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At least 415 records · Page 23

Single Crystal Growth of Synthetic Sulfide- and Phosphide-Based Minerals for Physical Measurements

In this work, we review recent advances in the use of high-temperature solution growth that allow for the growth of single crystalline samples of synthetic minerals. We outline how low-melting binary or ternary solutions are attractive solvents for solution growth and provide examples of the growth of bismuthinite (Bi 2 S 3 ), galena (PbS) and parkerite (Ni 3 Bi 2 S 2 ). We then focus on the Rh-S, Pd-S and Ni-P phase spaces to discuss how the low-melting regions near transition metal-main group eutectic compositions make excellent solvents for crystal growth of several binary and ternary minerals containing both high melting and volatile elements as well as for the discovery of new materials. We end by discussing the growth of synthetic canfieldite (Ag 8 SnS 6 ) and argyrodite (Ag 8 GeS 6 ) from Ag 2 S–Sn-S-based solutions.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

Materials Data on Tl3PdCl5 by Materials Project

PdTl3Cl5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pd2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pd–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.34 Å. There are three inequivalent Tl1+ sites. In the first Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.03–3.79 Å. In the second Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.24–3.86 Å. In the third Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.77 Å. There are five inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Tl1+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Pd2+ and five Tl1+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Pd2+ and five Tl1+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Pd2+ and four Tl1+ atoms. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Pd2+ and five Tl1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Li2PdO3 by Materials Project

Li2PdO3 is Caswellsilverite-like structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent PdO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent PdO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–6°. There are two shorter (2.08 Å) and four longer (2.20 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent PdO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent PdO6 octahedra, and edges with eight LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–6°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.21 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent PdO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 6°. There are four shorter (2.13 Å) and two longer (2.14 Å) Li–O bond lengths. Pd4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form PdO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent PdO6 octahedra, and edges with nine LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 4°. There are four shorter (2.04 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two equivalent Pd4+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi4Pd2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two equivalent Pd4+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi4Pd2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Modelling of Equilibrium Between Mantle and Core: Refractory, Volatile, and Highly Siderophile Elements

Siderophile elements have been used to constrain conditions of core formation and differentiation for the Earth, Mars and other differentiated bodies [1]. Recent models for the Earth have concluded that the mantle and core did not fully equilibrate and the siderophile element contents of the mantle can only be explained under conditions where the oxygen fugacity changes from low to high during accretion and the mantle and core do not fully equilibrate [2,3]. However these conclusions go against several physical and chemical constraints. First, calculations suggest that even with the composition of accreting material changing from reduced to oxidized over time, the fO2 defined by metal-silicate equilibrium does not change substantially, only by approximately 1 logfO2 unit [4]. An increase of more than 2 logfO2 units in mantle oxidation are required in models of [2,3]. Secondly, calculations also show that metallic impacting material will become deformed and sheared during accretion to a large body, such that it becomes emulsified to a fine scale that allows equilibrium at nearly all conditions except for possibly the length scale for giant impacts [5] (contrary to conclusions of [6]). Using new data for D(Mo) metal/silicate at high pressures, together with updated partitioning expressions for many other elements, we will show that metal-silicate equilibrium across a long span of Earth s accretion history may explain the concentrations of many siderophile elements in Earth's mantle. The modeling includes refractory elements Ni, Co, Mo, and W, as well as highly siderophile elements Au, Pd and Pt, and volatile elements Cd, In, Bi, Sb, Ge and As.

Righter, K.↗

The semiconductivity and stability of palladium oxide

Palladium metal films are prepared on quartz substrates by RF sputtering from a pure palladium target in an argon atmosphere. These films are then oxidized in air or in an oxygen atmosphere at 700 C for periods between 24 hr and 6 days. Either treatment is found to produce good-quality thin films of PdO with a uniform orange transmission. Attention is focused on optical and electrical conductivity measurements made on PdO films with a view toward determining their band gap, conductivity and thermal stability in vacuum and in the presence of oxygen. It is shown that hydrogen greatly reduces the thermal stability of PdO. The film decomposes to Pd metal by 350 K in the presence of hydrogen as compared to a temperature of about 580 K in vacuum.

