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NASA NTRS1991

The natural thermoluminescence of meteorites. III - Lunar and basaltic meteorites

Natural thermoluminescence (TL) data were obtained to investigate recent thermal and radiation histories of the lunar meteorite MacAlpine Hills 88104/5 and 65 eucrites, howardites, diogenites, and mesosiderites. All these meteorites have low levels of natural TL compared to chondrites, which is primarily because they display anomalous fading. Some meteorites have especially low natural TL which must reflect heating within the last 100,000-1,000,000 y. The parameters for TL decay were determined assuming plausible values for cosmic ray dose rate and that the natural TL of MAC88104/5 was totally drained by ejection from the moon. The obtained parameters for TL decay suggest that the moon-earth transit times for MAC88104 and MAC88105 were 2,000 and 1,800 y, respectively, compared with 19,000 and 2,500 y for Y791197 and ALHA81005, respectively.

Sears, Derek W. G.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Diamond thermoluminescence properties of different chondrites

It was found that thermoluminescence (TL) glows of diamonds depend on the origin of diamonds and the chondrite metamorphism degree. The investigation of TL of diamonds was continued and the results for diamonds from Murchison CM2, Krymka LL3.0, Kainsaz CO3, and Abee E4 were considered. The diamonds synthesized by CVD-process (samples 133, 159) and by detonation from soot (DDS-B14-89) were also analyzed for comparison. Before the TL measuring samples were annealed at approximately 350 C for a few seconds and then irradiated by gamma-rays of Cs-137 up to dose approximately 200 krad. TL-measurements were performed in the air atmosphere on the standard equipment. TL data for samples are shown. TL glow for some diamonds are also presented.

Fisenko, A. V.↗

NASA NTRS1993

The Natural Thermoluminescence of Meteorites: Ordinary Chondrites at the Allan Hills Ice Fields - Part 5

Natural thermoluminescence (TL) data have been obtained for 167 ordinary chondrites from the ice fields in the vicinity of the Allan Hills in Victoria Land, Antarctica, in order to investigate their thermal and radiation history, pairing, terrestrial age, and concentration mechanisms. Using fairly conservative criteria (including natural and induced TL, find location, and petrographic data), the 167 meteorite fragments are thought to represent a maximum of 129 separate meteorites. Natural TL values for meteorites from the Main ice field are fairly low (typically 5-30 krad, indicative of terrestrial ages of approx. 400 ka), while the Far western field shows a spread with many values 30-80 krad, suggestive of less then 150-ka terrestrial ages. There appear to be trends in TL levels within individual ice fields which are suggestive of directions of ice movement at these sites during the period of meteorite concentration. These directions seem to be confirmed by the orientations of elongation preserved in meteorite pairing groups. The proportion of meteorites with very low natural TL levels (less then 5 krad) at each field is comparable to that observed at the Lewis Cliff site and for modern non-Antarctic falls and is also similar to the fraction of small perihelia (less then 0.85 AU) orbits calculated from fireball and fall observations. Induced TL data for meteorites from the Allan Hills confirm trends observed for meteorites collected during the 1977/1978 and 1978/1979 field seasons which show that a select group of H chondrites from the Antarctic experienced a different extraterrestrial thermal history to that of non-Antarctic H chondrites.

Benoit, Paul H.↗

NASA NTRS1997

The Orbits of Meteorites from Natural Thermoluminescence

The natural thermoluminescence (TL) of meteorites reflects their irradiation and thermal histories. Virtually all ordinary chondrites have been irradiated long enough to reach saturation natural TL levels, and thus natural TL levels in these meteorites are determined largely by thermal history. The primary heat source for most meteorites is the Sun, and thus natural TL levels are determined primarily by the closest approach to the Sun, i.e., perihelion. By converting natural TL levels to perihelia, using an assumed albedo typical of meteoroid bodies, it is found that most ordinary chondrites had perihelia of 0.85 to 1.0 AU prior to reaching Earth. This range is similar to that calculated from meteor and fireball observations. All common classes of ordinary chondrites exhibit similar perihelia distributions; however, H and LL chondrites that fell in the local morning differ in their natural TL distribution from those that fell in the local afternoon or evening. This is consistent with earlier suggestions that time of fall reflects orbital distribution. The data also suggest that the orbits of some of the H chondrites cluster and may have come from a debris 'stream' of meteoroids. If meteorites can exist in "orbital groups," significant changes in the types and number of meteorites reaching Earth could occur on the less than 10(exp 5)-year time scale.

