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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Structural and magnetic properties of quasi-one-dimensional doped LiCuVO{sub 4}

The Neutron diffraction, X-ray photoemission and Magnetic properties of Zn, Co and Mn-doped LiCuVO{sub 4} were investigated. Both with Zn and Co doping the antiferromagnetic correlation increase. On the other hand Mn-doping induces the short range ferromagnetic ordering. Neutron diffraction study does not show any phase transition down to 5 K i.e., there is no indication of long range magnetic ordering. Neutron diffraction study also indicates that with Zn, Co and Mn doping the V–O lengths are changed. Maximum change in the V–O distances is observed for Mn-doped sample. On the other hand, X-ray photoemission spectroscopic data indicates Mn doping converts some Cu{sup 2+} ions into Cu{sup 3+} ions. - Graphical abstract: LiCuVO{sub 4} is a quasi-one-dimensional spin magnet. It shows antiferromagnetic ordering. It is observed when Mn is doped in the Cu site of LiCuVO{sub 4} a short range ferromagnetic ordering occurs. - Highlights: • LiCuVO{sub 4} is an one-dimensional spin chain system. • Mn ion is doped in Cu site to induce ferromagnetism. • Doping of Mn ion changes the Cu–O–Cu bond angle which in effect induces ferromagnetism.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic fields and fluctuations in weakly Mn doped ZnGeP{sub 2}

We report on our measurements of local and bulk magnetic features in weakly Mn doped ZnGeP{sub 2}. Utilizing muon spin rotation and relaxation measurements, we identify local ferromagnetic order and fluctuations in the local fields as sampled by an implanted muon (μ{sup +}). We also report on field induced ferromagnetism occurring above the claimed paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition temperature (T{sub c} = 312 K)

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Hierarchical cobalt-formate framework series with (4{sup 12}⋅6{sup 3})(4{sup 9}⋅6{sup 6}){sub n} (n = 1–3) topologies exhibiting slow dielectric relaxation and weak ferromagnetism

The employment of linear di-, tri-, and tetra-ammoniums has generated a hierarchy in the binodal (4{sup 12}⋅6{sup 3})(4{sup 9}⋅6{sup 6}){sub n} topologies with n = 1, 2, and 3, respectively, for the cobalt formate frameworks with increasing length of the cavities to match the ammoniums. This indicates the length-directing effect of the polyammoniums. The dynamic movements of polyammoniums between favored sites or orientations within the cavities lead to slow dielectric relaxations. All materials are spin-canted antiferromagnets in low temperatures and show reduced spontaneous magnetizations from di- and tri-, to tetra-ammoniums, because of the increased number of unique Co ions or the antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi{sub 0.825}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3}, and Bi{sub 0.725}La{sub 0.1}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3} multiferroics

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Samples synthesized by solid state reaction route successfully. • La and Pb substitutions significantly change the BiFeO{sub 3} crystal symmetry. • The presence of E(TO9) and E(LO9) modes indicates ferroelectric domain of BiFeO{sub 3}. • Doped ions and crystal structure affect the dielectric properties of the samples. • The observed value of conductivity for BPFO sample is 3.1 × 10{sup −9} σ{sup −1} cm{sup −1}. - Abstract: Single-phase BiFeO{sub 3}, Bi{sub 0.825}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3} and Bi{sub 0.725}La{sub 0.1}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3} ceramic samples were prepared via solid state reaction route to study the effects of co-doping (La/Pb) on their crystal structure and ferroelectromagnetic behaviour. X-ray diffraction data accompanied by Rietveld refinement showed that BiFeO{sub 3} crystallize in rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure (space group-R3c) while to that BPFO and BLPFO crystallize in tetragonal (P4/mmm) symmetry. Presence of E(TO9) and E(LO9) modes in Raman scattering spectra for BiFeO{sub 3} and Bi{sub 0.725}La{sub 0.1}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3} infers ferroelectric nature. However, absence of both modes in Bi{sub 0.875}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3} indicates the paraelectric nature. The room temperature dielectric constant (10 Hz–1 MHz) of BiFeO{sub 3}, Bi{sub 0.825}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3} and Bi{sub 0.725}La{sub 0.1}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3} is about 100, 60, and 200. Ferroelectromagnetic measurements revealed the existence of ferroelectricity with remnant polarization of 0.24 μC/cm{sup 2} in Bi{sub 0.725}La{sub 0.1}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3}, paraelectricity in Bi{sub 0.875}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3}, and weak (strong) ferromagnetism with remnant magnetizations of 0.25 (1.57) emu/g in Bi{sub 0.725}La{sub 0.1}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3} (Bi{sub 0.825}Pb{sub 0.175}FeO{sub 3})

