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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

The Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen Under Mild Conditions (Final Report)

In order to use molecular hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels, large quantities of hydrogen (or protons and electrons) would have to be generated from water using a method based on solar energy and stored as a molecule in which hydrogen is a high weight percentage. The hydrogen must then be generated as needed from the form in which it is stored. An attractive molecule for this purpose is ammonia (~17% hydrogen by weight). Among the many problems that must be addressed for a successful implementation of this approach in the long term is the reduction of nitrogen catalytically to ammonia with protons and electrons under mild conditions, a goal that is addressed in this proposal. The first abiological catalytic reduction of N 2 to NH 3 by protons and electrons under mild conditions (22 °C and 1 atm) employed molybdenum catalysts, [(HIPTNCH 2 CH 2 ) 3 N]Mo (HIPTN 3 N 3- ), where HIPT (hexaisopropylterphenyl) is 3,5- (2,4,6-i-Pr 3 C 6 H 2 ) 2 C 6 H 3 . A total of approximately four turnovers (to give a maximum of eight equivalents of ammonia) along with approximately one equivalent of hydrogen per N 2 reduced, were found. A limitation of this catalytic approach is loss of the ligand from the metal. This project is aimed at developing a complex that contains a ligand that will not be removed from the metal. A macrocyclic TREN-based ligand of this type has been synthesized recently. The project is aimed at making similar ligands and molybdenum complexes that contain them and testing the new catalysts for catalytic reduction of dinitrogen. The results of these investigations will help guide further design of ligands for more efficient reduction of nitrogen to ammonia and ultimately an integrated device in which protons and electrons are generated using solar energy and employed to reduce nitrogen to ammonia using molybdenum catalysts.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Innovations in optimization and control of accelerators using methods of differential geometry and genetic algorithms (Final Report)

Online tuning of particle accelerators is necessary in order to achieve optimal machine performance. However, it is also a major challenge due to the large parameter space which must be searched and the fact that many of the desir- able objectives compete with one another, and so will not reach their optimal values simultaneously. In order to mitigate these issues, we have explored using dimension-reduction techniques to reduce the size of the parameter space which must be searched and multi-objective genetic algorithms to obtain the sets of tuning parameters which provide pareto-optimal values for the objectives. These methods have enabled us to obtain improved values of the vertical emittance at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), and to do so with greater control of orbit errors. Algorithmic tuning is a multidisciplinary endeavour, requiring expertise in beam dynamics, diagnostics, control systems and computer science, and thus a key practical problem is to formulate a common language in which experts with different specialties can communicate. We developed a solution to this problem in the form of a generic accelerator software interface that allows for rapid prototyping of optimization and control algorithms. Our interface is built on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control Systems (EPICS) and makes possible testing control code in simulation before deployment on real accelerators, as well as deployment of third-party optimization code.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Pushing the Dark-Matter Limit: The LUX-Zeplin (LZ) Experiment (Final Report)

This report highlights the accomplishments of the dark-matter group of the University of Rochester during the project period. During the grant period, all of our responsibilities for LUX were completed. Several papers describing the results of LUX analyses carried out by the Rochester group were published. The success of the Rochester trigger electronics, developed for LUX, resulted in it being selected to provide the digital platform for LZ. The PI is leading an excellent team of engineers, scientists, and students to provide the signal processing electronics, the control and monitoring system for the LZ detector, and the online computing infrastructure to process the LZ data and transfer them to the US Data Center at NERSC. During the grant period most of the R&D and prototyping of the LZ electronics was completed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

GATE Center of Excellence in Innovative Drivetrains in Electric Automotive Technology Education (IDEATE) (Final Report)

