Identification of agricultural crops by computer processing of ERTS-MSS data
Identification of agricultural crops in Dekalb, Ogle, and Lee counties in Illinois by computer processing of ERTS-1 MSS data
Bauer, M. E.↗
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Identification and mapping of soils, vegetation and water resources by computer analysis of ERTS MSS data
Identification and mapping of soils, vegetation, and water resources in Lynn County, Texas by computer analysis of ERTS-1 MSS data
Baumgardner, M. F.↗
Mapping of Agricultural Land Use from ERTS-1 Digital Data
Mapping of agricultural land use in Lancaster and Lebanon Counties, Pennsylvania from ERTS-1 digital data
Wilson, A. D.↗
Interdisciplinary applications and interpretations of ERTS data within the Susquehanna River Basin; resources inventory, land use and pollution
The author has identified the following significant results. Identification and mapping of three major kinds of coal refuse targets based on spectral signatures in channels four through seven of the ERTS-1 MSS were conducted. Correlation of the placement of the coal refuse targets with an existing map of their location was accomplished. Digital processing of ERTS-1 data permitted identification of stripped areas including ones that are not discernible by visual analysis of ERTS imagery. Combined visual and digital techniques of analyzing ERTS-1 data for geologic formations have been tried on selected areas of Pennsylvania. Mapping of two major agriculture counties to show land forms, drainage patterns, water, and urban areas were made using positive transparencies of MSS data. Two frames of the same central Pennsylvania area were brought into registration by translation and then merged even though the frames were obtained 71 days apart.
Mcmurtry, G. J.↗
Inventory of forest and rangeland and detection of forest stress
The author has identified the following significant results. Three small scales of CIR photography were interpreted to determine the number of bark beetle-killed trees detected in each of six spot size categories. A procedure was developed to predict the probability of detecting spots in each spot size category and in turn to estimate the number of infestations and dead trees even on the smallest scale. Statistical tests of the data indicated that the linear model did not fit the data and that other models should be tested. As a result of daily monitoring of Black Hills radiometric instruments it was possible to show the spectral energy relationships in the ponderosa pine ecosystems over time. These data have been helpful for comparison with radiance signatures extracted from ERTS-1 bulk 70mm using precision microdensitometry. Effects of atmospheric interference were shown by a 30 percent increase in scene radiance on channel 4 of the satellite imagery. A calibration and scaling technique was developed and tested to enable interpretation of ERTS-1 bulk and precision data for the Atlanta test site. The technique includes calibration of a photographic copy system for the I2S image combiner and the production of scaled overlays of grid coordinate systems, study area locations, and outline maps of county boundaries.
Heller, R. C.↗
Analysis of remote sensing data for evaluation of vegetation resources
Research has centered around: (1) completion of a study on the use of remote sensing techniques as an aid to multiple use management; (2) determination of the information transfer at various image resolution levels for wildland areas; and (3) determination of the value of small scale multiband, multidate photography for the analysis of vegetation resources. In addition, a substantial effort was made to upgrade the automatic image classification and spectral signature acquisition capabilities of the laboratory. It was found that: (1) Remote sensing techniques should be useful in multiple use management to provide a first-cut analysis of an area. (2) Imagery with 400-500 feet ground resolvable distance (GRD), such as that expected from ERTS-1, should allow discriminations to be made between woody vegetation, grassland, and water bodies with approximately 80% accuracy. (3) Barley and wheat acreages in Maricopa County, Arizona could be estimated with acceptable accuracies using small scale multiband, multidate photography. Sampling errors for acreages of wheat, barley, small grains (wheat and barley combined), and all cropland were 13%, 11%, 8% and 3% respectively.
Source record↗
Comparative evaluation of ERTS imagery for resource inventory in land use planning
The author has identified the following significant results. Numerous previously unmapped faults in central Oregon have been distinguished on ERTS-1 imagery. Tectonic mapping of fault-controlled linears demonstrates the utility of ERTS-1 imagery as a mean of illustrating and studying the regional tectonics of the state. Soil colors observed on ERTS-1 frame 1075-18150-5 at the eastern end of the Columbia basin correlate very well with those from descriptions of soils from that area. Digital output from frame 1021-18151 has shown the enhanced ability to interpret such features as joint patterns, shadowed landslide blocks, bottomlands, and drainage patterns. Widespread use of wheat-fallow rotation in northern Umatilla County, Oregon, insures that nearly one-half of the cultivated soil is devoid of vegetation much of the time. On ERTS-1 imagery, fallow fields are only slightly darker than fields of wheat stubble at the western end of the transect. Similar climate-related contrasts in soil color are visible on ERTS-1 Imagery from several other portions of the Columbia Basin. Absence of steep topography in the area mentioned, however, minimizes the disturbing effect caused by shadows.
