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At least 415 records · Page 23

Molybdenum and silver photoemission survey spectra from hard x-rays

Electron emission from thick polished samples of polycrystalline molybdenum (Mo) and single crystalline $\langle$111$\rangle$ silver (Ag) was measured with hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Six different excitation x-ray energies were used, nominally 8.0, 11.0, 13.0, 15.0, 18.0, and 21.5 keV. Survey spectra were recorded with each excitation to a kinetic energy of at most 15 keV, often capturing the entire emission range. The Mo 1s core peak was measured. Detailed LMM Auger spectra of Mo show marked increases in intensity and altered shape when x-ray energy exceeds the Mo 1s binding energy. The Mo and Ag L-shell photoelectron peaks are measured at four x-ray energies up to 18 keV showing the transition from 2p3/2 to 2s photoionization dominance.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Prospects for the expansion of standing wave ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy to reactions at elevated temperatures

Standing wave ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy (SWAPPS) is a promising method to investigate chemical and potential gradients across solid-vapor and solid-liquid interfaces under close-to-realistic environmental conditions, far away from high vacuum. Until now, these investigations have been performed only near room temperature, but for a wide range of interfacial processes, chief among them being heterogeneous catalysis, measurements at elevated temperatures are required. One concern in these investigations is the temperature stability of the multilayer mirrors, which generate the standing wave field. At elevated temperatures, degradation of the multilayer mirror due to, for example, interdiffusion between the adjacent layers, decreases the modulation of the standing wave field, thus rendering SWAPPS experiments much harder to perform. Here, we show that multilayer mirrors consisting of alternate B4C and W layers are stable at temperatures exceeding 600 °C and are, thus, promising candidates for future studies of surface and subsurface species in heterogeneous catalytic reactions using SWAPPS.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Femtosecond electron-phonon lock-in by photoemission and x-ray free-electron laser

The interactions that lead to the emergence of superconductivity in iron-based materials remain a subject of debate. It has been suggested that electron-electron correlations enhance electron-phonon coupling in iron selenide (FeSe) and related pnictides, but direct experimental verification has been lacking. Here we show that the electron-phonon coupling strength in FeSe can be quantified by combining two time-domain experiments into a “coherent lock-in” measurement in the terahertz regime. X-ray diffraction tracks the light-induced femtosecond coherent lattice motion at a single phonon frequency, and photoemission monitors the subsequent coherent changes in the electronic band structure. Comparison with theory reveals a strong enhancement of the coupling strength in FeSe owing to correlation effects. Given that the electron-phonon coupling affects superconductivity exponentially, this enhancement highlights the importance of the cooperative interplay between electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions.

Gerber, S. (ORCID:0000000257172626)↗

photoemission

The code is a python package that implements a one-step model to estimate quantum efficiency of photoemission from solid state surfaces. The analytical formulation is based on the approach proposed in Phys Rev B 95, 075439 (2017). This code extends that formalism from a model Hamiltonian to the calculation of quantum efficiency from the electronic states derived from solid-state quantum mechanical calculations obtained using the VASP code.

Batista, Enrique↗

Two-color field enhancement at an STM junction for spatiotemporally resolved photoemission

Here, we report measurements and numerical simulations of ultrafast laser-excited carrier flow across a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) junction. The current from a nanoscopic tungsten tip across a ~1 nm vacuum gap to a silver surface is driven by a two-color excitation scheme that uses an optical delay-modulation technique to extract the two-color signal from background contributions. The role of optical field enhancements in driving the current is investigated using density functional theory and full three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain computations. We find that simulated field-enhanced two-photon photoemission (2PPE) currents are in excellent agreement with the observed exponential decay of the two-color photoexcited current with increasing tip–surface separation, as well as its optical-delay dependence. The results suggest an approach to 2PPE with simultaneous subpicosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Aberration correction in photoemission microscopy and applications in photonics and plasmonics

