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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Experimental setup combining in situ hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and real-time surface X-ray diffraction for characterizing atomic and electronic structure evolution during complex oxide heterostructure growth

We describe the next-generation system for in situ characterization of a complex oxide thin film and heterostructure growth by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using synchrotron hard X-rays. The system consists of a PLD chamber mounted on a diffractometer allowing both real-time surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and in situ hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). HAXPES is performed in the incident X-ray energy range from 4 to 12 keV using a Scienta EW4000 electron energy analyzer mounted on the PLD chamber fixed parallel with the surface normal. In addition to the standard application mode of HAXPES for disentangling surface from bulk properties, the increased penetration depth of high energy photoelectrons is used for investigation of the electronic structure changes through thin films grown deliberately as variable thickness capping layers. Such heterostructures represent model systems for investigating a variety of critical thickness and dead layer phenomena observed at complex oxide interfaces. In this new mode of operation, in situ HAXPES is used to determine the electronic structure associated with unique structural features identified by real-time SXRD during thin film growth. The system is configured for using both laboratory excitation sources off-line and on-line operation at beamline 33-ID-D at the Advanced Photon Source. We illustrate the performance of the system by preliminary scattering and spectroscopic data on oxygen vacancy ordering induced perovskite-to-brownmillerite reversible phase transformation in La 2/3 Sr 1/3 MnO 3 films capped with oxygen deficient SrTiO 3–δ (100) layers of varying thickness.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Experimental and theoretical examination of shock-compressed copper through the fcc to bcc to melt phase transitions

Recent studies show a face-centered cubic (fcc) to body-centered cubic (bcc) transformation along the shock Hugoniot for several metals (i.e., Cu, Au, and Ag). Here, we combine laser-shock compression of Cu foils on nanosecond timescales with in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) to examine the microstructural changes with stress. We study the fcc phase and the phase transition from fcc to bcc (pressures greater than 180 GPa). Textural analysis of the azimuthal intensities from the XRD images is consistent with transformation into the bcc phase through the Pitsch-distortion mechanism. We use embedded atom model molecular dynamics simulations to determine the stability of the bcc phase in pressure–temperature space. Finally, our results indicate that the bcc phase is stabilized only at high temperatures and remains stable at pressures greater than 500 GPa.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Experimental limits on primordial black hole dark matter from the first 2 yr of Kepler data

We present our analysis on new limits of the dark matter (DM) halo consisting of primordial black holes (PBHs) or massive compact halo objects. We present a search of the first two yr of publicly available Kepler mission data for potential signatures of gravitational microlensing caused by these objects as well as an extensive analysis of the astrophysical sources of background error. These include variable stars, flare events, and comets or asteroids that are moving through the Kepler field. We discuss the potential of detecting comets using the Kepler light curves, presenting measurements of two known comets and one unidentified object, most likely an asteroid or comet. After removing the background events with statistical cuts, we find no microlensing candidates. We therefore present our Monte Carlo efficiency calculation in order to constrain the PBH DM with masses in the range of 2 × 10{sup –9} M {sub ☉} to 10{sup –7} M {sub ☉}. We find that PBHs in this mass range cannot make up the entirety of the DM, thus closing a full order of magnitude in the allowed mass range for PBH DM.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Validation of the thermal transport model used for ITER startup scenario predictions with DIII-D experimental data

We are exploring characteristics of ITER startup scenarios in similarity experiments conducted on the DIII-D Tokamak. In these experiments, we have validated scenarios for the ITER current ramp up to full current and developed methods to control the plasma parameters to achieve stability. Predictive simulations of ITER startup using 2D free-boundary equilibrium and 1D transport codes rely on accurate estimates of the electron and ion temperature profiles that determine the electrical conductivity and pressure profiles during the current rise. Here we present results of validation studies that apply the transport model used by the ITER team to DIII-D discharge evolution and comparisons with data from our similarity experiments.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Experimental search for hidden photon CDM in the eV mass range with a dish antenna