The IDEATE project recognized that this is a critical point in history where advanced engineering solutions are required to propel the U.S. automotive industry irrevocably to the next level: the electrified drivetrain. The existing workforce is not sufficient to this task. It is imperative that automotive engineers with traditional backgrounds focused on internal-combustion and mechanical-drivetrain technologies be retrained with the most current advanced solutions in battery controls and vehicle power electronics. For the long-term success of the U.S. automakers, it is even more important that a future workforce be developed that has both broad and deep comprehension of the issues involved and the most advanced solutions known to these problems. Two campuses of the University of Colorado system joined forces to establish the GATE Center of Excellence in Innovative Drivetrains in Electric Automotive Technology Education (IDEATE). The University of Colorado Boulder (CU-Boulder) is widely regarded as having one of the top graduate programs in power electronics in the country; the University of Colorado Colorado Springs (UCCS) has unrivaled expertise in algorithms for automotive battery control. By collaborating, IDEATE built on our team’s proven strengths to develop innovative curricula and to initiate courses and programs that have provided (and continue to provide) students with a unique opportunity for holistic and specialty education in electric drivetrain technology (part-way through the project, we invited Utah State University to join the project, adding to our strength in power electronics for battery application).

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Kinetic effects of self-organization in low-temperature magnetized plasmas (Final Report for DE-SC0019045: 9/1/2018-8/31/2019)

The research goal of this Early Career Research Program project is to advance the science of low temperature magnetized plasmas using first-principles kinetic, e.g., solving the Boltzmann equation, models. A better understanding of the plasma transport properties, such as electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity must be obtained to better control and design magnetized plasma sources. A key physical phenomenon in low-temperature magnetized plasmas is the self-organization of plasma flows, e.g., coherent plasma structures and transition between different discharge modes. Understanding the physics of coherent plasma structures has been identified as one of the four important frontier topics in a recent workshop by the Office of Fusion Energy Science. These self-emerging plasma patterns results from the nonlinear coupling between plasma constituents (ions, electrons, and neutral atoms), electromagnetic fields, and materials. The physics of low-temperature magnetized plasmas is particularly complex because (i) the collisionless instabilities affect collisional phenomena (ionization, transport, etc.) and vice versa and (ii) the presence of materials (sheath, electron injection, etc.) influences the bulk plasma properties in low-temperature plasma (LTP) devices. Computational models of these plasma flows remain challenging because the plasma density can vary several orders of magnitudes, a wide range of temporal and spatial scales must be resolved, the phenomena are inherently three-dimensional, and various physical processes, such as wall interaction, instabilities, inelastic collisions, etc., must be simultaneously and self-consistently taken into account. Understanding the fundamental transport mechanisms in cross-field configurations enables additional controllability of plasma properties and electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs).

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

The vertical structure of convective mass-flux derived from modern radar systems: Data analysis in support of cumulus parametrization (Final Report)

The project delivered against all its major aims. We first developed a new calibration technique that enabled the construction of a long-term (17 years) calibrated radar dataset for the Darwin region. We documented both the technique and the data set in publications. We then developed a corresponding long-term dataset that characterises the large-scale state of the atmosphere. Equipped with both, we examined the relationship of key convective ensemble characteristics, such as cloud number and size, with the convective environment. In addition to the stated goals, we also applied the data set to i) estimate rainfall efficiency; ii) derive a new metric for convective organisation and iii) derive a longterm data set of convective mass-flux in the Darwin region and apply it to derive estimates of entrainment and detrainment rates in a convective cloud ensemble. Most of the research has been published or submitted for publication and will therefore only briefly summarised here, with links to or copies of the respective papers supplied.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Assimilation of Multiscale Data into Multifidelity Biogeochemical Models (Final Report)