Simonson, G. H.↗
Use of satellite imagery for wildland resource evaluation in the Great Basin
The author has identified the following significant results. Color composites and diazachrome transparencies of ERTS-1 imagery have greatly increased interpretation capabilities. Vegetation green-up and flooding due to late summer precipitation has been identified on such imagery. MSS imagery in all bands has not proven as valuable for similar determinations. Snow cover has been found to be valuable in the identification of fire scars, pinyon/juniper chainings, and subtle ecotones not previously identified with any other type of imagery. It is felt that a greater understanding of the effects of snow cover on vegetation remote sensing will enable investigators to extend capabilities relating to the mapping and identification of these resources. Highly reflective phreatophytic vegetation has been mapped and quantified using the MSS 5 and 7 bands and diazachrome color composites. Approximately 10 man-hours were required to complete the entire state. Native meadow and hay meadow vegetation has been mapped in Elko County, Nevada, using ERTS-1 imagery. Future plans include a statewide inventory of this resource.
Tueller, P. T.↗
Detection of small ponds on ERTS-1 imagery
The author has identified the following significant results. It has been determined that ponds within forested areas as small as one hectare (2.5 acres are detectable from the ERTS-1 data. This finding was made from the analysis of scene #1037-16244 on 29 August 1972 over the Sam Houston National Forest in Walker County, Texas. These ponds were identified on the 9 inch B/W transparencies magnified seven times in areas of contrast ratios in a range of 1:1.2 to 1:2.0.
Erb, R. B.↗
Seismicity and recent faulting in eastern California and western and central Nevada: A preliminary report
The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 imagery covering the eastern California-Nevada seismic belt were utilized to study the fault pattern in relation to the distribution of earthquake epicenters and Quaternary volcanic rocks. Many suspected faults not previously mapped were identified. These include several suspected shear zones in Nevada, faults showing evidence of recent breakage, and major lineaments. Highly seismic areas are generally characterized by Holocene faulting and Quaternary volcanic activity. However, several major fault segments showing evidence of recent breakage are associated with little or no seismicity. The tectonic pattern strongly suggests that the eastern California-Nevada seismic belt coincides with a major crustal rift associated with zones of lateral shear. New data on potentially active fault zones have direct practical applications in national and local earthquake hazard reduction programs. Positive contacts have been made with Kern and Ventura Counties to make results of this investigation available for application to their earthquake hazards definition projects.
Abdel-Gawad, M.↗
Multi-discipline resource inventory of soils, vegetation and geology
The author has identified the following significant results. Computer classification of natural vegetation, in the vicinity of Big Summit Prairie, Crook County, Oregon was carried out using MSS digital data. Impure training sets, representing eleven vegetation types plus water, were selected from within the area to be classified. Close correlations were visually observed between vegetation types mapped from the large scale photographs and the computer classification of the ERTS data (Frame 1021-18151, 13 August 1972).
Simonson, G. H.↗
Identification of winter wheat from ERTS-1 imagery
Continuing interpretation of the test area in Finney County, Kansas, has revealed that winter wheat can be successfully identified. This successful identification is based on human recognition of tonal signatures on MSS images. Several different but highly successful interpretation strategies have been employed. These strategies involve the use of both spectral and temporal inputs. Good results have been obtained from a single MSS-5 image acquired at a critical time in the crop cycle (planting). On a test sample of 54,612 acres, 89 percent of the acreage was correctly classified as wheat or non-wheat and the estimated wheat acreage (19,516 acres) was 99 percent of the actual acreage of wheat in the sample area.