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Structure and magnetic properties of chromium doped cobalt molybdenum nitrides

Four nanocomposites containing mixed phases of Co{sub 3}Mo{sub 3}N and Co{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}N doped with chromium have been prepared. A linear fit is found for relation between Co{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}N and chromium concentrations. The magnetization in ZFC and FC modes at different temperatures (2–300 K) and in applied magnetic fields (up to 70 kOe) have been investigated. It has been detected that many magnetic characteristics of the studied four nanocomposites correlate not with the chromium concentration but with nanocrystallite sizes. The obtained results were interpreted in terms of magnetic core-shell model of a nanoparticle involving paramagnetic core with two magnetic sublattices and a ferromagnetic shell related to chromium doping. - Highlights: • A new chromium doped mixed Co-Mn-N nanocomposites were synthesized. • Surface ferromagnetism was detected in a wide temperature range. • Core-shell model was applied to explain nanocomposites magnetism.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Room temperature magnetic ordering and analysis by bound magnetic polaron model of Yb3+ doped nanocrystalline zinc oxide (Zn0.98Yb0.02O)

Highlights: • ZnO and Yb doped ZnO are synthesized by co-precipitation method. • Rietvelt anlysis of XRD patterns confirms the complete substitution of Yb{sup 3+} in ZnO. • Vacancy and defect mediated RTFM is introduced in doped ZnO. • BMP model successfully analyze the magnetic property of Zn{sub 0.98}Yb{sub 0.02}O. - Abstract: Nanocrystalline ZnO and Yb-doped ZnO (Zn{sub 0.98}Yb{sub 0.02}O) are prepared by simple co-precipitation method. The pure crystallographic phases of ZnO and Zn{sub 0.98}Yb{sub 0.02}O are confirmed by Rietveld analyses of XRD patterns. Raman and photoluminescence spectra recorded at room temperature (RT) indicates that lattice defects and oxygen vacancy in Zn{sub 0.98}Yb{sub 0.02}O is more than that of ZnO. Magnetic measurements of ZnO and Zn{sub 0.98}Yb{sub 0.02}O are carried out from 300 to 5 K. Ferromagnetic ordering is observed in Zn{sub 0.98}Yb{sub 0.02}O at RT and the strength of the ordering increases with the lowering of temperature. Ferromagnetism of Zn{sub 0.98}Yb{sub 0.02}O is attributed to the oxygen vacancy introduced by annealing in vacuum. Magnetization vs. temperature curve is well fitted by the combination of 3D spin wave and Curie-Weiss law, which suggest simultaneous presence of para- and ferro-magnetic phases in Zn{sub 0.98}Yb{sub 0.02}O. Ferromagnetic ordering is successfully explained by vacancy mediated bound-magnetic polaron model.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Ferromagnetism in (X, Y)-Codoped 4H-GaN Polytype X = Na and Mg, Y = Na and Mg: Ab Initio Study

In this work, the magnetic behavior of 4H-GaN polytype codoped with (X = Na and Mg, Y = Na and Mg) is studied by means of first-principle calculations based on spin-density functional theory within the generalized-gradient approximation. It is found that the most stable configuration reveals the smallest cohesion energy and the X–Y bond length is minimal. (X, Y )-codoped 4H-GaN reveals magnetism behavior, and the total magnetic moment comes mainly from the N host atoms. Interestingly, (Na, Na)-codoped 4H-GaN is found to be half-metallic ferromagnetic with a magnetic moment of 4 μ{sub B}. Results show also that (Mg, Na)- and (Na, Mg)-codoped 4H-GaN are found to be nearly half-metallic ferromagnetic with a magnetic moment of 2.96 and 2.97 μ{sub B}, respectively. Whereas (Mg, Mg)-codoped 4H-GaN have a metallic ferromagnetic behavior with a magnetic moment of 1.87 μ{sub B}. The partial density of states denotes that magnetism is achieved through a p-p-like coupling between the impurity X-2p states of X atom, Y-2p states of Y atom, and N-2p states of N host atoms. These theoretical results make Na–Na-codoped 4H-GaN very promising materials for spintronic technology.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic Behaviors of 3d Transition Metal-Doped Silicane: a First-Principle Study

We perform a first-principle computation on the magnetic properties of 3d transition metal (TM)-doped silicane. All the substituted systems are energetically stable. Robust half-metallic properties are found in Ti-, V- and Mn-substituted silicane. At the dopant concentration of 12.5%, we evaluate that the Curie temperature of Ti- and Mn-substituted silicane is at 340 and 666 K respectively in the mean-field approximation. Consequently, room-temperature ferromagnetism is easily achievable in Ti- and Mn-substituted silicane. Our work demonstrates potential application of Ti and Mn-substituted silicane for room-temperature spintronic devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Site preference and compensation behavior in Co(Cr, Mn){sub 2}O{sub 4} system