Quantitative predictions of subsurface processes rely on computational models that capture, with different degrees of fidelity, complex interactions between hydrologic and biogeochemical processes. Molecular- and pore-scale models provide a high-fidelity representation of these processes but are impractical at the field scale. Reduced complexity (e.g., field-scale or data-driven) models sacrifice some degree of fidelity in favor of computational efficiency. Uncertainty and assimilation of data into model predictions, pose a question of model selection: Given a significant difference in computational cost, can a lower-fidelity model be preferable to its higher-fidelity counterpart? Since a predictive model must be computable in reasonable time it has to operate at the field scale, with molecular- and pore-scale data (obtained either from simulations or measurements) determining both the model's structure and parameters. Availability of such multi-resolution data raises a question hitherto undressed in hydrogeology: Can a coarse model dynamically ``learn'' its own structure (e.g., adjust the reaction pathways in its transport module) as more fine-scale data become available during simulations? Our results in multifidelity simulations, data assimilation, and machine learning led us to hypothesize that the answer to these questions is ``yes''. The overarching goal of this project was to confirm this hypothesis by developing scalable, computationally efficient tools for assimilation of data into multiscale models, in which fine-scale data and simulations dynamically inform and autonomously modify coarse-scale models. Our research led to nine manuscripts, three of which have been published and the other six are currently under review.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

XXVIIth International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY 2019) (Final Report)

Supersymmetry (SUSY) is one of most elegant extensions of the Standard Model (SM) and explains the puzzles of the SM by providing a candidate to explain the dark matter content of the universe, allowing scientists to understand the origin of the electroweak scale requiring the top mass to be around 170 GeV and leading to the unification of forces at a grand unified scale. Further the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) predicts the Higgs boson mass to be less than 135 GeV. The discovery of the Higgs Boson with mass around 125 GeV at the LHC has provided a major support to SUSY ideas. Searches for SUSY are ongoing at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Direct and indirect dark matter experiments are searching for a particle dark matter candidate which arises most naturally in SUSY models. Proton decay predicted by SUSY grand unified theories is being searched for at deep underground experiments. In addition, recent advances in neutrino and dark matter physics, observational astrophysics, precision cosmology and the promising new window into the cosmos opened by the direct detection of gravitational waves, have brought new ideas on the potential connections between new fundamental particles and our understanding of their impact on the early universe and its evolution. At present, the major questions include: Is SUSY still the best candidate for models beyond the SM? Do we have any well motivated alternative to SUSY? Have we exhausted all possibilities to search for new physics at high and low energy scales? XXVIIth International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY 2019), hosted by Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi during May 20-24, 2019, provided a unique venue to discus and understand the status of SUSY, connection between particle physics and cosmology, supersymmetry and its alternative, Higgs sector, neutrino sector, flavor sector, dark matter, electroweak phase transition, astroparticle physics, gravitational waves and string theory. Discussion of results from the LHC, recent neutrino experiments and observations, direct and indirect dark matter detection experiments, detection of gravitational waves, data from particle colliders, as well as measurements of the CMB and Large Scale Structure were an integral part of SUSY 2019. To ensure the younger participants will benefit from the conference the most, the conference was preceded by the 4 day long pre-SUSY summer school for graduate students and postdocs. The invited speakers were leading scientists in the fields of SUSY interest. The school took place on Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi campus during the week prior the SUSY 2019 conference (May 15 – 18, 2019). Since its inception in 1993, SUSY has become one of the most important and widely attended international meetings in high energy physics, devoted to new ideas in fundamental particle physics. SUSY 2019 brought together approximately 250 scientists, theorists, phenomenologists, experimentalists and cosmologists, (including over 60 graduate students and 70 postdocs) representing 22 nations: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom and United States. SUSY 2019 provided a stimulating venue for the exchange of scientific ideas among experts in dark matter, neutrino physics, particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. The following scientific topics were delivered during SUSY 2019 in form of 44 plenary talks and over 200 parallel talks: Unification of Forces; Electroweak, Top and Higgs Physics; Precision Calculations and MC tools; BSM in Flavor Physics; Neutrino Masses: Models and Phenomenology; Cosmology and Gravitational Waves; Dark Matter, Astroparticle Physics; Formal Field Theory and Strings; Alternatives to Supersymmetry; Quantum Information: Machine Learning/Big Data. 28 talks were given during the pre-SUSY program related to the following topics: Neutrino Physics; Big Data; Collider Physics & SUSY; String Phenomenology; Cosmology; Dark Matter; SUSY Models and Phenomenology