Rey, E.↗

Catalytic conversion of high S-lignin to a sustainable tri-epoxide polymer precursor

More than 40 million tons of thermosetting plastics are produced annually and 70% of those are epoxy polymers. The synthesis of bio-based epoxide provides a pathway for making renewable thermoset plastics. We describe in this study the use of a genetically modified high-S poplar lignin to produce 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMPP), which is converted to the tri-functional compound propylpyrogallol (DMPPO) by a reaction catalysed by N 2 O 5 in the green solvent water. The resulting DMPPO can be converted to a novel tri-epoxide by reaction with epichlorohydrin. Native high-S lignin as well as several organosolv lignins extracted from this poplar biomass were investigated as feedstocks. Notably, direct reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of the high-S poplar wood over Pd–Zn/C catalyst with Pd : Zn ratio 1 : 10 at 225 °C under 35 bar H 2 in methanol gave the highest yield of biophenol monomers from the lignin present, the major product being DMPP. Under optimized conditions, conversion of DMPP to DMPPO over the Nb 2 O 5 was nearly quantitative (96% yield), and this conversion could be made without extensive prior purification of the DMPP. The Nb 2 O 5 catalyst could be recycled several times before significant deactivation. This sequence of two catalytic reactions demonstrates that the production of epoxides from lignin-derived DMPPO is a realistic strategy for making renewable polymer building blocks from biomass.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

Al-rich AlGaN high electron mobility transistor gate metallization study up to 600 °C in air

Here we report a comparative study of three rectifying gate metals, W, Pd, and Pt/Au, on ultrawide bandgap Al 0.86 Ga 0.14 N barrier/Al 0.7 Ga 0.3 N channel high electron mobility transistors for use in extreme temperatures. The transistors were electrically characterized from 30 to 600 °C in air. Of the three gate metals, the Pt/Au stack exhibited the smallest change in threshold voltage (0.15 V, or 9% change between the 30 and 600 °C values, and a maximum change of 42%), the highest on/off current ratio (1.5 × 10 6 ) at 600 °C, and a modest forward gate leakage current (0.39 mA/mm for a 3,V gate bias) at 600 °C. These favorable results showcase AlGaN channel high electron mobility transistors' ability to operate in extreme temperature environments.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Online and Scalable Data Compression Pipeline with Guarantees on Quantities of Interest

Data compression is becoming critical for data-intensive scientific applications. Scientists require compression techniques that accurately preserve derived quantities of interest (QoIs). Prior work has shown that a pipeline can be built to guarantee error on the primary data (PD) within user-defined bounds and achieve near-floating point QoI errors. In this paper, we present novel computational approaches for accelerating the pipeline and demonstrate results that enable concurrent execution of compression in parallel with the simulation nodes. This allows compression, including the writing of the required compression data, for the previous time step to be completed while the simulation proceeds with the current time step. Overall, the approach presented in this paper results in a 6–8 times improvement in computational overhead compared to previous work. These results were obtained using data generated by a large-scale fusion code called XGC, which produces hundreds of terabytes of data in a single day.

Banerjee, Tania↗

Materials Data on Rb2HPd(CN)4 by Materials Project

Rb2PdH(CN)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnna space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Rb1+ sites. In the first Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six N3- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–N bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.19 Å. In the second Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six N3- and one H1+ atom. There are a spread of Rb–N bond distances ranging from 3.10–3.27 Å. The Rb–H bond length is 3.19 Å. Pd2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four C+1.75+ atoms. All Pd–C bond lengths are 2.00 Å. There are two inequivalent C+1.75+ sites. In the first C+1.75+ site, C+1.75+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Pd2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. In the second C+1.75+ site, C+1.75+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Pd2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one C+1.75+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one C+1.75+ atom. H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Flight motor set 36OH005 (STS-28R). Volume 5: (Nozzle component)

