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DOE OSTI2020

Over 11% Efficient Eco-Friendly Kesterite Solar Cell: Effects of S-Enriched Surface of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Absorber and Band Gap Controlled (Zn,Sn)O Buffer

For high efficiency kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cell, CdS thin film was usually used as a buffer layer. However, due to the toxicity of Cd and pollution problems involved from the solution-based chemical bath deposition, eco-friendly high efficiency CZTSSe solar cell with Cd-free buffer is necessary. As an Cd-free buffer layer, we investigated (Zn,Sn)O (ZTO) film deposited by sputtering method. In order to achieve high power conversion efficiency, we controlled energy band gaps of CZTSSe absorber as well as ZTO buffer, which was required to optimize conduction band offset (CBO) between the absorber and the buffer and to increase open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). The CBO was optimized by controlling the band gap of ZTO. By varying the Sn/(Zn + Sn) ratio and its deposition temperature, band gap of ZTO was successfully adjusted. Experimental and computational calculation results showed that solar cell performance was strongly affected by the CBO between absorber and buffer. Besides CBO matching, larger band gap of ZTO improved short circuit current density (Jsc) with enhanced external quantum efficiency value in blue photon spectrum range. As an additional way to improve power conversion efficiency of solar cell, band graded CZTSSe absorber was developed by using spray-based two-step process. The sprayed CZTSSe film was engineered to have S-enriched surface, which makes surface band gap widened and surface passivated, and resultantly increases Voc, Jsc and fill factor (FF). By controlling band gaps of both CZTSSe absorber and ZTO buffer, we obtained 11.22% environment-friendly CZTSSe solar cell without MgF2 anti-reflection coating.

(Zn↗

DOE OSTI2025

One Pot Synthesis of Cyan Emitting CdZnSSe Quantum Dots for Human Centric Lighting

A one pot synthesis of blue and green emissive CdZnSSe quantum dots (QDs) from thio- and selenoureas and Cd and Zn carboxylates is optimized using high throughput robotic optimization. A large set of spectral data (N = 192) is used to train machine learning models that accurately predict the photoluminescence emission wavelength (λmax) and full-width half-maximum, and the relative photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from the S:Se and Zn:Cd stoichiometries and reaction time. ZnS shells are deposited on the crude QD heterostructures using 4-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptan, a more reactive source of sulfide that enables shell growth below the temperature where ion diffusion in the QD can broaden its optical spectrum (≤275 °C). These optimized procedures provide gram quantities of blue-green emitting QDs (PLQY = 85–99%) in a single reaction vessel. A solid state lighting device (4260 K) that incorporates cyan emissive QDs achieved a higher luminous efficacy of 179 lm/W and melanopic daylight efficiency ratio (0.71) than existing commercial human centric lighting devices.

Jordan, Abraham J↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd2As3Br by Materials Project

Cd2As3Br crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three As1- and one Br1- atom. There are a spread of Cd–As bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.79 Å. The Cd–Br bond length is 2.83 Å. There are two inequivalent As1- sites. In the first As1- site, As1- is bonded to two equivalent Cd2+ and two As1- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing AsCd2As2 trigonal pyramids. There are one shorter (2.46 Å) and one longer (2.48 Å) As–As bond lengths. In the second As1- site, As1- is bonded to two equivalent Cd2+ and two equivalent As1- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing AsCd2As2 tetrahedra. Br1- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Cd2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd2Os2O7 by Materials Project

Cd2Os2O7 crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Os5+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form OsO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent OsO6 octahedra and edges with six equivalent CdO8 hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 42°. All Os–O bond lengths are 1.95 Å. Cd2+ is bonded to eight O2- atoms to form distorted CdO8 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with six equivalent CdO8 hexagonal bipyramids and edges with six equivalent OsO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.23 Å) and six longer (2.62 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form corner-sharing OCd4 tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Os5+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CdH16C4S4(N5O3)2 by Materials Project

CdC4H16S4(N3O)3NO3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four nitric acid molecules and four CdC4H16S4(N3O)3 clusters. In each CdC4H16S4(N3O)3 cluster, Cd2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four S2- and one O2- atom. There are a spread of Cd–S bond distances ranging from 2.55–2.64 Å. The Cd–O bond length is 3.00 Å. There are four inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two N+1.40- and one S2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.33 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.74 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two N+1.40- and one S2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.33 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.74 Å. In the third C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two N+1.40- and one S2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.33 Å. The C–S bond length is 1.75 Å. In the fourth C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two N+1.40- and one S2- atom. There is one shorter (1.33 Å) and one longer (1.34 Å) C–N bond length. The C–S bond length is 1.73 Å. There are nine inequivalent N+1.40- sites. In the first N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the second N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.26–1.28 Å. In the third N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the fourth N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the fifth N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the sixth N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the seventh N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the eighth N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the ninth N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are sixteen inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the thirteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the fourteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the fifteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the sixteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Cd2+ and one C4+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cd2+, one C4+, and one O2- atom. The S–O bond length is 3.13 Å. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Cd2+ and one C4+ atom. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Cd2+ and one C4+ atom. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cd2+, one N+1.40-, and one S2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

