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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Data from: "Responses of alpine plant communities to climate warming"

The Alpine Treeline Warming Experiment (ATWE) was a common garden-climate manipulation experiment set up across an elevation gradient in Niwot Ridge, in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. The project sought to learn more about the effects of climate change on alpine and subalpine ecosystems, namely tree species ranges and alpine plant communities. Plots were experimentally manipulated using infrared heaters set up to warm plots to temperatures comparable to those projected for the year 2100. Other treatments include watering, and a combination of watering and heating. Three sites were set up at different elevations to study three tree species, with the highest-elevation “Alpine” site ( ~3540 m) containing twenty additional plots to study alpine plant communities. Data in this package originate from these unseeded alpine plots. To evaluate soil nitrogen availability given site treatments, resin bags were deployed, removed, and extracted annually to produce ammonium and nitrate/nitrite readings.--------------------------------------------------Data files within this archive are in comma-separated-values (.csv) and Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) formats. .csvs can be read and opened by Microsoft Excel, R, or any other simple text-editing software, and .xlsx files can be opened using Microsoft Excel. Geospatial data associated with this package are in .kml and ESRI shapefile (.shp) formats. .kml files can be read using Google Earth or Google Maps, and shapefiles can be read with any software compatible with the file type, such as QGIS or ESRI’s ArcMap suite.Data files in this package - excluding “Winkler_2019_ALPO_inorganic_N_allyears.csv” - are provided in both Microsoft Excel and .csv formats, for added accessibility and flexibility in workflows. File contents are identical.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

APS Science 2020 (Vol. 2)

The U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Photn Source (APS) is one of the world’s most productive x-ray light source facilities. Each year, the APS provides high-brightness x-ray beams to a diverse community of more than 5,000 researchers in materials science, chemistry, condensed matter physics, the life and environmental sciences, and applied research. Researchers using the APS produce over 2,000 publications each year detailing impactful discoveries, and solve more vital biological protein structures than users of any other x-ray light source research facility. APS x-rays are ideally suited for explorations of materials and biological structures; elemental distribution; chemical, magnetic, electronic states; and a wide range of technologically important engineering systems from batteries to fuel injector sprays, all of which are the foundations of our nation’s economic, technological, and physical well-being. The APS occupies an 80-acre site on the Argonne campus, about 25 miles from downtown Chicago, Illinois. It shares a site with the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Advanced Protein Characterization Facility.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2021

APS Science 2020 (Vol. 1)

The U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Photon Source (APS) is one of the world’s most productive x-ray light source facilities. Each year, the APS provides high-brightness x-ray beams to a diverse community of more than 5,000 researchers in materials science, chemistry, condensed matter physics, the life and environmental sciences, and applied research. Researchers using the APS produce over 2,000 publications each year detailing impactful discoveries, and solve more vital biological protein structures than users of any other x-ray light source research facility. APS x-rays are ideally suited for explorations of materials and biological structures; elemental distribution; chemical, magnetic, electronic states; and a wide range of technologically important engineering systems from batteries to fuel injector sprays, all of which are the foundations of our nation’s economic, technological, and physical well-being. The APS occupies an 80-acre site on the Argonne campus, about 25 miles from downtown Chicago, Illinois. It shares a site with the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Advanced Protein Characterization Facility.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Accelerating scientific discoveries through data-driven innovations

Developing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods that can accelerate scientific discoveries and advance science has become one of the important research directions for the AI/ML research community. It has been gaining increasing attention from researchers in diverse scientific areas, including biomedical science, materials science, climate science, physics, chemistry, and many others. Data-driven AI/ML innovations to enable reliable predictions and optimal decision making for scientific discoveries face several critical challenges, among which are high system complexity, large search space, incomplete knowledge, and small data, all of which demand novel strategies to effectively address them. Meeting these challenges and thereby accelerating scientific discoveries and industrial innovations, calls for research that can take full advantage of the latest advances in AI/ML to integrate data-driven techniques with scientific knowledge and is able to execute them in modern high-performance computing (HPC) environments at scale. This Patterns special collection "Accelerating scientific discoveries through data-driven innovations" features articles that showcase the promising roles of AI/ML and data-driven modeling in accelerating scientific discoveries and may inspire the next wave of data-driven innovations in various scientific domains.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Anomalous behavior in high-pressure carbonaceous sulfur hydride

A new experimental study reported behavior in a high-pressure carbon-sulfur-hydrogen system that has been interpreted by the authors as superconductivity at room temperature. The sudden change of electrical resistance at a critical temperature and the change of the R vs. T behavior with an applied magnetic field point to superconductivity. This is a very exciting study in one of the most important areas of science, hence, it is crucial for the community to investigate these findings and hopefully reproduce these results. In this paper, we present calculations that expand upon the arguments put forth, and offer some speculations about physical mechanisms that might explain the observed data. Here, we show that there are errors in the analysis presented in the experimental paper, and with the correct analysis, the reported R vs. T data significantly deviate from the expected behavior. In particular, the extremely sharp change in resistance at the superconducting transition is not consistent with a strongly type II superconductor.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantum phase transition from superconducting to insulating-like state in a pressurized cuprate superconductor