A review of the performance and post flight condition of the STS-28 redesigned solid rocket motor (RSRM) nozzles is presented in this document. Applicable discrepancy reports (DR's) and process departures (PD's) are presented in section 5.0. The nozzle component program team (NCPT) performance evaluation and the redesign program review board (RPRB) assessment is included in section 6.0. The STS-28 nozzle assemblies were flown on the RSRM fifth flight (Space Shuttle Columbia). The nozzles were a partially submerged convergent/divergent movable design with an aft pivot point flexible bearing. The nozzle assemblies incorporated the following features: (1) RSRM forward exit cone with snubber assembly; (2) RSRM fixed housing; (3) structural backup outer boot ring (OBR); (4) RSRM cowl ring; (5) RSRM nose inlet assembly; (6) RSRM throat assembly; (7) RSRM forward nose and aft inlet ring; (8) RSRM aft exit cone assembly with linear-shaped charge (LSC); (9) RTV backfill in joints 1, 3, and 4; (10) use of EA913 NA adhesive in place of EA913; (11) redesigned nozzle plug; and (12) carbon cloth phenolic (CCP) with 750 ppm sodium content. The RSRM fifth flight test objectives are as follows: (1) verify that flexible bearing seals operate within the specified temperature range; (2) verify that flexible bearing maintained a positive gas seal between its internal components; (3) inspect flexible bearing for damage due to water impact; (4) verify performance of the nozzle liner; (5) verify that nozzle parts are reusable; (6) verify through flight demonstration and a postflight inspection that the flexible bearing is reusable; (7) verify by inspection the remaining nozzle ablative thicknesses; and (8) verify the nozzle performance margins of safety.

Smith, Dan M., Jr.↗

Materials Data on Li8Bi2PdO10 by Materials Project

Li8PdBi2O10 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one BiO6 octahedra, corners with three LiO6 octahedra, corners with two LiO5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with three equivalent BiO6 octahedra, edges with eight LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO5 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–11°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.49 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form LiO5 trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent BiO6 octahedra, corners with four LiO5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent BiO6 octahedra, and edges with four LiO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–11°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.24 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one BiO6 octahedra, corners with three LiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with three equivalent BiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–16°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.62 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form LiO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two LiO6 octahedra, corners with four LiO5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with three LiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent BiO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–16°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.30 Å. Pd4+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.02 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. Bi4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form BiO6 octahedra that share corners with two LiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent BiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with five LiO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–13°. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.22 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Pd4+, and one Bi4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLi4BiPd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–20°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and two equivalent Bi4+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi4Bi2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–16°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Bi4+ atom to form OLi5Bi octahedra that share corners with five OLi5Bi octahedra and edges with twelve OLi4BiPd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–16°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+, one Pd4+, and one Bi4+ atom to form OLi4BiPd octahedra that share corners with six OLi4BiPd octahedra and edges with nine OLi5Bi octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–19°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Bi4+ atom to form OLi5Bi octahedra that share corners with six OLi4BiPd octahedra and edges with twelve OLi5Bi octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–16°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Highly permeable polyethersulfone substrates with bicontinuous structure for composite membranes in CO 2 /N 2 separation

Substrate morphology has a significant effect on the CO 2 transport performance of a thin-film composite (TFC) membrane. In this study, a new mixed solvent comprising 2-pyrrolidone (2-PD) and 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) was used to prepare polyethersulfone (PES) substrates with bicontinuous structure by water vapor-induced phase separation, followed by immersion in water as nonsolvent. Here, compared with the commonly used solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), the 2-PD/2-ME mixed solvent is more hydrophilic and can decrease the thermodynamic stability of the casting solution significantly. As a result, the phase separation was induced via the spinodal decomposition mechanism. The open morphology bestowed the optimized substrate with a very high CO 2 permeance of 133,226 ± 3,870 GPU (1 GPU = 10 –6 cm 3 (STP) s –1 cm –2 cmHg –1 = 3.3464 × 10 -9 kg-mol s –1 m –2 Pa –1 ), which was 5 times more permeable than the baseline substrate synthesized with NMP. By using this new substrate, the prepared TFC membrane containing amines showed an increased CO 2 permeance of 908 ± 8 GPU at 57°C, which was 48 GPU higher than that with the baseline substrate. Meanwhile, the CO 2 /N 2 selectivity was retained at 162 ± 4 at 57°C. In addition, the good scalability of the new PES substrate was demonstrated by roll-to-roll fabrication of a 50' long scale-up PES substrate with a width of 21".