NASA NTRS1978

Cloud Top Scanning radiometer (CTS)

A scanning radiometer to be used for measuring cloud radiances in each of three spectral regions is described. Significant features incorporated in the Cloud Top Scanner design are: (1) flexibility and growth potential through use of easily replaceable modular detectors and filters; (2) full aperture, multilevel inflight calibration; (3) inherent channel registration through employment of a single shared field stop; and (4) radiometric sensitivity margin in a compact optical design through use of Honeywell developed (Hg,Cd)Te detectors and preamplifiers.

Source record↗

DOE OSTI2020

On the New Oxyarsenides Eu 5 Zn 2 As 5 O and Eu 5 Cd 2 As 5 O

The new quaternary phases Eu5Zn2As5O and Eu5Cd2As5O have been synthesized by metal flux reactions and their structures have been established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize in the centrosymmetric space group Cmcm (No. 63, Z = 4; Pearson symbol oC52), with unit cell parameters a = 4.3457(11) Å, b = 20.897(5) Å, c = 13.571(3) Å; and a = 4.4597(9) Å, b = 21.112(4) Å, c = 13.848(3) Å, for Eu5Zn2As5O and Eu5Cd2As5O, respectively. The crystal structures include one-dimensional double-strands of corner-shared MAs4 tetrahedra (M = Zn, Cd) and As–As bonds that connect the tetrahedra to form pentagonal channels. Four of the five Eu atoms fill the space between the pentagonal channels and one Eu atom is contained within the channels. An isolated oxide anion O2– is located in a tetrahedral hole formed by four Eu cations. Applying the valence rules and the Zintl concept to rationalize the chemical bonding in Eu5M2As5O (M = Zn, Cd) reveals that the valence electrons can be counted as follows: 5 × [Eu2+] + 2 × [M2+] + 3 × [As3–] + 2 × [As2–] + O2–, which suggests an electron-deficient configuration. The presumed h+ hole is confirmed by electronic band structure calculations, where a fully optimized bonding will be attained if an additional valence electron is added to move the Fermi level up to a narrow band gap (Eu5Zn2As5O) or pseudo-gap (Eu5Cd2As5O). In order to achieve such a formal charge balance, and hence, narrow-gap semiconducting behavior in Eu5M2As5O (M = Zn, Cd), europium is theorized to be in a mixed-valent Eu2+/ Eu3+ state.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaCd(RhO2)4 by Materials Project

NaCd(RhO2)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.66 Å. There are four inequivalent Rh+3.25+ sites. In the first Rh+3.25+ site, Rh+3.25+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–59°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.11 Å. In the second Rh+3.25+ site, Rh+3.25+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–60°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.10 Å. In the third Rh+3.25+ site, Rh+3.25+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–60°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.11 Å. In the fourth Rh+3.25+ site, Rh+3.25+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–59°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.11 Å. Cd2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.54 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and three equivalent Rh+3.25+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Rh+3.25+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, three Rh+3.25+, and one Cd2+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Na1+, three Rh+3.25+, and one Cd2+ atom to form distorted ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with four ONa2Rh3 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with three equivalent ONa2Rh3 square pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Na1+ and three equivalent Rh+3.25+ atoms to form distorted ONa2Rh3 square pyramids that share corners with two equivalent ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent ONa2Rh3 square pyramids, and edges with three equivalent ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Rh+3.25+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form distorted OCd2Rh3 square pyramids that share corners with two equivalent ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids and edges with four equivalent OCd2Rh3 square pyramids. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.25+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Rh+3.25+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mn3Cd2O8 by Materials Project

Cd2Mn3O8 is Marcasite-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Mn4+ sites. In the first Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing MnO6 octahedra. There is four shorter (1.94 Å) and two longer (1.96 Å) Mn–O bond length. In the second Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.01 Å. Cd2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.46 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Mn4+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Mn4+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Mn4+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd2SiO4 by Materials Project

Cd2SiO4 is Spinel structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent CdO6 octahedra. All Cd–O bond lengths are 2.35 Å. Si4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent CdO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 50°. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.68 Å. O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Cd2+ and one Si4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2021

Strong Rashba-Dresselhaus Effect in Nonchiral 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites