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Collaborative Research: Improved Efficiency and Coupling of the Radiation Code in the ACME Earth System Model (Final Report)

The complexity of radiative transfer, its importance to the exchange of energy in the climate system, and its high computational cost establishes importance of an accurate and efficient radiative transfer parameterization for climate simulation. Previous work by the proposing team at AER led to the development of the radiation code, RRTMG, which has been widely accepted by the global modeling community as a fast and accurate advancement over the previous generation of radiation codes. It has been in use in the NCAR CESM for many years, and it has been implemented in the initial version the DOE E3SM model. However, its computational cost remains high relative to other components in part due to its complexity and to its inefficient use of modern optimization strategies, and this project helped address this limitation for the code’s application in E3SM. Under other funding, the Investigators of this project led an effort to develop a high-performance broadband radiation code, called RTE+RRTMGP, which is a completely restructured code that will take advantage of modern computational capabilities to enhance its performance while retaining the strengths and accuracy of the original code. Designed to perform over a range of computer architectures, RTE+RRTMGP makes extensive use of Fortran 2003 features to improve both its efficiency and its use of memory. RTE+RRTMGP is expected to be adopted in the next generation of RTE+RRTMGP. This project allowed for advancements to the code’s computational capabilities and adding new and enhanced features. This included revising RTE+RRTMGP to run on GPU processors, analysis of and improvements to the code’s timing, modifying the gas optics in RRTMGP to increase the code’s accuracy, extensive validation of computed fluxes, heating rates and forcings, generating a cloud optical property and vertical sampling capabilities for RTE+RRTMGP, implementing a fast and accurate longwave scattering capability, and groundwork for the inclusion of a capability to specify solar variability. Many of the accomplishment in this project necessitated significant collaboration with the E3SM development team. The result of this project was optimization of a key physical component (radiative transfer calculations) of E3SM, directly supporting E3SM’s overarching global modeling objectives. More broadly, this project provided overall advancements in the use of radiative transfer calculations in atmospheric modeling and simulation, particularly for climate.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Study of shortwave spectra in fully 3D environment: synergy between scanning radars and spectral radiation measurements (final Report)

Overview of 3D atmospheric radiative transfer in cloudy atmosphere for Reports on Progress in Physics. We surveyed the 3D atmospheric radiative transfer literature over the past 50 years and identify three concurrent and intertwining themes: first, how to assess the damage (bias) caused by 3D effects in the operational 1D radiative transfer models? Second, how to mitigate this damage? Third, can we exploit 3D radiative transfer phenomena to invent new observation methods and technologies? Two equally important application areas for atmospheric radiative transfer in general, and 3D in particular, were identified: broadband radiative energy budget estimation and wavelength-specific optical remote sensing signal modeling. As illustrations, both satellite and ARM observations were highly used.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

High Fidelity Computational Model for Fluidized Bed Experiments (Final Report)

MFiX was integrated with preconditioners and linear solver packages in Trilinos via MFIX, Fortran, C, and C++ wrappers. The MFIX wrapper interpreted the structure of the matrix and vector from MFiX while the Fortran wrapper transfers this information to a low-level language, C. C-wrapper transforms the memory semantic between Fortran and C++ language. C++ wrapper passes the matrix and vector to a Trilinos package and gets the solution. This solution was transferred to MFiX via C++, C, Fortran, MFIX wrapper. The framework is used to integrate first, second and third generation linear solvers in Trilinos with MFiX.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Optical Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Quantum Wells and Quantum Dots (Final Report)