Site preference of doped Mn ions in CoCr{sub 2−x}Mn{sub x}O{sub 4} (x = 0–2) series has been derived separately from structure and magnetic measurement. It shows that parts of the doped Mn ions occupy the A (Co) sites when x < 0.5. And then, it takes the two B (Cr) sites in turn before and after x = 1.3. This site preference behavior results in a role conversion of the magnetic contributors and, thus, leads to the composition dependent magnetic compensation. Temperature induced compensation and negative magnetization have also been found in several samples, which is attributed to the large energy barrier between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin arrangement. A structure transition from cubic to tetragonal symmetry has been detected.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Efficient charge to spin conversion in iridium oxide thin films

Many 5d transition metal oxides have a unique electronic structure, where the density of states near the Fermi level is dominated by only 5d electrons with strong spin–orbit coupling. IrO 2 , a Dirac nodal line semi-metal, is the simplest of these oxides. The presence of 5d electrons and gap opening of Dirac nodal lines via strong spin–orbit coupling allows for the hybridization of the 5d electrons of the oxide with the itinerant d electrons of a ferromagnet, while simultaneously increasing the intrinsic spin Hall effect. We report large charge-to-spin conversion in thin films of this material using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance experiments. Finally, by independently performing line shape analysis and linewidth modulation experiments, we conclusively determine the spin Hall angle of optimized IrO 2 films to be ∼8 times larger than that of Pt.

Ferromagnetic materials↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effects of Oxygen Vacancy on the Magnetic Properties of Ni-Doped SnO{sub 2} Nanoparticles

We studied the ferromagnetism of Ni-doped SnO{sub 2} with and without oxygen vacancy (V{sub O}) by experiments and calculations. Sn{sub 0.96}Ni{sub 0.04}O{sub 2} nanocrystalline powder prepared by the sol-gel method exhibits room-temperature ferromagnetism, and the vacuum annealing reduces its saturation magnetizations. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the doped Ni atom can introduce a local magnetic moment of about 2.0 μ{sub B} in SnO{sub 2} (110) surface, which is ascribed to the spin-polarization of Ni 3d and O 2p electrons. The type of preferential magnetic coupling of Ni-doped SnO{sub 2} (110) surface depends upon the distributions of Ni dopants, and ferromagnetic coupling is more favorable in most cases. Introduction of V{sub O} obviously weakens the ferromagnetic interaction of Ni-doped SnO{sub 2} (110) surface, which can give a reasonable explanation for our experimental observations.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Fe Substitution on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 2} Nanoparticles

Fe-substituted NiO nanoparticles (Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 2}) (x= 0.00, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09) were synthesised using ball-milling method followed by vacuum sintering and studied for their microstructural and magnetic properties. All the samples show a cubic structure with a crystallite size of 17–26 nm. Secondary phases related to Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} were identified from XRD, indicating that the observed ferromagnetism may be due to the dopants. The doping of Fe ions does not cause any significant variation in the crystal structure. The pure NiO nanoparticles were weak ferromagnetic in nature, and Fe-doped NiO nanoparticles exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism. The strength of magnetization increased from 0.57 to 0.94 emu/g with an increase of Fe concentration from 3 to 7 at.%, respectively. A high coercive field of 173 Oe was observed for the Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 2} nanoparticles at x= 0.09. The results and the process of development of ferromagnetism at room temperature in the Ni{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 2} nanoparticles were presented and discussed in detail.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Epitaxial Stabilization of Single-Crystal Multiferroic YCrO 3 Thin Films

We report on the growth of stoichiometric, single-crystal YCrO 3 epitaxial thin films on (001) SrTiO 3 substrates using pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy reveal that the films grew in a layer-by-layer fashion with excellent crystallinity and atomically smooth surfaces. Magnetization measurements demonstrate that the material is ferromagnetic below 144 K. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity shows a characteristic relaxor-ferroelectric behavior at T C = 375–408 K. A dielectric anomaly at the magnetic transition temperature indicates a close correlation between magnetic and electric order parameters in these multiferroic YCrO 3 films. These findings provide guidance to synthesize rare-earth, chromite-based multifunctional heterostructures and build a foundation for future studies on the understanding of magnetoelectric effects in similar material systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Ferromagnetic resonance in a single crystal of iron borate and magnetic field tuning of hybrid oscillations in a composite structure with a dielectric: Experiment and theory

