPO Research Committee, communicating with the USBPO membership via emails and web seminars, forming and overseeing activities of Task Groups, and ensuring good communication about activities of the International Tokamak Physics Activity. A task group report on ‘Recommendations for ITER Experimental Operation, U.S. Team Formation and Participation’ was completed. Hubbard organized a series of highly popular web seminars for the burning plasma community, on a range of topics attracting a large number of participants from diverse institutions. Hubbard ended her term as Deputy Director in May, 2020. She subsequently received the Secretary of Energy’s Appreciation award for her service to USBPO. The second task supported the communications functions of the USBPO, led by Communications Coordinator, Mark London. Communications are critical for the effective operation of the USBPO, given it consists of members at many widely scattered institutions, and conducts its business almost entirely using remote tools. MIT has hosted and maintained the USBPO website, mailing lists, and discussion forums and provided member support, and videoconferencing support. MIT has continued this support following this grant, with funding incorporated into a broader Cooperative Agreement.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1973

Skylab Rescue Space Vehicle OAT No. 1 Plugs in Test

A test is described which demonstrates the compatibility of the Skylab Rescue Space Vehicle systems, the ground support equipment, and off-site support facilities by proceeding through a simulated launch countdown, liftoff, and flight. The functions of propellant loading, umbilical ejection, holddown arm release, service arm retraction, liftoff, and inflight separation are simulated. An external power source supplies transfer power to internal, and instrument unit commands are simulated by the digital command system. The test outline is presented along with a list of references, intercommunications information, radio frequency matrix, and interface control chart.

Jevitt, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

STS multimission modular spacecraft - A new horizon in social and industrial benefits

Economics and benefits of orbiting observatory Multi-mission Modular Spacecraft are discussed. The Space Shuttle can be used both to place these satellites in low-altitude workhorse orbits and to maintain their functioning in any of three ways - on-orbit service (by visiting the satellite with the Shuttle), Shuttle retrieval and ground refurbishment of the entire satellite, and replacement of a failed satellite with a new one. Individuals could receive information from these satellites either indirectly, by turning to a specialty television station, or directly, by calling up information on their television sets as needed. Such information, for example, might include reconnoitering interesting areas, following the weather, or locating migratory fish. Equipment and costs of the proposed Landsats and Seasats are discussed.

Cepollina, F. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

NALNET book system: Cost benefit study

The goals of the NASA's library network system, NALNET, the functions of the current book system, the products and services of a book system required by NASA Center libraries, and the characteristics of a system that would best supply those products and services were assessed. Emphasis was placed on determining the most cost effective means of meeting NASA's requirements for an automated book system. Various operating modes were examined including the current STIMS file, the PUBFILE, developing software improvements for products as appropriate to the Center needs, and obtaining cataloging and products from the bibliographic utilities including at least OCLC, RLIN, BNA, and STIF. It is recommended that NALNET operate under the STIMS file mode and obtain cataloging and products from the bibliographic utilities. The recommendations are based on the premise that given the current state of the art in library automation it is not cost effective for NASA to maintain a full range of cataloging services on its own system. The bibliographic utilities can support higher quality systems with a greater range of services at a lower total cost.

Dewath, N. V.↗
NASA NTRS1986

PCDS as a tool in teaching and research at the University of Michigan

The Space Physics Research Laboratory's (SPRL) use of the Pilot Climate Data System (PCDS) is discussed. For this purpose, a computer center was established to provide the hardware and software necessary to fully utilize existing data bases for research and teaching purposes. A schematic of the SPRL network is given. The core of the system consists of two VAX 11/750s and a VAX 8600, networked through ETHERNET to several LSI 11/23 microprocessors. Much of the system is used for external communications with major networks and data centers. A VAX 11/750 provides DECNET services through the SPAN network to the PCDS. A functional diagram of PCDS usage is given. The browsing capabilities of the PCDS are used to generate data files, which are later transferred to the SPRL center for further data manipulation and display. This mode of operation for classroom instruction will be used to effectively use terminals and to simplify usage of the data base. The Atmosphere Explorer data base has been used successfully in a similar manner in courses related to the thermosphere and ionosphere. The main motivation to access the PCDS was to complement research efforts related to the High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI), to be flown on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).

Abreu, V.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Telemetry handling on the Space Station data management system

This paper examines the impact of telemetry handling on the design of the onboard networks that are part of the Space Station Data Management System (DMS). An architectural approach to satisfying the DMS requirement for support of the high throughput needed for telemetry transport and for servicing distributed computer systems is discussed. Several of the functionality vs. performance tradeoffs that must be made in developing an optimized mechanism for handling telemetry data in the DMS are considered.