Benoit, P. H.↗

NASA NTRS1996

Electronic Structure of Tl2Ba2CuO(6+Delta) Epitaxial Films Measured by X-Ray Photoemission

The valence electronic structure and core levels of Tl2Ba2CuO(6 + delta) (Tl-2201) epitaxial films have been measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and are compared to those of Tl2Ba2CaCu2O(8 + delta) (Tl-2212). Changes in the Tl-2201 core-level binding energies with oxygen doping are consistent with a change in the chemical potential. Differences between the Tl-2201 and Tl-2212 measured densities of states are consistent with the calculated Cu 3d and Tl 6s partial densities of states.

Vasquez, R. P.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Visible and Infrared Imaging of Various Flow Regimes in the Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment Transfer Line

The Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FBCE) Transfer Line (TL) test module is being developed to study fluid physics of cryogenic transfer lines in microgravity. The TL module will reside in the FBCE facility located within the Fluids Integration Rack (FIR) aboard the International Space Station (ISS). TL will use the same normal perfluoro hexane (nPFH) used in the previous FBCE test sections. To simulate cryogenic line transfer in the visualization section, a sapphire tube coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) is heated via Joule heated while a bypass line is used to flow liquid nPFH at the desired inlet conditions. Once the visualization line reaches steady-state temperature and pressure conditions, flow is diverted through the heated line and chilldown begins. All flow regimes observed within a cryogenic TL are created and studied using visible imaging with diffuse backlighting to image inverted annular flow, transition, and nucleate boiling. A visible laser light sheet provided by FIR will provide a means to observe and track droplets in the dispersed flow regime. IR imaging of the visualization tube outer surface with the emissivity of the ITO coating provides the surface chilldown temperature profile. Preliminary imaging system development includes some of the components used in the Flow Boiling Module (FBM) and some new components that are easily integrated into the PC-based system but will require some refinement to operate properly on the FIR PCIe/104 imaging system. Optical design and packaging within the limited volume of the module enclosure is also presented. This paper presents FBCE-TL visible and infrared laboratory-based imaging studies and anticipated visualization capabilities of the TL module under preliminary breadboard development and under the utilization constraints within the FBCE/FIR host facility.

transfer line↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on TlAsPd5 by Materials Project

Pd5TlAs crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pd sites. In the first Pd site, Pd is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Tl atoms. All Pd–Tl bond lengths are 2.89 Å. In the second Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Tl and two equivalent As atoms. Both Pd–Tl bond lengths are 2.93 Å. Both Pd–As bond lengths are 2.52 Å. Tl is bonded to twelve Pd atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing TlPd12 cuboctahedra. As is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Pd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pr2Tl by Materials Project

Pr2Tl crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pr sites. In the first Pr site, Pr is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to eight Pr and six equivalent Tl atoms. There are two shorter (3.50 Å) and six longer (3.69 Å) Pr–Pr bond lengths. All Pr–Tl bond lengths are 3.69 Å. In the second Pr site, Pr is bonded to six equivalent Pr and five equivalent Tl atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and face-sharing PrPr6Tl5 trigonal bipyramids. There are three shorter (3.25 Å) and two longer (3.50 Å) Pr–Tl bond lengths. Tl is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eleven Pr atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiTlPd2 by Materials Project