The goal of this program was to implement optical 2-dimensional coherent spectroscopy and apply it to electronic excitations, including excitons, in semiconductors. Specif ically of interest were epitaxially grown quantum wells that exhibit disorder due to well width fluctuations and quantum dots. In both cases, 2-D spectroscopy provided information regarding coupling among excitonic localization sites. In the first year of the project, a significant fraction of our progress was on quantum wells, rather than quantum dots, which have been more our focus in recent years. The two main results were 1) providing an understanding of the polarization dependence of the homogeneous linewidth in quantum wells based on using an anharmonic boson model, and 2) using multidimensional spectroscopy to observe spectral diffusion due to exciton migration amongst within localized states due to disorder.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Proactive Data Containers for Scientific Storage (Final Report)

Emerging HPC systems are expected to be deployed with an unprecedented level of complexity, due to a deep system memory/storage hierarchy and heterogeneity of the storage hardware. This hierarchy is expected to range from CPU cache through several levels of volatile memory to nonvolatile memory, traditional hard disks, and tape. Simple and efficient methods of data management and movement through this hierarchy is critical for scientific applications using exascale systems. Existing storage system and I/O (SSIO) technologies face severe challenges in dealing with these requirements. POSIX and MPI I/O standards that are the basis for existing I/O libraries and parallel file systems present fundamental challenges in the areas of scalable metadata operations, semantics-based data movement performance tuning, asynchronous operation, and support for scalable consistency of distributed operations. Moving toward new paradigms for SSIO in the extreme-scale era, we have proposed to investigate novel object-based data abstractions and storage mechanisms that take advantage of the deep storage hierarchy and enable proactive automated performance tuning. In order to achieve these overarching goals, we initiated an effort to develop a fundamental new data abstraction, called Proactive Data Containers (PDC). A PDC is a container within a locus of storage (memory, NVRAM, disk, etc.) that stores science data in an object-centric manner. Managing data as objects enables powerful optimization opportunities for data movement and transformations. The R&D focus of this project are: 1) formulation of object-oriented PDCs and their mapping in different levels of the exascale storage hierarchy; 2) efficient strategies for moving data in deep storage hierarchies using PDCs; 3) techniques for transforming and reorganizing data based on application requirements; and 4) novel analysis paradigms for enabling data transformations and user-defined analysis on data in PDCs. Toward achieving these overarching goals, we designed an object-centric application programing interface (API) for HPC, scalable metadata management for object-centric storage systems, and data movement optimizations such as Data Elevator for moving data between two levels of storage devices and TAPIOCA for efficient aggregation of data on compute nodes. We then implemented several components of the PDC system. They include metadata management, data placement services, remote procedure calls, data aggregation, etc. We have put them together into the overall PDC framework.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Deformation Mechanisms at Grain Boundaries in Polycrystals (Final Report)

Despite its significance in polycrystalline materials, there have been few experimental investigations of the activity of grain boundary sliding (GBS) and the relationship between GBS and slip transmission at grain boundaries. This work addressed this knowledge gap by an experimental and analytical investigation into the interactions between grain boundary sliding (GBS) and slip transmission plastic deformation mechanisms, and how these are impacted by local microstructure. Polycrystalline columnar aluminum of 99.99% purity was examined as a highly modellable system for characterizing grain boundary-local deformation mechanism interaction. High-resolution, large field-of-view strain fields and grain orientation information were captured and statistically analyzed to identify deformation activity with respect to the local microstructure, using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and digital image correlation (SEM-DIC) with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Alignment between the lower-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data and the higher-resolution strain fields was significantly improved by clustering of strain data within an EBSD-defined boundary mantle. Although this work specifically focuses on characterizing the relationship between grain boundary sliding (GBS) and slip transmission, the developed experimental approach, multimodal data alignment process, and automated displacement discontinuity measurement process can be used to study a variety of mechanism interactions across a broad range of materials. Regarding GBS and slip transmission interaction, significant findings include that (1) grain boundaries that slide easily do not facilitate slip transmission; (2) substantial gradients in GBS magnitude could be found along the length of individual grain boundaries, and these were caused by strain discontinuities across the boundary related to deformation anisotropy between adjacent grains; (3) direct transmission and GBS were anti-compatible and facilitated by opposing boundary types (low misorientation and high energy grain boundaries respectively); (4) increased GBS activity was correlated with decreased indirect transmission behavior; (5) GBS accommodation at triple junctions was enabled by intragranular plasticity; and (6) the local intragranular plastic strain discontinuity between grains determined the magnitude of GBS gradients. The experimental strain fields were compared to that of a tangent crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) model developed by collaborators (Mr. Ajey Venkataraman and Professor Michael Sangid, Purdue University). Implication of this work for improving CPFE models and deformation prediction are discussed. This work provides insight into the nature of these mechanisms and can be used to identify strain transfer criteria that can lead to improved GBS-sensitive crystal plasticity models.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