Copper oxide superconductors continue to fascinate the communities of condensed matter physics and material sciences because they host the highest ambient-pressure superconducting transition temperature and unconventional electronic behaviour that are not fully explained. Searching for universal links between the superconducting state and its normal metallic state is believed to be an effective approach to elucidate the underlying mechanism of superconductivity. One of the common expectations for copper oxide superconductors is that a metallic phase will appear after the superconductivity is entirely suppressed by chemical doping or the application of a magnetic field9. Here we report the first observation of a quantum phase transition from a superconducting state to an insulating-like state as a function of pressure in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ (Bi2212) superconductors with two CuO 2 planes in a unit cell for doping below, at and above a level that achieves the highest transition temperature. We also find the same phenomenon in related compounds with a single CuO 2 plane as well as three CuO 2 planes in a unit cell. This apparently universal phenomenon poses a challenge for achieving a unified understanding of the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Crystallization and assembly at interfaces: Celebrating the achievements of a vibrant research community

Crystallization is one of the cornerstones of modern materials science and engineering and plays a critical role in industries ranging from petroleum derivative manufacturing to microstructural engineering of structural materials and the defect-free growth of silicon single crystals for integrated chip technology. Also, in the realm of environmental and biological processes, the mineralization of diverse compounds has shaped the vast array of ecosystems we observe today. Conversely, understanding the crystallization and assembly of building blocks of various sizes at interfaces has broader impacts on materials synthesis, performance of energy storage devices, optimized processing conditions, and more.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Irradiated MURR LEU Fuel Plates

The University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR®) is a multi-disciplinary research and education facility providing a broad range of analytical, materials science, and irradiation services to the research community and the commercial sector. MURR is one of five U.S. high performance research reactors (USHPRR), plus one critical facility, actively collaborating with the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Material Management and Minimization (M 3 ) Reactor Conversion Program to convert from the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU, ≥ 20 wt% U 235) to low-enriched uranium (LEU, < 20 wt% U-235) fuel. All USHPRR, including MURR, completed designs with a new type of very high-density LEU fuel based on an alloy of uranium and 10-weight percent molybdenum (U-10Mo) for conversion to LEU fuel.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Preliminary Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Irradiated MURR LEU Fuel Element

The University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) is a multi-disciplinary research and education facility providing a broad range of analytical, materials science, and irradiation services to the research community and the commercial sector. MURR is one of five U.S. high performance research reactors (USHPRR), plus one critical facility, that is actively collaborating with the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Material Management and Minimization (M3) Office of Reactor Conversion and Uranium Supply to convert from the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU, ≥ 20 wt% U-235) to low-enriched uranium (LEU, < 20 wt% U-235) fuel. A new type of very high-density LEU fuel based on an alloy of uranium and 10-weight percent molybdenum (U-10Mo) is expected to allow the conversion of some USHPRR, including MURR, to LEU fuel.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Opportunities for DOE National Laboratory-led QuantISED Experiments

A subset of QuantISED Sensor PIs met virtually on May 26, 2020 to discuss a response to a charge by the DOE Office of High Energy Physics. In this document, we summarize the QuantISED sensor community discussion, including a consideration of HEP science enabled by quantum sensors, describing the distinction between Quantum 1.0 and Quantum 2.0, and discussing synergies/complementarity with the new DOE NQI centers and with research supported by other SC offices. Quantum 2.0 advances in sensor technology offer many opportunities and new approaches for HEP experiments. The DOE HEP QuantISED program could support a portfolio of small experiments based on these advances. QuantISED experiments could use sensor technologies that exemplify Quantum 2.0 breakthroughs. They would strive to achieve new HEP science results, while possibly spinning off other domain science applications or serving as pathfinders for future HEP science targets. QuantISED experiments should be led by a DOE laboratory, to take advantage of laboratory technical resources, infrastructure, and expertise in the safe and efficient construction, operation, and review of experiments. The QuantISED PIs emphasized that the quest for HEP science results under the QuantISED program is distinct from the ongoing DOE HEP programs on the energy, intensity, and cosmic frontiers. There is robust evidence for the existence of particles and phenomena beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter, dark energy, quantum gravity, and new physics responsible for neutrino masses, cosmic inflation, and the cosmic preference for matter over antimatter. Where is this physics and how do we find it? The QuantISED program can exploit new capabilities provided by quantum technology to probe these kinds of science questions in new ways and over a broader range of science parameters than can be achieved with conventional techniques.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Overview of Salt Repository Research and Development for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-level Nuclear Waste in the United States - 20307

This paper summarizes the current US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy's (DOE-NE) work towards developing and executing a research and development program that addresses both scientific and technical issues related to long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level waste (HLW) in a hypothetical bedded salt based geological repository. A primary goal of the program is to create a generic Geologic Disposal Safety Assessment (GDSA) Framework that can be used to help guide decisions on siting a possible future bedded salt repository. The generic GDSA work includes analysis of the impacts of heat generation caused by decay of short-lived radionuclides. We report progress in four primary areas. First, we discuss the development and recent modifications of a research and development road-map. Second, we briefly describe an experimental approach to better understand thermal processes in salt. Third, we highlight collaborations with the international research community that leverage salt-based repository science around the world. Finally, we discuss how our findings are being used to aid in the development of a generic safety assessment for a bedded salt repository containing SNF and HLW. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