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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsSi2HO5 by Materials Project

CsSi2HO5 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs1+ sites. In the first Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent H1+ and nine O2- atoms. Both Cs–H bond lengths are 3.23 Å. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.11–3.51 Å. In the second Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent H1+ and nine O2- atoms. Both Cs–H bond lengths are 3.22 Å. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.11–3.48 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.61–1.65 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.60–1.65 Å. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent O2- atoms. Both H–O bond lengths are 1.21 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent O2- atoms. Both H–O bond lengths are 1.21 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to three equivalent Cs1+, one Si4+, and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two equivalent Si4+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two equivalent Si4+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to three equivalent Cs1+, one Si4+, and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2023

Regenerable Liquid Desiccants for High Efficiency Humidity Control in Microgravity

The NASA X-Hab project aims to design, manufacture, test, and prove functionality of an air humidity control subsystem to dehumidify and re-humidify air from a space cabin. The method of regulating cabin air humidity utilizes vortex phase separation, which uses an ionic liquid (IL) desiccant for air-water phase separation. This subsystem is intended to be integrated with a CO 2 removal system requiring de-humidified air to operate efficiently. The air humidity control subsystem is composed of a cold-desiccant or cold-side Vortex Phase Separator (VPS) that dehumidifies the cabin air. The dehumidified air exits the cold-side (CS) VPS chamber to flow into the CO 2 removal module, and the cold, water-laden liquid desiccant flows to a regenerative heat exchanger. From the heat exchanger the liquid desiccant continues to the heater. After heating, the desiccant flows into a hot-desiccant or hot-side (HS) VPS as the dehumidified air from CO 2 removal module enters through the HS VPS air inlet. The rehumidified air exits the HS VPS into the space cabin. One pump installed at the liquid exit of the CS VPS and one pump installed at the liquid exit of the HS VPS transport the fluid through the system. To evaluate the system’s efficiency and effectiveness, the temperature, pressure, flow rate and relative humidity are read, recorded, and analyzed at critical points along the module.

Gerardo Castro↗
DOE OSTI2025

Similar but Different: Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of Series of Neodymium, Europium, Americium, and Curium Coordination Complexes

Series of curium, americium, europium, and neodymium complexes with five different polyoxometalate (POM) ligands were structurally and spectroscopically characterized: Na x Cs y H z [M(XW 11 O 39 ) 2 ]· n H 2 O, where M = Nd 3+ , Eu 3+ , Am 3+ , or Cm 3+ and X = B 3+ , Ga 3+ , Si 4+ , Ge 4+ , or P 5+ . This first “serial approach” on transplutonium chemistry was allowed by minimizing the amount of f-element needed per synthesis down to ∼10 μg. This offers a unique opportunity to contrast structural and spectroscopic properties of trivalent actinide with those of lanthanide compounds under identical conditions. The results showcase that although actinide(III) and lanthanide(III) can make isostructural complexes, their solid-state coordination chemistries deviate significantly. The curium and americium compounds were found to be more uniform than their europium and neodymium counterparts, respectively. The particular symmetry of the Cm-POMs also enables the observation of rarely seen emission bands, which hints at vibronic coupling or new emissive pathways. Additionally, the Cm-POM and Eu-POM complexes were characterized via steady-state and time-resolved excitation and emission spectroscopy in solutions containing five different counterions (Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , or Cs + ), representing 50 combinations of alkali/[M III (XW 11 ) 2 ] n − complexes. The Cm-POMs respond to the alkali counterions by improving symmetry from Li + to Cs + , while the Eu-POMs do the opposite. The luminescence lifetimes of the Cm-POMs also depart from the ideal Kimura equation. Finally, this study provides a rare, and perhaps the most comprehensive, experimental data set comparing heavy actinides and lanthanides via single crystal XRD plus, solution-state, solid-state, and time-resolved emission spectroscopy and demonstrates that lanthanides are only a coarse approximation for actinide elements.

chemical structure↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsNd(SeO6)2 by Materials Project

CsNd(SeO6)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.41 Å. Nd is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.94 Å. There are two inequivalent Se sites. In the first Se site, Se is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There is three shorter (1.68 Å) and one longer (1.70 Å) Se–O bond length. In the second Se site, Se is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.72 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs, one Nd, and one Se atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Nd and one Se atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs, one Nd, and one Se atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one Se atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Nd and one Se atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs and one Nd atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Nd and one Se atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Nd and one O atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one Se atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one Nd atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one Nd, and one Se atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Suppressing Cation Migration in Triple-Cation Lead Halide Perovskites