LiPd2Tl is Heusler structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li is bonded to eight equivalent Pd and four equivalent Tl atoms to form LiTl4Pd8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent LiTl4Pd8 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent TlLi4Pd8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent LiTl4Pd8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent LiTl4Pd8 cuboctahedra, and faces with six equivalent TlLi4Pd8 cuboctahedra. All Li–Pd bond lengths are 2.83 Å. All Li–Tl bond lengths are 2.97 Å. Pd is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Li and four equivalent Tl atoms. All Pd–Tl bond lengths are 2.83 Å. Tl is bonded to four equivalent Li and eight equivalent Pd atoms to form TlLi4Pd8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent TlLi4Pd8 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent LiTl4Pd8 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent TlLi4Pd8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent TlLi4Pd8 cuboctahedra, and faces with six equivalent LiTl4Pd8 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Tb2Tl by Materials Project

Tb2Tl crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Tb sites. In the first Tb site, Tb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to eight Tb and six equivalent Tl atoms. There are two shorter (3.38 Å) and six longer (3.57 Å) Tb–Tb bond lengths. All Tb–Tl bond lengths are 3.57 Å. In the second Tb site, Tb is bonded to six equivalent Tb and five equivalent Tl atoms to form a mixture of distorted face and corner-sharing TbTb6Tl5 trigonal bipyramids. There are three shorter (3.14 Å) and two longer (3.38 Å) Tb–Tl bond lengths. Tl is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eleven Tb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nd2Tl by Materials Project

Nd2Tl crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Nd sites. In the first Nd site, Nd is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to eight Nd and six equivalent Tl atoms. There are two shorter (3.49 Å) and six longer (3.67 Å) Nd–Nd bond lengths. All Nd–Tl bond lengths are 3.67 Å. In the second Nd site, Nd is bonded to six equivalent Nd and five equivalent Tl atoms to form a mixture of distorted face and corner-sharing NdNd6Tl5 trigonal bipyramids. There are three shorter (3.23 Å) and two longer (3.49 Å) Nd–Tl bond lengths. Tl is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eleven Nd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Tl4SiSe4 by Materials Project

Tl4SiSe4 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Tl1+ sites. In the first Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Se2- atoms. There are two shorter (3.05 Å) and two longer (3.34 Å) Tl–Se bond lengths. In the second Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–Se bond distances ranging from 3.30–3.70 Å. In the third Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded to five Se2- atoms to form distorted TlSe5 square pyramids that share corners with two equivalent TlSe5 square pyramids, corners with three equivalent SiSe4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiSe4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Tl–Se bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.54 Å. In the fourth Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–Se bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.43 Å. In the fifth Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–Se bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.88 Å. Si4+ is bonded to four Se2- atoms to form SiSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent TlSe5 square pyramids and an edgeedge with one TlSe5 square pyramid. There are a spread of Si–Se bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.32 Å. There are four inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Tl1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to six Tl1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the third Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to five Tl1+ and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeTl5Si octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the fourth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Tl1+ and one Si4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ThTl3F7 by Materials Project

ThTl3F7 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Th4+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F1- atoms. There are a spread of Th–F bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.55 Å. There are five inequivalent Tl1+ sites. In the first Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five F1- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–F bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.86 Å. In the second Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F1- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–F bond distances ranging from 2.70–3.13 Å. In the third Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven F1- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–F bond distances ranging from 2.70–3.14 Å. In the fourth Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F1- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–F bond distances ranging from 2.80–3.14 Å. In the fifth Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F1- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–F bond distances ranging from 2.80–3.14 Å. There are ten inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded to two equivalent Th4+ and two Tl1+ atoms to form distorted FTh2Tl2 tetrahedra that share corners with four FTl6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent FTh2Tl2 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one FTl6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one FTh2Tl2 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 12–61°. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded to six Tl1+ atoms to form FTl6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent FTh2Tl2 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent FTl6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent FTh2Tl2 tetrahedra, and faces with two equivalent FTl6 octahedra. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded to six Tl1+ atoms to form distorted FTl6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent FTh2Tl2 tetrahedra and faces with two equivalent FTl6 octahedra. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Th4+ and two Tl1+ atoms. In the fifth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Th4+ and two Tl1+ atoms. In the sixth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Th4+ and three Tl1+ atoms. In the seventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Th4+ and three Tl1+ atoms. In the eighth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Th4+ and two Tl1+ atoms. In the ninth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Th4+ and two Tl1+ atoms. In the tenth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Th4+ and three Tl1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Tl2(CdSb)3 by Materials Project