The high-frequency properties of a composite resonator comprised single crystal iron borate (FeBO{sub 3}), a canted antiferromagnet with a weak ferromagnetic moment, and a polycrystalline dielectric were investigated at 9–10 GHz. Ferromagnetic resonance in this frequency range was observed in FeBO{sub 3} for bias magnetic fields of ∼250 Oe. In the composite resonator, the magnetic mode in iron borate and dielectric mode are found to hybridize strongly. It is shown that the hybrid mode can be tuned with a static magnetic field. Our studies indicate that coupling between the magnetic mode and the dielectric resonance can be altered from maximum hybridization to a minimum by adjusting the position of resonator inside the waveguide. Magnetic field tuning of the resonance frequency by a maximum of 145 MHz and a change in the transmitted microwave power by as much as 16 dB have been observed for a bias field of 250 Oe. A model is discussed for the magnetic field tuning of the composite resonator and theoretical estimates are in reasonable agreement with the data. The composite resonator with a weak ferromagnet and a dielectric is of interest for application in frequency agile devices with electronically tunable electrodynamic characteristics for the mm and sub-mm wave bands.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Growth of ZnO thin films doped with (Mn & Co) by spin coating technique

ZnO thin films co-doped with Mn and Co have been deposited on glass substrates by spin coating technique. Structural, optical and magnetic properties have been investigated as a function of dopant concentration. X-ray diffraction has confirmed the growth of c-axis oriented polycrystalline thin films. No impurity phases have been detected corresponding to metal oxides within the limitation of x-ray diffraction. The optical bandgap has been evaluated from tauc’s plots derived from the transmittance spectra in the wavelength range 350-900 nm. Surface morphology of the films has been observed by field emission scanning electron microscope. The field dependence of magnetization (M-H curve) measured by vibrating sample magnetometer shows the ferromagnetic behavior of the films at room temperature. The magnetization versus temperature (M-T) curve has also been measured under zero field cooled and field cooled conditions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Investigation to the Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Synthesized Ni-Doped Anatase Nanoparticles: Essential Role of Treatment in Hydrogen on Long-Range Ferromagnetic Order

Nanocomposite powders of anatase TiO{sub 2} doped with Ni ions (TiO{sub 2}:Ni) were synthesized by facile thermal co-decomposition of a mixture of metals complexes. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses using the Rietveld method confirm the formation of almost single nanocrystalline anatase structure. Anatase TiO{sub 2} incorporated with Ni ions (TiO{sub 2}:Ni) illustrated the formation of a substitutional solid solutions (SSS). The diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) method used to study the optical properties of the prepared samples revealed a redshift associated with Ni doping and hydrogenation, which is explained by the creation of point defects including O-vacancies. This study showed the essential importance of hydrogenation process in order to create or boost room-temperature ferromagnetism (RT-FM). The magnetic measurements indicated that anatase TiO{sub 2} doped with 4.8 mol% Ni produce a magnetic saturation of 0.84 emu/g, which is a remarkable result compared with that related to the similar studies on doped TiO{sub 2}.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Patterning-Induced Ferromagnetism of Fe 3 GeTe 2 van der Waals Materials beyond Room Temperature

Magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials have emerged as promising candidates for spintronics applications, especially after the recent discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in monolayer vdW materials. There has been a critical need for tunable ferromagnetic vdW materials beyond room temperature. Here, we report a real-space imaging study of itinerant ferromagnet Fe 3 GeTe 2 and the enhancement of its Curie temperature well above ambient temperature. We find that the magnetic long-range order in Fe 3 GeTe 2 is characterized by an unconventional out-of-plane stripe-domain phase. In Fe 3 GeTe 2 microstructures patterned by a focused ion beam, the out-of-plane stripe domain phase undergoes a surprising transition at 230 K to an in-plane vortex phase that persists beyond room temperature. Finally, the discovery of tunable ferromagnetism in Fe 3 GeTe 2 materials opens up vast opportunities for utilizing vdW magnets in room-temperature spintronics devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Multiferroism in hydrothermally prepared Ce:BaTiO{sub 3} nanoparticles

Hydrothermally synthesized bare and cerium (Ce) doped BaTiO{sub 3} nanoparticles show tetragonal phase. The decrease of crystallite size (85-32 nm) and tetragonality (1.0026-1.0016) is observed by the addition Ce. FESEM reveals the uniformly segregated spherical particles. The red shift in the absorption peak and the decreased optical bandgap (3.07-2.71 eV) are indentified with Ce concentration. Ferromagnetism is observed in Ce doped sample with Ms – 5.293×10{sup −3} emu/g. Room temperature ferroelectric measurement indicates the maximum saturation polarization (2. 00 µC/cm{sup 2}) for bare sample at the driven field 4 kV.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