Chirality transfer from organic chiral molecules to lead halides is theorized as the origin of the strong Rashba-Dresselhaus effect causing large circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in metal halide perovskites (MHPs). In this report a concrete empirical evidence is provided that such strong CD and CPL can occur even in nonchiral 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) (BA) 2 (MA) n-1 Pb n I 3n+1 (where MA = CH 3 NH 3 and BA = CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 NH 3 ). The CD and CPL responses occurring at the excitonic transition of the MHPs are strongest (≈100 mdeg and 4.8%, respectively) when a single lead halide octahedral [PbI 6 ] 4- layer is repeatedly stacked between two nonchiral molecules BA + (n = 1). However, they are rapidly quenched as n increases. It is hypothesized that strong Rashba-Dresselhaus splitting in the 2D RPPs originates the strong CD and CPL signatures. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the large interlayer distortions in the inorganic layers at the organic/inorganic interface give rise to the strong Rashba-Dresselhaus splitting. A Rashba-Dresselhaus field of ≈600 and ≈50 mT for n = 1 and 2, respectively, is estimated by magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. The studies may have significant impact on designing 2D RPPs with large Rashba-Dresselhaus effects at room temperature for spintronic applications.

circular dichroism↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CdHg6(Sb2I3)2 by Materials Project

Hg6Cd(Sb2I3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are seven inequivalent Hg2+ sites. In the first Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two Sb2- and four I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.77 Å) and one longer (2.79 Å) Hg–Sb bond lengths. There are a spread of Hg–I bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.88 Å. In the second Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Sb2- and three I1- atoms. Both Hg–Sb bond lengths are 2.80 Å. There are two shorter (3.21 Å) and one longer (3.84 Å) Hg–I bond lengths. In the third Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded to two Sb2- and three I1- atoms to form distorted HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CdI4 tetrahedra, and corners with two SbHg3Sb tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–81°. There are one shorter (2.79 Å) and one longer (2.80 Å) Hg–Sb bond lengths. There are a spread of Hg–I bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.58 Å. In the fourth Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded to two equivalent Sb2- and four I1- atoms to form HgSb2I4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CdI4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent SbHg3Sb tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent HgSb2I4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 78°. Both Hg–Sb bond lengths are 2.78 Å. There are two shorter (3.31 Å) and two longer (3.56 Å) Hg–I bond lengths. In the fifth Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Sb2- and three I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.81 Å) and one longer (2.83 Å) Hg–Sb bond lengths. There are a spread of Hg–I bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.62 Å. In the sixth Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded to two Sb2- and four I1- atoms to form HgSb2I4 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent CdI4 tetrahedra, corners with two SbHg3Sb tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one HgSb2I4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 78°. There are one shorter (2.77 Å) and one longer (2.79 Å) Hg–Sb bond lengths. There are a spread of Hg–I bond distances ranging from 3.51–3.79 Å. In the seventh Hg2+ site, Hg2+ is bonded to two equivalent Sb2- and four I1- atoms to form HgSb2I4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent SbHg3Sb tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent CdI4 tetrahedra. Both Hg–Sb bond lengths are 2.78 Å. There are two shorter (3.69 Å) and two longer (3.72 Å) Hg–I bond lengths. Cd2+ is bonded to four I1- atoms to form CdI4 tetrahedra that share corners with three HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one HgSb2I4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 63–93°. There are a spread of Cd–I bond distances ranging from 2.83–2.88 Å. There are four inequivalent Sb2- sites. In the first Sb2- site, Sb2- is bonded to three Hg2+ and one Sb2- atom to form SbHg3Sb tetrahedra that share corners with three SbHg3Sb tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramid. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.93 Å. In the second Sb2- site, Sb2- is bonded to three Hg2+ and one Sb2- atom to form SbHg3Sb tetrahedra that share corners with two HgSb2I4 octahedra and corners with three SbHg3Sb tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 70–71°. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.97 Å. In the third Sb2- site, Sb2- is bonded to three Hg2+ and one Sb2- atom to form SbHg3Sb tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one HgSb2I4 octahedra and corners with three SbHg3Sb tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 75°. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.93 Å. In the fourth Sb2- site, Sb2- is bonded to three Hg2+ and one Sb2- atom to form SbHg3Sb tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one HgSb2I4 octahedra, corners with three SbHg3Sb tetrahedra, and a cornercorner with one HgSb2I3 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 78°. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.90 Å. There are six inequivalent I1- sites. In the first I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Hg2+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the second I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Hg2+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the third I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Hg2+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the fourth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four Hg2+ atoms. In the fifth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Hg2+ and one Cd2+ atom. In the sixth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Hg2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cd2SiO4 by Materials Project

