Solid state microwave source development program Final report
Microstrip oscillator for solid state microwave source
Hasty, T. E.↗
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Program on application of communications satellites to educational development. Wideband CW microwave amplification using Gunn effect devices
Application of Gunn effect to coaxial and microstrip circuits and development of equivalent circuits
Sene, A.↗
Integrated parametric amplifier module with self-contained solid-state pump source
Integrated S band microstrip parametric amplifier modules with self contained Gunn effect pump oscillator for space flight applications
Allen, C. M.↗
Design of a 12-GHz multicarrier earth-terminal for satellite-CATV interconnection
The design and development of the front-end for a multi-carrier system that allows multiplex signal transmission from satellite-borne transponders is described. Detailed systems analyses provided down-converter specifications. The 12 GHz carrier down-converter uses waveguide, coaxial, and microstrip transmission line elements in its implementation. Mixing is accomplished in a single-ended coaxial mixer employing a field-replacable cartridge style diode.
Newman, B. A.↗
A wideband 12 GHz down converter
The design, fabrication, and evaluation of a single ended 12 GHz down-converter suitable for use in a low cost satellite ground terminal is described. The mixer uses waveguide, coaxial and MIC (microwave integrated circuit) transmission line components. Theoretical and experimental analyses of several microstrip circuit elements are presented including the traveling wave-directional filter, quarter wave-length proximity directional coupler, low pass filter and the quarterwave band stop filter. The optimum performance achieved for the mixer using a packaged diode was 9.4 db conversion loss and a bandwidth of 275 MHz.
Newman, B. A.↗
Ku-band miniature modulators
Ku-band microminiature modulators were designed to convert a 10 mW signal at 400 MHz to a 10 mW signal at 15 GHz. The designs incorporate gallium arsenide Schottky barrier varactors used in upper-sideband up-converters. The use of Ku-band microstrip circulators and hairpin resonator bandpass filters at 2.1 GHz and 2.5 GHz is included. The design and fabrication of a single up-conversion unit with a double up-conversion unit are compared. Various filter configurations are studies, and the use of both alumina and quartz substrates are considered. The various impedance matching networks are evaluated using computer aided design techniques.
Ernst, R. L.↗
Integrated-circuit balanced parametric amplifier
Amplifier, fabricated on single dielectric substrate, has pair of Schottky barrier varactor diodes mounted on single semiconductor chip. Circuit includes microstrip transmission line and slot line section to conduct signals. Main features of amplifier are reduced noise output and low production cost.
Dickens, L. E.↗
Amplification of microwaves by superconducting microbridges in a four-wave parametric mode
Parametric amplification of microwaves was observed using thin-film junctions of the Anderson-Dayem type. A series of 80 such junctions were incorporated into the upper conductor of a broadband 50-ohm microstrip transmission line with no DC bias. The amplifier was operated in the 'doubly degenerate' mode with signal, pump, and idler frequencies closely and equally spaced. An electronic gain of 12 dB at 10 GHz was observed. The bandwidth was measured to be 1 GHz and the noise temperature to be less than 20 K.
Parrish, P. T.↗
"Printed-circuit" rectenna
Rectifying antenna is less bulky structure for absorbing transmitted microwave power and converting it into electrical current. Printed-circuit approach, using microstrip technology and circularly polarized antenna, makes polarization orientation unimportant and allows much smaller arrays for given performance. Innovation is particularly useful with proposed electric vehicles powered by beam microwaves.
Dickinson, R. M.↗
Low-profile communications antenna
Low profile antenna constructed using microstrip techniques are used for elliptical or circularly polarized signals. Operating range is determined by thickness of dielectric layer and size of antenna element. Compact size and shape along with other desirable features may make antenna useful for communication on trains and other road vehicles.
Yu, I. P.↗
Solar Power Satellite (SPS) solid-state antenna power combiner
A low loss power-combining microstrip antenna suitable for solid state solar power satellite (SPS) application was developed. A unique approach for performing both the combining and radiating function in a single cavity-type circuit was verified, representing substantial refinements over previous demonstration models in terms of detailed geometry to obtain good matching and adequate bandwidth at the design frequency. The combiner circuit was designed, built, and tested and the overall results support the view that the solid state power-combining antenna approach is a viable candidate for a solid state SPS antenna building block.