We report on the design, assembly, operation and application of an aberration-corrected photoemission electron microscope. The instrument used novel hyperbolic mirror-correctors with two and three electrodes that allowed simultaneous correction of spherical and chromatic aberrations. A spatial resolution of 5.4nm was obtained with this instrument in 2009, and 4.7nm in subsequent years. New imaging methodology was introduced involving interferometric imaging of light diffraction. This methodology was applied in nano-photonics and in the characterization of surface-plasmon polaritons. Photonic crystals and waveguides, optical antennas and new plasmonic devices such as routers, localizers and filters were designed and demonstrated using the new capabilities offered by the microscope.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Electronic properties of novel topological quantum materials studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)

The discovery of quantum Hall e ect has motivated the use of topology instead of broken symmetry to classify the states of matter. Quantum spin Hall e ect has been proposed to have a separation of spin currents as an analogue of the charge currents separation in quantum Hall e ect, leading us to the era of topological insulators. Three-dimensional analogue of the Dirac state in graphene has brought us the three-dimensional Dirac states. Materials with three-dimensional Dirac states could potentially be the parent compounds for Weyl semimetals and topological insulators when time-reversal or space inversion symmetry is broken. In addition to the single Dirac point linking the two dispersion cones in the Dirac/Weyl semimetals, Dirac points can form a line in the momentum space, resulting in a topological node line semimetal. These fascinating novel topological quantum materials could provide us platforms for studying the relativistic physics in condensed matter systems and potentially lead to design of new electronic devices that run faster and consume less power than traditional, silicon based transistors. In this thesis, we present the electronic properties of novel topological quantum materials studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Receiving flat bands near the Fermi level in 1T-VSe2 by using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Here, we study the surface electronic structure of 1T-VSe 2 by means of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and uncover a dispersion-less emission located in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Its crystal momentum dependency reveals that it occupies large portions of the Brillouin zone (BZ), where no bulk band is expected. Upon electron doping (deposition of Rb-atoms), the system evolves in a surprising way. Besides the expected down-shifting of the bands, a splitting of both bulk and dispersion-less emission is observed. This peculiar behavior strongly suggests the intrinsic nature of the dispersion-less emission. Its characterization may therefore be relevant to a deeper understanding of the physics of transition metal dichalcogenides.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Operation Experience with DC Photoemission Guns at Jefferson Lab

The JLab IR FEL injector is driven by a DC photoemission electron gun based on GaAs photocathodes. Since the FEL commissioning in 1998, the DC gun has been rebuilt several times for improved performance and/or for repairs. After demonstrating 9 mA CW and over 7000 Coulombs at 350kV for three consecutive years, the gun was rebuilt in 2008 due to a punctured insulator. Since then, the gun has been operating at 325V (lower voltage due to field emission) and has delivered beam at 65 pC bunch charge for VUV FEL operations, and 135pC for IR FEL operations at beam currents up to 4 mA CW. In February 2011, a copy of that gun was tested in the Gun Test Stand with a partially conductive insulator from Wesgo/Morgan to study bulk conductivity as charge drain for preventing insulator puncture by field emission. Close to 300 hours of high voltage testing showed that processing of field emission with partial pressure of Krypton gas is very effective. The gun held 500kV over 8 hours with 1E-4 Torr of Krypton. However, the gun could not hold more than 440kV under vacuum conditions, at which set point the insulator suffered a puncture. Various observations of Kr processing behavior and voltage-induced gas desorption will be presented. Financial support was provided by the Office of Naval Research, the Army Night Vision Laboratory, the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Joint Technology Office, the Commonwealth of Virginia, and by the U.S. DOE Basic Energy Sciences under contract No. DE-AC05-060R23177.

Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos↗

Photoemission Studies of CdTe

CdTe photoemission absolute energies determined by correlating electron energy distribution structure with structure in optical data

ELECTRON ENERGY↗

Photoemission and band structure.

Relationship between photoemission and band structure of solids, giving illustrations for various semiconductor materials and metals

Spicer, W. E.↗