A search for hidden photon cold dark matter (HP CDM) using a new technique with a dish antenna is reported. From the result of the measurement, we found no evidence for the existence of HP CDM and set an upper limit on the photon-HP mixing parameter χ of ∼6×10{sup −12} for the hidden photon mass m{sub γ}=3.1±1.2 eV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Theoretical and experimental studies of compression and shear deformation behavior of Osmium to 280 GPa

Abstract The compression behavior of osmium metal was investigated up to 280 GPa (volume compression V/V o = 0.725) under nonhydrostatic conditions at ambient temperature using angle dispersive axial x-ray diffraction (A-XRD) with a diamond anvil cell (DAC). In addition, shear strength of osmium was measured to 170 GPa using radial x-ray diffraction (R-XRD) technique in DAC. Both diffraction techniques in DAC employed platinum as an internal pressure standard. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also performed, and the computed lattice parameters and volumes under compression are in good agreement with the experiments. DFT predicts a monotonous increase in axial ratio ( c/a ) with pressure and the structural anomalies of less than 1% in ( c/a ) ratio reported below 150 GPa were not reproduced in theoretical calculations and hydrostatic measurements. The measured value of shear strength of osmium ( τ ) approaches a limiting value of 6 GPa above a pressure of 50 GPa in contrast to theoretical predictions of 24 GPa and is likely due to imperfections in polycrystalline samples. DFT calculations also enable the studies of shear and tensile deformations. The theoretical ideal shear stress is found along the (001)[1–10] shear direction with the maximal shear stress ∼24 GPa at critical strain ∼0.13.

Lin, Chia-Min↗
DOE OSTI2015

Experimental observation of incoherent-coherent crossover and orbital-dependent band renormalization in iron chalcogenide superconductors

The level of electronic correlation has been one of the key questions in understanding the nature of superconductivity. Among the iron-based superconductors, the iron chalcogenide family exhibits the strongest electron correlations. To gauge the correlation strength, we performed a systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study on the iron chalcogenide series Fe 1+y Se x Te 1-x (0 < x < 0.59), a model system with the simplest structure. Our measurement reveals an incoherent-to-coherent crossover in the electronic structure as the selenium ratio increases and the system evolves from a weakly localized to a more itinerant state. Furthermore, we found that the effective mass of bands dominated by the d xy orbital character significantly decreases with increasing selenium ratio, as compared to the d xz /d yz orbital-dominated bands. The orbital-dependent change in the correlation level agrees with theoretical calculations on the band structure renormalization, and may help to understand the onset of superconductivity in Fe 1+y Se x Te 1-x .

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Experimental assignment of many-electron excitations in the photoionization of NiO

The absorption of a photon and the emission of an electron is not a simple, two-particle process. The complicated many-electron features observed during core photoionization can therefore reveal many of the hidden secrets about the ground and excited-state electronic structures of a material. Careful analysis of the photon-energy dependence of the Ni KLL Auger deexcitation spectra at and above the Ni 1s photoionization threshold has identified the satellite structure that appears in both the photoelectron emission and the x-ray absorption spectra of NiO as Ni metal 3d e g → Ni metal 3d e g and O ligand 2p e g → Ni metal 3d e g charge-transfer excitations, respectively. These assignments clarify the conflicting theoretical predictions of the last five decades in addition to other anomalous effects in the spectroscopy of this unique material.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Experimental studies of di-jet survival and surface emission bias in Au+Au collisions via angular correlations with respect to back-to-back leading hadrons

We report first results from an analysis based on a new multi-hadron correlation technique, exploring jet-medium interactions and di-jet surface emission bias at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Pairs of back-to-back high-transverse-momentum hadrons are used for triggers to study associated hadron distributions. In contrast with two- and three-particle correlations with a single trigger with similar kinematic selections, the associated hadron distribution of both trigger sides reveals no modification in either relative pseudorapidity {Delta}{eta} or relative azimuthal angle {Delta}{phi} from d+Au to central Au+Au collisions. We determine associated hadron yields and spectra as well as production rates for such correlated back-to-back triggers to gain additional insights on medium properties.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