Cd2SiO4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fddd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cd2+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form distorted CdO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with four equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, edges with four equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.48 Å. Si4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids and edges with two equivalent CdO6 pentagonal pyramids. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.66 Å. O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Cd2+ and one Si4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CdBi8(Br5O4)2 by Materials Project

CdBi8(O4Br5)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmmm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two CdBi8(O4Br5)2 sheets oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. Cd2+ is bonded to six Br1- atoms to form corner-sharing CdBr6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.79 Å) and two longer (3.06 Å) Cd–Br bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Bi3+ sites. In the first Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- and four equivalent Br1- atoms. All Bi–O bond lengths are 2.35 Å. All Bi–Br bond lengths are 3.22 Å. In the second Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- and four equivalent Br1- atoms. All Bi–O bond lengths are 2.34 Å. All Bi–Br bond lengths are 3.21 Å. In the third Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- and four Br1- atoms. All Bi–O bond lengths are 2.35 Å. There are two shorter (3.20 Å) and two longer (3.24 Å) Bi–Br bond lengths. O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OBi4 tetrahedra. There are four inequivalent Br1- sites. In the first Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Bi3+ atoms. In the second Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Bi3+ atoms. In the third Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Cd2+ and four equivalent Bi3+ atoms. In the fourth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Cd2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on YbTi2CdO6F by Materials Project

YbTi2CdO6F crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Yb3+ is bonded to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form distorted YbO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent YbO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.50 Å) and two longer (2.53 Å) Yb–O bond lengths. Both Yb–F bond lengths are 2.19 Å. There are two inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent YbO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 47–48°. There is two shorter (1.96 Å) and four longer (1.97 Å) Ti–O bond length. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent YbO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 47°. There is four shorter (1.96 Å) and two longer (1.98 Å) Ti–O bond length. Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form distorted CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent YbO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.51 Å) and four longer (2.56 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. Both Cd–F bond lengths are 2.24 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Yb3+ and two equivalent Ti4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Yb3+, two Ti4+, and one Cd2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti4+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms. F1- is bonded to two equivalent Yb3+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form corner-sharing FYb2Cd2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NdTi2CdO6F by Materials Project

NdTi2CdO6F crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nd3+ is bonded to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form distorted NdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent NdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.50 Å) and two longer (2.53 Å) Nd–O bond lengths. Both Nd–F bond lengths are 2.27 Å. There are two inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent NdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 47–50°. All Ti–O bond lengths are 1.98 Å. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent NdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–47°. There are four shorter (1.98 Å) and two longer (2.02 Å) Ti–O bond lengths. Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form distorted CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent NdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.53 Å) and four longer (2.62 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. Both Cd–F bond lengths are 2.19 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Nd3+ and two equivalent Ti4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two Ti4+, and one Cd2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti4+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms. F1- is bonded to two equivalent Nd3+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form corner-sharing FNd2Cd2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on EuTi2CdO6F by Materials Project

EuTi2CdO6F crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Eu3+ is bonded to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form distorted EuO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent EuO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.51 Å) and two longer (2.55 Å) Eu–O bond lengths. Both Eu–F bond lengths are 2.28 Å. There are two inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent EuO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 47–49°. There is two shorter (1.97 Å) and four longer (1.98 Å) Ti–O bond length. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent EuO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–47°. There is four shorter (1.98 Å) and two longer (2.00 Å) Ti–O bond length. Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form distorted CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent EuO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.54 Å) and four longer (2.59 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. Both Cd–F bond lengths are 2.18 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Eu3+ and two equivalent Ti4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Eu3+, two Ti4+, and one Cd2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti4+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms. F1- is bonded to two equivalent Eu3+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form corner-sharing FEu2Cd2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on YTi2CdO6F by Materials Project

YTi2CdO6F crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y3+ is bonded to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form distorted YO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent YO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.44 Å) and two longer (2.50 Å) Y–O bond lengths. Both Y–F bond lengths are 2.20 Å. There are two inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent YO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–52°. There is two shorter (1.97 Å) and four longer (1.99 Å) Ti–O bond length. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent YO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 47–48°. There is four shorter (1.97 Å) and two longer (2.02 Å) Ti–O bond length. Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- and two equivalent F1- atoms to form distorted CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with two equivalent CdO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent YO6F2 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.48 Å) and four longer (2.59 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. Both Cd–F bond lengths are 2.24 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Y3+, two Ti4+, and one Cd2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and two equivalent Ti4+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti4+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms. F1- is bonded to two equivalent Y3+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form corner-sharing FY2Cd2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