2-Pyrrolidone↗

Materials Data on La3(SiPd)4 by Materials Project

La3Pd4Si4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent La+2.67+ sites. In the first La+2.67+ site, La+2.67+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Si4- atoms. There are two shorter (3.24 Å) and four longer (3.28 Å) La–Si bond lengths. In the second La+2.67+ site, La+2.67+ is bonded to eight equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of edge and face-sharing LaSi8 hexagonal bipyramids. All La–Si bond lengths are 3.25 Å. There are two inequivalent Pd2+ sites. In the first Pd2+ site, Pd2+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing PdSi4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.47 Å) and two longer (2.53 Å) Pd–Si bond lengths. In the second Pd2+ site, Pd2+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Si4- atoms. All Pd–Si bond lengths are 2.48 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4- sites. In the first Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La+2.67+ and five Pd2+ atoms. In the second Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to six La+2.67+, two equivalent Pd2+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.39 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Unraveling the Structural Sensitivity of Metal Catalysts in Ethylene Hydroformylation: Insights from Theory and Experiments

Here, in this study, we combined experimental and theoretical methods to investigate the structural sensitivity of metal catalysts in the ethylene hydroformylation reaction. Among Rh, Pt, Ir, Ni, Au, Ag, Pd, and Cu catalysts studied using experimental and theoretical methods, Rh showed the highest selectivity toward the C-C coupling product from CO and C 2 H 5 (i.e., C 2 H 5 CHO). The results from DFT and microkinetic simulations revealed that the activation energy barrier for C-C coupling is lowest on the Rh nanocluster, which explains the experimentally observed highest C 2 H 5 CHO selectivity on the Rh catalyst. Furthermore, DFT results demonstrated that the sites located on the flat surfaces of nanoparticles primarily promote the hydrogenation reaction, leading to the formation of undesired C 2 H 6 . In contrast, undercoordinated edge and corner sites of the nanocluster promote the C-C coupling reaction. Thus, our results illustrate that the selectivity toward C 3 oxygenates in ethylene hydroformylation reaction can be steered by tuning the size of Rh nanoparticles (the best-performing catalyst) to optimize the active (edge and corner) sites that preferentially promote the C-C coupling reaction.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

Elucidating the degradation mechanisms of Pt-free anode anion-exchange membrane fuel cells after durability testing

The development of anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) has recently accelerated due to synergistic improvements yielding highly conductive membranes, stable ionomers, and enhanced alkaline electrocatalysts. However, cell durability, especially under realistic conditions, still poses a major challenge. Herein, we employ low-loadings of Pt-free Pd-based catalysts in the anode of AEMFCs and elucidate potential degradation mechanisms impacting long-term performance under conditions analogous to the real-world (high current density, H 2 –air (albeit CO 2 -free), and intermittent operation). Our high-performing AEMFCs achieve impressive performance with power densities approaching 1 W cm —2 and current densities up to 3.5 A cm —2 . Over a 200 h period of continuous operation in H 2 –air at a current density of 600 mA cm —2 , our model Pd/C–CeO 2 anode cell exhibits record stability (~30 μV h —1 degradation) compared to the literature and up to 6× better stability than our Pd/C and commercial Pt/C anode cells. Following an 8 h shutdown, the Pd/C–CeO 2 anode cell was restarted and continued for an additional 300 h with a higher degradation rate of ~600 μV h —1 . Thorough in situ evaluations and post-stability analyses provide insights into potential degradation mechanisms to be expected during extended operation under more realistic conditions and provide mitigation strategies to enable the widespread development of highly durable AEMFCs.

