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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Influence of chemical ordering on the thermal conductivity and electronic relaxation in FePt thin films in heat assisted magnetic recording applications

Here, we report on the out-of-plane thermal conductivities of tetragonal L1 0 FePt (001) easy-axis and cubic A1 FePt thin films via time-domain thermoreflectance over a temperature range from 133 K to 500 K. The out-of-plane thermal conductivity of the chemically ordered L10 phase with alternating Fe and Pt layers is ~23% greater than the thermal conductivity of the disordered A1 phase at room temperature and below. However, as temperature is increased above room temperature, the thermal conductivities of the two phases begin to converge. Molecular dynamics simulations on model FePt structures support our experimental findings and help shed more light into the relative vibrational thermal transport properties of the L1 0 and A1 phases. Furthermore, unlike the varying temperature trends in the thermal conductivities of the two phases, the electronic scattering rates in the out-of-plane direction of the two phases are similar for the temperature range studied in this work.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Atomic scale interface engineering for realizing a perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB-based skyrmion hosting material

Néel-type magnetic skyrmions in perpendicularly magnetized systems have attracted considerable interest due to their potential in fundamental research on topological objects and spintronics applications. Various systems have been explored to study Néel-type magnetic skyrmions, including repeated magnetic multilayers, two-dimensional materials, and single magnetic thin-films. Among these, single magnetic thin-films, especially a CoFeB single layer, offers multiple benefits, such as reduced defect energy, high mobility, and easy integration with existing magnetoresistive random access memory technology. However, optimizing CoFeB-based skyrmion hosting materials remains challenging and requires further systematic and comprehensive investigation. Here, in this study, we examine the effect of atomic-scale interface engineering by inserting a Ta layer between the CoFeB/MgO interface on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, saturation magnetization, and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Moreover, we provide a guideline for engineering material parameters and demonstrate the validity of atomic-scale interface engineering. Our findings contribute to the development of optimized CoFeB-based skyrmion hosting materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2010

Hidden Magnetic Configuration in Epitaxial La1-x SrxMnO3 Films

We present an unreported magnetic configuration in epitaxial La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x {approx} 0.3) (LSMO) films grown on strontium titanate (STO). X-ray magnetic circular dichroism indicates that the remanent magnetic state of thick LSMO films is opposite to the direction of the applied magnetic field. Spectroscopic and scattering measurements reveal that the average Mn valence varies from mixed Mn{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 4+} to an enriched Mn{sup 3+} region near the STO interface, resulting in a compressive lattice along the a, b axis and a possible electronic reconstruction in the Mn e{sub g} orbital (d{sub 3z{sup 2}-r{sup 2}}). This reconstruction may provide a mechanism for coupling the Mn{sup 3+} moments antiferromagnetically along the surface normal direction, and in turn may lead to the observed reversed magnetic configuration.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

Tuning magnetic anisotropy in (001) oriented L1{sub 0} (Fe{sub 1-x}Cu{sub x}){sub 55}Pt{sub 45} films

We have achieved (001) oriented L1{sub 0} (Fe{sub 1-x}Cu{sub x}){sub 55}Pt{sub 45} thin films, with magnetic anisotropy up to 3.6 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 7} erg/cm{sup 3}, using atomic-scale multilayer sputtering and post annealing at 400 Degree-Sign C for 10 s. By fixing the Pt concentration, structure and magnetic properties are systematically tuned by the Cu addition. Increasing Cu content results in an increase in the tetragonal distortion of the L1{sub 0} phase, significant changes to the film microstructure, and lowering of the saturation magnetization and anisotropy. The relatively convenient synthesis conditions, along with the tunable magnetic properties, make such materials highly desirable for future magnetic recording technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Laser controlled magnetism in hydrogenated fullerene films

Room temperature ferromagnetic-like behavior in fullerene photopolymerized films treated with monatomic hydrogen is reported. The hydrogen treatment controllably varies the paramagnetic spin concentration and laser induced polymerization transforms the paramagnetic phase to a ferromagnetic-like one. Excess laser irradiation destroys magnetic ordering, presumably due to structural changes, which was continuously monitored by Raman spectroscopy. We suggest an interpretation of the data based on first-principles density-functional spin-unrestricted calculations which show that the excess spin from mono-atomic hydrogen is delocalized within the host fullerene and the laser-induced polymerization promotes spin exchange interaction and spin alignment in the polymerized phase.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic phase transitions in Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers

We study thin films and magnetic tunnel junction nanopillars based on Ta/Co{sub 20}Fe{sub 60}B{sub 20}/MgO multilayers by electrical transport and magnetometry measurements. These measurements suggest that an ultrathin magnetic oxide layer forms at the Co{sub 20}Fe{sub 60}B{sub 20}/MgO interface. At approximately 160 K, the oxide undergoes a phase transition from an insulating antiferromagnet at low temperatures to a conductive weak ferromagnet at high temperatures. This interfacial magnetic oxide is expected to have significant impact on the magnetic properties of CoFeB-based multilayers used in spin torque memories.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Soft Magnetic Properties of Hf{sub x}Co{sub 100−x} Thin Films

Hf{sub x}Co{sub 100−x} thin films (in the atomic weight range of x = 30–36) were growth on Si (100) substrates by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering method. Thin films produced with atomic compositions in this context depicted the amorphous structure. The films revealed soft magnetic properties and thus exhibited very low hysteresis along the hard-axis direction. Magnetic measurements indicated that Hf{sub 35}Co{sub 65} thin film has the maximum saturation magnetization (1491 emu cm{sup −3}) at 300 K. Additionally, magnetization measurements show an increase in saturation magnetization value from 981 to 1491 emu cm{sup −3} when the value of x varies between 30 and 35. The influence of varying sputtering pressure and film composition on soft magnetic properties are investigated and discussed in the present paper.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

Elemental and magnetic sensitive imaging using x-ray excited luminescence microscopy

We demonstrate the potential of x-ray excited luminescence microscopy for full-field elemental and magnetic sensitive imaging using a commercially available optical microscope, mounted on preexisting synchrotron radiation (SR) beamline end stations. The principal components of the instrument will be described. Bench top measurements indicate that a resolution of 1 {mu}m or better is possible; this value was degraded in practice due to vibrations and/or drift in the end station and associated manipulator. X-ray energy dependent measurements performed on model solar cell materials and lithographically patterned magnetic thin film structures reveal clear elemental and magnetic signatures. The merits of the apparatus will be discussed in terms of conventional SR imaging techniques.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Interlayer engineering of Fe 3 GeTe 2 : From 3D superlattice to 2D monolayer

The discoveries of ferromagnetism down to the atomically thin limit in van der Waals (vdW) crystals by mechanical exfoliation have enriched the family of magnetic thin films [C. Gong et al., Nature 546 , 265–269 (2017) and B. Huang et al., Nature 546 , 270–273 (2017)]. However, compared to the study of traditional magnetic thin films by physical deposition methods, the toolbox of the vdW crystals based on mechanical exfoliation and transfer suffers from low yield and ambient corrosion problem and now is facing new challenges to study magnetism. For example, the formation of magnetic superlattice is difficult in vdW crystals, which limits the study of the interlayer interaction in vdW crystals [M. Gibertini, M. Koperski, A. F. Morpurgo, K. S. Novoselov, Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 , 408–419 (2019)]. Here, we report a strategy of interlayer engineering of the magnetic vdW crystal Fe 3 GeTe 2 (FGT) by intercalating quaternary ammonium cations into the vdW spacing. Both three-dimensional (3D) vdW superlattice and two-dimensional (2D) vdW monolayer can be formed by using this method based on the amount of intercalant. On the one hand, the FGT superlattice shows a strong 3D critical behavior with a decreased coercivity and increased domain wall size, attributed to the co-engineering of the anisotropy, exchange interaction, and electron doping by intercalation. On the other hand, the 2D vdW few layers obtained by over-intercalation are capped with organic molecules from the bulk crystal, which not only enhances the ferromagnetic transition temperature ( T C ), but also substantially protects the thin samples from degradation, thus allowing the preparation of large-scale FGT ink in ambient environment.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Direct imaging of coexisting ordered and frustrated sublattices in artificial ferromagnetic quasicrystals