Whitelaw, Virginia A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

ISDN at NASA Lewis Research Center

An expository investigation of the potential impact of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) at NASA Lewis Research Center is described. To properly frame the subject, the paper contains a detailed survey of the components of Narrowband ISDN. The principles and objectives are presented as decreed by the Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT). The various channel types are delineated and their associated service combinations are described. The subscriber-access network functions are explained pictorially via the ISDN reference configuration. A section on switching techniques is presented to enable the reader to understand the emergence of the concept of fast packet switching. This new technology is designed to operate over the high bandwidth, low error rate transmission media that characterizes the LeRC environment. A brief introduction to the next generation of networks is covered with sections on Broadband ISDM (B-ISDN), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET). Applications at LeRC are presented, first in terms of targets of opportunity, then in light of compatibility constraints. In-place pilot projects and testing are described that demonstrate actual usage at LeRC.

Bakes, Catherine Murphy↗
NASA NTRS1996

Support of Helicopter 'Free Flight' Operations in the 1996 Olympics

The microcosm of activity surrounding the 1996 Olympic Games provided researchers an opportunity for demonstrating state-of-the art technology in the first large-scale deployment of a prototype digital communication/navigation/surveillance system in a confined environment. At the same time it provided an ideal opportunity for transportation officials to showcase the merits of an integrated transportation system in meeting the operational needs to transport time sensitive goods and provide public safety services under real-world conditions. Five aeronautical CNS functions using a digital datalink system were chosen for operational flight testing onboard 91 aircraft, most of them helicopters, participating in the Atlanta Short-Haul Transportation System. These included: GPS-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance, Cockpit Display of Traffic Information, Controller-Pilot Communications, Graphical Weather Information (uplink), and Automated Electronic Pilot Reporting (downlink). Atlanta provided the first opportunity to demonstrate, in an actual operating environment, key datalink functions which would enhance flight safety and situational awareness for the pilot and supplement conventional air traffic control. The knowledge gained from such a large-scale deployment will help system designers in development of a national infrastructure where aircraft would have the ability to navigate autonomously.

Branstetter, James R.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Autonomous Navigation Improvements for High-Earth Orbiters Using GPS

The Goddard Space Flight Center is currently developing autonomous navigation systems for satellites in high-Earth orbits where acquisition of the GPS signals is severely limited This paper discusses autonomous navigation improvements for high-Earth orbiters and assesses projected navigation performance for these satellites using Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Positioning Service (SPS) measurements. Navigation performance is evaluated as a function of signal acquisition threshold, measurement errors, and dynamic modeling errors using realistic GPS signal strength and user antenna models. These analyses indicate that an autonomous navigation position accuracy of better than 30 meters root-mean-square (RMS) can be achieved for high-Earth orbiting satellites using a GPS receiver with a very stable oscillator. This accuracy improves to better than 15 meters RMS if the GPS receiver's signal acquisition threshold can be reduced by 5 dB-Hertz to track weaker signals.

Long, Anne↗
NASA NTRS2001

Integrated Operations Architecture Technology Assessment Study

As part of NASA's Integrated Operations Architecture (IOA) Baseline, NASA will consolidate all communications operations. including ground-based, near-earth, and deep-space communications, into a single integrated network. This network will make maximum use of commercial equipment, services and standards. It will be an Internet Protocol (IP) based network. This study supports technology development planning for the IOA. The technical problems that may arise when LEO mission spacecraft interoperate with commercial satellite services were investigated. Commercial technology and services that could support the IOA were surveyed, and gaps in the capability of existing technology and techniques were identified. Recommendations were made on which gaps should be closed by means of NASA research and development funding. Several findings emerged from the interoperability assessment: in the NASA mission set, there is a preponderance of small. inexpensive, low data rate science missions; proposed commercial satellite communications services could potentially provide TDRSS-like data relay functions; and. IP and related protocols, such as TCP, require augmentation to operate in the mobile networking environment required by the space-to-ground portion of the IOA. Five case studies were performed in the technology assessment. Each case represented a realistic implementation of the near-earth portion of the IOA. The cases included the use of frequencies at L-band, Ka-band and the optical spectrum. The cases also represented both space relay architectures and direct-to-ground architectures. Some of the main recommendations resulting from the case studies are: select an architecture for the LEO/MEO communications network; pursue the development of a Ka-band space-qualified transmitter (and possibly a receiver), and a low-cost Ka-band ground terminal for a direct-to-ground network, pursue the development of an Inmarsat (L-band) space-qualified transceiver to implement a global, low data rate network for LEO/MEO, mission spacecraft; and, pursue developmental research for a miniaturized, high data rate optical transceiver.

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