Tl2(CdSb)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Cd2+ sites. In the first Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.67- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing CdSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cd–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.89–3.23 Å. In the second Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to two equivalent Tl1+ and four Sb+2.67- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing CdTl2Sb4 tetrahedra. Both Cd–Tl bond lengths are 3.36 Å. There are a spread of Cd–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.00 Å. In the third Cd2+ site, Cd2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.67- atoms to form corner-sharing CdSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cd–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.02 Å. There are two inequivalent Tl1+ sites. In the first Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cd2+, two equivalent Tl1+, and two equivalent Sb+2.67- atoms. Both Tl–Tl bond lengths are 3.73 Å. Both Tl–Sb bond lengths are 3.51 Å. In the second Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Sb+2.67- atoms. There are two shorter (3.43 Å) and one longer (3.51 Å) Tl–Sb bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Sb+2.67- sites. In the first Sb+2.67- site, Sb+2.67- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Cd2+ and three Tl1+ atoms. In the second Sb+2.67- site, Sb+2.67- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Cd2+ and two equivalent Tl1+ atoms. In the third Sb+2.67- site, Sb+2.67- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Cd2+ and one Sb+2.67- atom. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.87 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Tl2Au4S3 by Materials Project

Au4Tl2S3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmmn space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Au1+ sites. In the first Au1+ site, Au1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Tl1+ and two equivalent S2- atoms. Both Au–Tl bond lengths are 3.36 Å. Both Au–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the second Au1+ site, Au1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Tl1+ and two S2- atoms. Both Au–Tl bond lengths are 3.21 Å. There are one shorter (2.34 Å) and one longer (2.35 Å) Au–S bond lengths. Tl1+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Au1+, one Tl1+, and six S2- atoms. The Tl–Tl bond length is 3.49 Å. There are a spread of Tl–S bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.89 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded to two equivalent Au1+ and four equivalent Tl1+ atoms to form distorted edge-sharing STl4Au2 tetrahedra. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Au1+ and four equivalent Tl1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li2TlAu by Materials Project

Li2AuTl crystallizes in the cubic F-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li sites. In the first Li site, Li is bonded to four equivalent Au atoms to form distorted corner-sharing LiAu4 tetrahedra. All Li–Au bond lengths are 2.89 Å. In the second Li site, Li is bonded to four equivalent Tl atoms to form distorted corner-sharing LiTl4 tetrahedra. All Li–Tl bond lengths are 2.89 Å. Au is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Li and four equivalent Tl atoms. All Au–Tl bond lengths are 2.89 Å. Tl is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Li and four equivalent Au atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Dy2Tl by Materials Project

Dy2Tl crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Dy sites. In the first Dy site, Dy is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to eight Dy and six equivalent Tl atoms. There are two shorter (3.37 Å) and six longer (3.55 Å) Dy–Dy bond lengths. All Dy–Tl bond lengths are 3.55 Å. In the second Dy site, Dy is bonded to six equivalent Dy and five equivalent Tl atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and face-sharing DyDy6Tl5 trigonal bipyramids. There are three shorter (3.13 Å) and two longer (3.37 Å) Dy–Tl bond lengths. Tl is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eleven Dy atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Tb5Tl3 by Materials Project

Tb5Tl3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Tb sites. In the first Tb site, Tb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Tl atoms. All Tb–Tl bond lengths are 3.23 Å. In the second Tb site, Tb is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Tl atoms. There are a spread of Tb–Tl bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.67 Å. Tl is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Tb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