Here, we have used scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis and photoemission electron microscopy to image the two-dimensional magnetization of permalloy films patterned into Penrose P2 tilings (P2T). The interplay of exchange interactions in asymmetrically coordinated vertices and short-range dipole interactions among connected film segments stabilize magnetically ordered, spatially distinct sublattices that coexist with frustrated sublattices at room temperature. Numerical simulations that include long-range dipole interactions between sublattices agree with images of as-grown P2T samples and predict a magnetically ordered ground state for a two-dimensional quasicrystal lattice of classical Ising spins.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Permanently Magnetized Insulating Thin-Film Devices by Reduction

A reduction-based manufacturing process for creating technologically important multilayer structures from lattice-matched ferromagnetic insulators and ferromagnetic conductors is reported. The process is demonstrated by growing a permanently magnetized double-layer structure, consisting of lattice-matched conducting (Ni,Co) and insulating (Ni 0.4 Co 0.6 ) 3 O 3 layers, through a single deposition cycle. The orientation of the metal cation network is preserved after reduction. Close-packing displacements of Ni and Co take place in such a manner that the in-plane hexagonal arrangement is preserved. This is critical for ensuring high-quality interfaces joining the layers. At room temperature the hysteresis loop is centered. At low temperature the oxide layer becomes ferrimagnetically ordered, accompanied by a shift of the hysteresis loop along the magnetic field axis. The shift is assigned to exchange bias phenomenon. Biaxial compressive strain is responsible for the required ferrimagnetic ordering. Finally, spin valves and closely related magnetoresistance random access memory and spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory devices are addressed as potential applications.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic Phases and Inhomogeneous Micromagnetic Structures in a Ferrite Garnet Film with Orientation (210)

Possible magnetic states of a cubic ferromagnet with a uniaxial anisotropy induced along the [210] direction are theoretically investigated. It is demonstrated that the orientation phase diagram of a magnet is nontrivial and admits the existence of three types of magnetic phases that differ in transformational properties and the presence of quintuple points, isostructural phase transitions, etc. It is found that magnetic inhomogeneities, regardless of the values of parameters of the matter, have a common structure: they correspond to 180-degree domain boundaries with a noncircular trajectory of the magnetization vector. The features of homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic states, found in these materials, make it possible to explain the manifestation of a flexomagnetoelectric effect in them.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Nonlinear multi-magnon scattering in artificial spin ice

Abstract Magnons, the quantum-mechanical fundamental excitations of magnetic solids, are bosons whose number does not need to be conserved in scattering processes. Microwave-induced parametric magnon processes, often called Suhl instabilities, have been believed to occur in magnetic thin films only, where quasi-continuous magnon bands exist. Here, we reveal the existence of such nonlinear magnon-magnon scattering processes and their coherence in ensembles of magnetic nanostructures known as artificial spin ice. We find that these systems exhibit effective scattering processes akin to those observed in continuous magnetic thin films. We utilize a combined microwave and microfocused Brillouin light scattering measurement approach to investigate the evolution of their modes. Scattering events occur between resonance frequencies that are determined by each nanomagnet’s mode volume and profile. Comparison with numerical simulations reveals that frequency doubling is enabled by exciting a subset of nanomagnets that, in turn, act as nanosized antennas, an effect that is akin to scattering in continuous films. Moreover, our results suggest that tunable directional scattering is possible in these structures.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

Reactive sputter deposition of pyrite structure transition metal disulfide thin films: Microstructure, transport, and magnetism