08 HYDROGEN↗

Materials Data on K15P16Pd9O56 by Materials Project

K15Pd9P16O56 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent K sites. In the first K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.29 Å. In the second K site, K is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.80–2.95 Å. In the third K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.69–3.25 Å. In the fourth K site, K is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.74–3.25 Å. In the fifth K site, K is bonded to eight O atoms to form distorted KO8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.17 Å. In the sixth K site, K is bonded to six O atoms to form KO6 octahedra that share corners with eight PO4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.90 Å) and four longer (3.01 Å) K–O bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Pd sites. In the first Pd site, Pd is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.07 Å) and two longer (2.10 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. In the second Pd site, Pd is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.06 Å) and two longer (2.07 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. In the third Pd site, Pd is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Pd–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.08 Å. In the fourth Pd site, Pd is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O atoms. All Pd–O bond lengths are 2.04 Å. There are four inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one KO8 hexagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 63°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.64 Å. In the second P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO8 hexagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one KO6 octahedra, and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 68°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.64 Å. In the third P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO8 hexagonal bipyramid and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.64 Å. In the fourth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO8 hexagonal bipyramid and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.63 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four K and one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one K and two equivalent P atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four K and one P atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K and two equivalent P atoms. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K and two equivalent P atoms. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two K and one P atom. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K and two equivalent P atoms. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Breccias 73215 and 73255 - Siderophile and volatile trace elements

Fifteen siderophile and volatile trace elements (Os, Re, Ir, Pd, Ni, Au, Sb, Ge, Se, Ag, In, Zn, Cd, Bi, Tl) and U were determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis in a spheroidal aphanitic clast and a clast of coarse-grained anorthositic gabbro from breccia 73215 and in three types of aphanite and two clasts of fine-grained anorthositic gabbro from breccia 73255. In common with most Apollo 17 fragment-laden melt rocks, the aphanites from 73215 and 73255 predominantly contain a Group 2 meteoritic component, which is apparently derived from the Serenitatis impact. All aphanitic lithologies contain the same meteoritic component, and are probably cogenetic. The clasts of fine-grained anorthositic gabbro contain substantial amounts (2% to 6% Cl equivalent based on Au) of a pre-Serenitatis Group 3 component. The clast of coarse-grained anorthositic gabbro is low in siderophile elements (0.4% Cl equivalent), and the meteoritic component (Group 5) is not well-defined. A strong correlation exists between Ir and Au in both the aphanites and the anorthositic gabbro clasts, which argues against the breccias 73215 and 73255 being open systems for Au

Morgan, J. W.↗

Materials Data on K14P16Pd9O56 by Materials Project

K14Pd9P16O56 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are nine inequivalent K sites. In the first K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.67–3.25 Å. In the second K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.67–3.25 Å. In the third K site, K is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.75–3.23 Å. In the fourth K site, K is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.74–3.24 Å. In the fifth K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to ten O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.40 Å. In the sixth K site, K is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to ten O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.37 Å. In the seventh K site, K is bonded to six O atoms to form distorted KO6 octahedra that share corners with eight PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.89–3.02 Å. In the eighth K site, K is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.79–2.94 Å. In the ninth K site, K is bonded to eight O atoms to form distorted KO8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.17 Å. There are seven inequivalent Pd sites. In the first Pd site, Pd is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.04 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. In the second Pd site, Pd is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.03 Å) and two longer (2.06 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. In the third Pd site, Pd is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.04 Å) and two longer (2.06 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. In the fourth Pd site, Pd is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Pd–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.07 Å. In the fifth Pd site, Pd is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O atoms. All Pd–O bond lengths are 2.04 Å. In the sixth Pd site, Pd is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.04 Å) and two longer (2.07 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. In the seventh Pd site, Pd is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are two shorter (2.03 Å) and two longer (2.08 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. There are eight inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO8 hexagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one KO6 octahedra, and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 68°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.64 Å. In the second P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 68°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.64 Å. In the third P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.63 Å. In the fourth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO8 hexagonal bipyramid and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.63 Å. In the fifth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one KO8 hexagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 63°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.64 Å. In the sixth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 64°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.62 Å. In the seventh P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.62 Å. In the eighth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one KO8 hexagonal bipyramid and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.63 Å. There are thirty-two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K and two equivalent P atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K and two equivalent P atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four K and one P atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four K and one P atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K and two equivalent P atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent P atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four K and one P atom. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four K and one P atom. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the seventeenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the eighteenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the nineteenth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K and two equivalent P atoms. In the twentieth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K and two equivalent P atoms. In the twenty-first O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the twenty-second O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the twenty-third O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the twenty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the twenty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three K and one P atom. In the twenty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three K and one P atom. In the twenty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the twenty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the twenty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent P atoms. In the thirtieth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one K and two equivalent P atoms. In the thirty-first O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom. In the thirty-second O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Pd, and one P atom.

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