Williams, D. L.↗
Testing the usefulness of ERTS-1 imagery for inventorying wildland resources in northern California
The usefulness of ERTS-1 imagery for inventorying wildland resources in northern California is discussed. Studies are being conducted in two large wildland areas, namely, the Feather River Watershed and the Northern Coastal Zone. The 2.5 million-acre Feather River headwaters area in northern California is the keystone watershed for the California Water Project, one of the most extensive and ambitious water resource developments ever attempted. Consequently, accurate and timely information on the quantity, quality and distribution of timber, forage, water and recreational resources is of immediate importance to each public agency and private group managing this vast, but inaccessible, wildland area. The Northern Coastal Zone (consisting of the counties of Marin, Sonoma, Mendicino, Humbolt and Del Norte) is relatively rural, with an economy based on agriculture, timber, commercial fishing and tourism. However, it is expected that intensive resource use resulting from increasing population will soon become a serious problem unless wise land use planning is undertaken. Thus, this coastal region is particularly well suited to investigations of the ways in which ERTS-1 imagery and other supporting data may be used in conducting land use evaluations.
Lauer, D. T.↗
Delineation of major soil associations using ERTS-1 imagery
The delineation of a major soil association in the loess region of Obion County has been accomplished using ERTS-1 imagery. Channel 7 provides the clearest differentiation. The separation of other smaller soil associations in an intensive row crop agricultural area is somewhat more difficult. Soil differentiation has been accomplished visually as well as electronically using a scanning microdensitometer. Lower altitude aircraft imagery permits a more refined soil association identification and where imagery is of sufficient scale, even individual soils may be identified.
Parks, W. L.↗
Agricultural applications of ERTS-1 data
In an attempt to evaluate the usefulness of ERTS imagery for the production of land use stratifications as a preliminary step in the crop inventory process, all land within San Joaquin County was delineated into broad land use and crop category classes based on their appearance on the ERTS-1 Color composite image. The stratification of the agricultural land use categories proved to be a relatively simple task, taking each of three interpreters approximately 30 minutes to complete. The three interpretations were quite similar requiring only minor revisions to produce a consensus stratification. A total of 13 different agricultural strata were recognized, differing both in general field size and relative proportions of crop types and degree of irrigation. Upon comparing these interpretations, it was concluded that nearly all boundaries were truly representative of differing cropping practices. In a number of cases, the stratifications agreed almost exactly with soil type boundaries as drawn by earlier soils surveys.
Draeger, W. C.↗
Lineaments in coastal plain sediments as seen in ERTS imagery
Examination of satellite imagery over the Atlantic Coastal Plain near Washington, D. C. shows numerous lineaments, which cannot be accounted for by any known cultural or natural features. At least some of these lineaments represent the surface expression of faults, for one of them has been correlated with the outcrop of a fault that had been traced for several miles in southern Prince Georges County, Maryland. If a substantial number of these lineaments do indeed represent fault traces, the fact that they show on the surface suggests that the geologic history of the Coastal Plain is much more complex than has previously been recognized, and that faulting may have occurred in the Holocene, much later than has generally been recognized. The importance that such recent movements could have on future development of the Coastal Plain should be emphasized.
Withington, C. F.↗
Land use investigations in the central valley and central coastal test sites, California
The Geography Remote Sensing Unit (GRSU) at the University of California, Santa Barbara is responsible for investigations with ERTS-1 data in the Central Coastal Zone and West Side of the San Joaquin Valley. The nature of investigative effort involves the inventory, monitoring, and assessment of the natural and cultural resources of the two areas. Land use, agriculture, vegetation, landforms, geology, and hydrology are the principal subjects for attention. These parameters are the key indicators of the dynamically changing character of the areas. Monitoring of these parameters with ERTS-1 data will provide the techniques and methodologies required to generate the information needed by federal, state, county, and local agencies to assess change-related phenomena and plan for management and development.
Estes, J. E.↗
Land resources survey for the state of Michigan
The usefulness of ERTS-1 satellite imagery as an information source for a statewide inventory of Michigan's land resources is documented. The project is currently relying on photointerpretation of MSS photography and computed processed results. The first task completed was a 1:500,000 scale land use map of the state in four classes: urban, forest, water, and agriculture and other. This map was constructed from existing (pre-ERTS-1) information sources including federal, state and county maps, and aerial photography. An ERTS color IR photomosaic for the entire state will also be constructed at a scale of 1:250,000. The Institute is currently working on tape processed data that will include both recognition data as well as a UTM coordinate addressing capability so that the final tape can be inputed directly into computerized land use and transportation corridor analysis models.
Sellman, B.↗