Transition metal disulfides crystallizing in the pyrite structure (e.g., TMS{sub 2}, with TM = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) are a class of materials that display a remarkably diverse array of functional properties. These properties include highly spin-polarized ferromagnetism (in Co{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}S{sub 2}), superconductivity (in CuS{sub 2}), an antiferromagnetic Mott insulating ground state (in NiS{sub 2}), and semiconduction with close to optimal parameters for solar absorber applications (in FeS{sub 2}). Exploitation of these properties in heterostructured devices requires the development of reliable and reproducible methods for the deposition of high quality pyrite structure thin films. In this manuscript, we report on the suitability of reactive sputter deposition from metallic targets in an Ar/H{sub 2}S environment as a method to achieve exactly this. Optimization of deposition temperature, Ar/H{sub 2}S pressure ratio, and total working gas pressure, assisted by plasma optical emission spectroscopy, reveals significant windows over which deposition of single-phase, polycrystalline, low roughness pyrite films can be achieved. This is illustrated for the test cases of the ferromagnetic metal CoS{sub 2} and the diamagnetic semiconductor FeS{sub 2}, for which detailed magnetic and transport characterization are provided. The results indicate significant improvements over alternative deposition techniques such as ex situ sulfidation of metal films, opening up exciting possibilities for all-sulfide heterostructured devices. In particular, in the FeS{sub 2} case it is suggested that fine-tuning of the sputtering conditions provides a potential means to manipulate doping levels and conduction mechanisms, critical issues in solar cell applications. Parenthetically, we note that conditions for synthesis of phase-pure monosulfides and thiospinels are also identified.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Study on the oxygen vacancy redistribution and the mechanism of electrical manipulation of ferromagnetism in diluted magnetic oxides

Electrical manipulation of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) has been observed in several kinds of transition metal doped diluted magnetic oxide films. We demonstrate using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the redistribution of the oxygen vacancies in a film under an electric field plays a crucial role in the enhancement of the RTFM. Based on a detailed analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data for the oxygen vacancy distribution in different resistive states, a unified mechanism has been proposed. This work points out a new direction for improving the magnetic properties of these materials by controlling oxygen vacancies in the interior of the films.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Spatial modulation of in-plane magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Co(111) films grown on macrostep-bunched Si(111)

We compared magnetic properties of epitaxial Co(111) films grown on microstep- and macrostep-bunched vicinal Si(111) substrates. A surface of the microstep-bunched Si(111) substrate represents regular array of step-bunches with height of 1.7 nm divided from each other by flat microterraces with a width of 34 nm. A surface of the macrostep-bunched Si(111) substrate is constituted by macrostep bunches with a height of 75–85 nm divided by atomically flat macroterraces. The average sum width of a macrostep bunch and a macroterrace is 2.3 μm. While in-plane magnetic anisotropy was spatially uniform in Co(111) films grown on the microstep-bunched Si(111), periodic macromodulation of the topography of the Si(111) substrate induced spatial modulation of in-plane magnetic anisotropy in Co(111) film grown on the macrostep-bunched Si(111) surface. The energy of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in the areas of the Co(111) film deposited on the Si(111) macrosteps was higher more than by the order of magnitude than the energy of the magnetic anisotropy in the areas grown on macroterraces. Magnetization reversal in the areas with different energy of the magnetic anisotropy occurred in different magnetic fields. We showed the possibility of obtaining high density of domain walls in Co(111) film grown on the macrostep-bunched Si(111) by tuning the spatial step density of the Si(111) substrate.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Simple correction for the sample shape and radial offset effects on SQUID magnetometers: Magnetic measurements on Ln{sub 2}O{sub 3} (Ln=Gd, Dy, Er) standards

An increased focus on magnetic measurements of oriented single crystals, thin films, and magnetically dilute systems has led to a demand for the measurement of weak magnetic moments. This level of sensitivity and precision can be achieved on SQUID magnetometers by decreasing the size of the detection coils. However, the smaller detection coils can amplify two errors in the magnitude of the measured moment, the sample shape and radial offset effects, which were small and typically unaccounted for on previous magnetometers. We report a simple method to determine the radial offset of a sample by taking advantage of the two basic scan modes, DC and lock-in, typically used on magnetometers. This technique allows for the correction of the sample shape and radial offset effects in order to obtain the true moment of a sample. To show the efficacy of this technique, we report the magnetic properties of Ln{sub 2}O{sub 3} (Ln=Gd, Dy, Er). - Graphical abstract: Correction for the sample shape and radial offset effects on SQUID magnetometers using a combination of DC and VSM scan data. - Highlights: • Sample shape and radial offset effects alter the moment measured by magnetometers. • We present a simple method to correct for these sample effects on magnetometers. • We measure magnetic susceptibilities of Ln{sub 2}O{sub 3} to show the efficacy of this method.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