WPEC Subgroup-38 Final Report part II: Specifications for a new database structure

This is the revision of the specifications for the Generalised Nuclear Database Structure (GNDS), corresponding to GNDS version 1.9. GNDS is designed to serve as a replacement for the Evaluated Nuclear Data Format (ENDF). Although GNDS supersedes the ENDF6 format, GNDS should be viewed as a natural evolution of the ENDF-6 format, using modern computational tools to make nuclear data more accessible.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Getting all the Light Out: Eliminating Plasmon Losses in High Efficiency (Final Report)

In this program we demonstrated three cost-effective and practical means for extracting light from an organic light emitting diode (OLED) based lighting fixture. Conventional OLEDs emit only 20% of the light produced in their active regions due to light trapping and losses of the light incident on metal contacts. Our methods for light extraction, that eliminate both of these substantial losses, include placement of a grid-mirror at the substrate side of top-emitting OLEDs, using an ultralow cost diffusing surface at the substrate side of top-emitting OLEDs, and employing high index of refraction sub-electrode microlens arrays (SEMLA). All of these methods result in light emission that is wavelength and viewing angle independent, does not interfere with the OLED structure itself, and is of potentially low cost. By combining the SEMLA solution with substrate outcoupling such as microlens arrays or index matching fluid, up to 70% of the light can be extracted from the OLEDs, thus meeting all of the program objectives. Furthermore, the solutions have been transferred to the industrial sector where efforts at commercialization are underway with the continued involvement of the inventors.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Arctic Cloud Microphysical Processes. Final report

The primary goal of our team’s effort under this grant was to quantify Arctic lower-troposphere processes by tying data from the large suite of NSA instruments to modeling efforts indirectly through data assimilation and directly through remote sensing and cloud modeling efforts. We maintained a distinct focus on how the ARM measurements may be used evaluate model simulations and/or physical processes. We will separate this report into two distinct sections: our data assimilation effort and the use of NSA instruments to improve our understanding and modeling of model physics to better characterize the critical surface energy budget in polar regimes.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Energetic particle transport in 3D equilibrium. Final report

In this project, we have further developed the state-of-the-art fusion simulation code, gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC), for studying the energetic particle (EP) transport in the 3D equilibrium. We have applied the new capabilities to simulate the EP transport by the Alfven eigenmodes in stellarators and by 3D magnetic islands in tokamaks. As part of V&V efforts for 3D capability, the 3D capabilities of GTC have been applied to study thermal transport in stellarators and tokamak with 3D magnetic fields by microturbulence, which could cause additional EP loss. Effects magnetic islands on neoclassical bootstrap current have also been studied. The computational capability developed and physics learned in this project are in support of fusion SciDAC Center for Integrated Simulation of Energetic Particles in Burning Plasmas (ISEP). During this project, the PI has supervised 6 postdoctoral researchers and 4 PhD students at the University of California, Irvine. A complete list of 49 publications and 23 invited talks partially supported by this grant since 7/2015 appears at the end of this report. Five key publications closely related to this project are highlighted in this report.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