Source record↗
IC Ku-band Impatt Amplifier
High efficiency GaAs low-high-low IMPATTs were investigated. Theoretical analyses were employed to establish a design window for the material parameters to maximize microwave performance. Single mesa devices yielded typically 2 to 3 W with 16 to 23% efficiency in waveguide oscillator test circuits. IMPATTs with high reliability Pt/TiW/Pt/Au metallizations were subjected to temperature stress, non-rf bias-temperature stress, and rf bias-temperature stress. Assuming that temperature is the driving force behind the dominant failure mechanism, a mean-time-to-failure considerably greater than 500,000 hours is indicated by the stress tests. A 15 GHz, 4W, 56 dB gain microstrip amplifier was realized using GaAs FETs and IMPATTs. Power combining using a 3 db Lange coupler is employed in the power output stage having an intrinsic power-added efficiency of 15.7%. Overall dc-to-rf efficiency of the amplifier is 10.8%. The amplifier has greater than a 250 MHz, 1 db bandwidth; operates over the 0 deg to 50 C (base plate) temperature range with less than 0.5 db change in the power output; weighs 444 grams; and has a volume of 220 cu cm.
Sokolov, V.↗
A simple stripline design for uneven power split
A technique for the design of stripline or microstrip power dividers for unequal, but in-phase, power split is described. The output power ratio is determined by selecting the location of the input port in a manner analogous to the tap point for an electric power transformer. The technique yields a usable bandwidth of 7 to 8 percent and is attractive for tapered amplitude distribution networks for narrow band phased arrays.
Bailey, M. C.↗
Unequal-Split Strip-Line Power Divider
Simple technique for designing strip-line or microstrip power dividers can be used for unequal, but inphase power split. Technique allows power splits ranging from equal to as large as required, with advantage of using same line impedances and line spacings for all splits. Output power ratio is determined by selecting location of input port in manner analogous to tap point for electric-power transformer.
Bailey, M. C.↗
SPS solid state antenna power combiner
A concept for a solar power satellite antenna power combiner which utilizes solid state dc-rf converters is described. To avoid the power combining losses associated with circuit hybrids it is proposed that the power from multiple solid state amplifiers be combined by direct coupling of each amplifier's output to the radiating antenna structure. The selected power-combining antenna consists of a printed (metalized) microstrip circuit on a ceramic type dielectric substrate which is backed by a shallow lightweight aluminum cavity which sums the power of four microwave sources. The antenna behaves like two one-half wavelength slot-line antennas coupled together via their common cavity structure. A significant feature of the antenna configuration selected is that the radiated energy is summed to yield a single radiated output phase which represents the average insertion phase of the four power amplifiers. This energy may be sampled and, by comparison with the input signal, one can phase error correct to maintain the insertion phase of all solid state power combining modules at exactly the same value. This insures that the insertion phase of each SPS power combining antenna module is identical. An experiment verification program is described.
Fitzsimmons, G. W.↗
Microwave integrated circuit for Josephson voltage standards
A microwave integrated circuit comprised of one or more Josephson junctions and short sections of microstrip or stripline transmission line is fabricated from thin layers of superconducting metal on a dielectric substrate. The short sections of transmission are combined to form the elements of the circuit and particularly, two microwave resonators. The Josephson junctions are located between the resonators and the impedance of the Josephson junctions forms part of the circuitry that couples the two resonators. The microwave integrated circuit has an application in Josephson voltage standards. In this application, the device is asymmetrically driven at a selected frequency (approximately equal to the resonance frequency of the resonators), and a d.c. bias is applied to the junction. By observing the current voltage characteristic of the junction, a precise voltage, proportional to the frequency of the microwave drive signal, is obtained.
Holdeman, L. B.↗
General aviation aircraft antennas for the global positioning system
Several antenna designs that utilize the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System in a low-cost system for general aviation aircraft were evaluated. Experimental investigations were made of crossed-dipoles, various types of crossed-slots, and microstrip antennas with modifications to improve their coverage. Principal plane radiation patterns for several of these antennas were measured on a one-seventh scale model of a Gates Lear Jet.
Gilreath, M. C.↗
SPS solid state antenna power combiner
Solid state dc-rf converters offer potential improvements in reliability, mass and low voltage operation, provided that anticipated efficiencies in excess of 80 percent can be realized. Field effect transistors offer the greatest potential in the SPS frequency band at 2.45 GHz. To implement this approach it is essential that means be found to sum the power of many relatively low power solid state sources in a low-loss manner, and that means be provided to properly control the phase of the outputs of the large number of solid state sources required. To avoid the power combining losses associated with circuit hybrids it was proposed that the power from multiple solid state amplifiers be combined by direct coupling of each amplifier's output to the radiating antenna structure. The selected power-combining antenna consists of a unique printed (metalized) microstrip circuit on a ceramic type dielectric substrate which is backed by a shallow lightweight aluminum cavity which sums the power of four microwave sources. The antenna behaves like two one-half wavelength slot-line antennas coupled together via their common cavity structure.
Fitzsimmons, G. W.↗