Ion migration represents an intrinsic instability of metal halide perovskite solar cells. In this work, we show that triple-cation FA x MA y Cs 1–x–y PbI 3 [FA + = (NH 2 ) 2 CH + , MA + = CH 3 NH 3 + ] active layers with mixed orthorhombic, post-perovskite (δ ortho -CsPbI 3 ), and cubic perovskite (α) phases (i.e., α/δ-phase FA x MA y Cs 1–x–y PbI 3 ) exhibit improved cation stability against applied bias relative to pure α-phase perovskites (i.e., FA 0.85 Cs 0.15 PbI 3 and FA 0.76 MA 0.15 Cs 0.09 PbI 3 ). Infrared photothermal heterodyne imaging and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry are used to visualize exclusive α-phase perovskite lateral device A + cation accumulation (depletion) at perovskite negative (positive) electrode interfaces. The resulting compositional heterogeneities lead to degradation. Operational stability testing of solar cells reveals similar degradation behavior; α/δ-phase FA x MA y Cs 1–x–y PbI 3 lateral devices/solar cells, by contrast, show improved stabilities. Enhanced α/δ-FA x MA y Cs 1–x–y PbI 3 stability is rationalized by δortho-phase inclusions, acting as barriers through which A + cations do not easily migrate. This study thus provides new insights into cation migration in FA x MAyCs 1–x–y PbI 3 perovskites and suggests a materials design strategy toward suppressing cation instabilities in hybrid perovskites.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsRbMg30O31 by Materials Project

CsRbMg30O31 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CsO6 octahedra that share corners with four MgO6 octahedra and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.54 Å. Rb1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.28 Å) and two longer (2.66 Å) Rb–O bond lengths. There are sixteen inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four MgO6 octahedra, edges with ten MgO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent MgO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.33 Å. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CsO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.32 Å. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form MgO5 square pyramids that share corners with four MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MgO5 square pyramids, and edges with eight MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 9–10°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.18 Å. In the fourth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CsO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MgO5 square pyramids, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.31 Å. In the fifth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MgO5 square pyramids, edges with ten MgO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent MgO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.24 Å. In the sixth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.22 Å. In the seventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CsO6 octahedra, edges with eight MgO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one MgO5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–14°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.14–2.26 Å. In the eighth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with nine MgO6 octahedra, and edges with two MgO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–8°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.15–2.21 Å. In the ninth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.34 Å. In the tenth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four MgO6 octahedra, edges with ten MgO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent MgO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–5°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.14–2.25 Å. In the eleventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CsO6 octahedra, edges with nine MgO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one MgO5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–18°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.33 Å. In the twelfth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–3°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.21 Å. In the thirteenth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted MgO5 square pyramids that share corners with four MgO6 octahedra, corners with two MgO5 square pyramids, and edges with eight MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–13°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.18 Å. In the fourteenth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MgO5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one CsO6 octahedra, and edges with nine MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–15°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.33 Å. In the fifteenth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MgO5 square pyramids, edges with ten MgO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one MgO5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–12°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.14–2.36 Å. In the sixteenth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CsO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–14°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.14–2.29 Å. There are seventeen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Cs1+ and five Mg2+ atoms to form distorted OCsMg5 octahedra that share corners with four OMg6 octahedra, edges with ten OMg6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–9°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OCsMg5 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–9°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ atoms to form OMg5 square pyramids that share corners with six OMg6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramids, and edges with eight OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 9–77°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Cs1+ and five Mg2+ atoms to form distorted OCsMg5 octahedra that share corners with four OCsMg5 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OMg5 square pyramids, edges with ten OMg6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with four OMg6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OMg5 square pyramids, and edges with twelve OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg6 octahedra, edges with ten OCsMg5 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–18°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg6 octahedra, edges with ten OCsMg5 octahedra, an edgeedge with one OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one OMg5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–7°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Cs1+, one Rb1+, and four Mg2+ atoms to form distorted OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with four OMg6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one OMg5 square pyramid, and edges with ten OCsMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–25°. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with four OMg6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramids, and edges with twelve OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with four OMg6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramids, edges with ten OCsMg5 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one OMg5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–13°. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Rb1+ and five Mg2+ atoms to form distorted ORbMg5 octahedra that share corners with six OCsMg5 octahedra, a cornercorner with one OMg5 square pyramid, edges with eight OMg6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–51°. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Cs1+ and five Mg2+ atoms to form distorted OCsMg5 octahedra that share corners with six OCsMg5 octahedra, edges with ten OCsMg5 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent OCsRbMg4 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–12°. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg6 octahedra, edges with ten OMg6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one OMg5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–12°. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–8°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsNa3U4(MoO10)2 by Materials Project

CsNa3U4(MoO10)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.65 Å. There are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.82 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.89 Å. There are two inequivalent U6+ sites. In the first U6+ site, U6+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.48 Å. In the second U6+ site, U6+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of U–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.59 Å. Mo6+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–2.35 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, one U6+, and two equivalent Mo6+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and three U6+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Na1+ and one U6+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Na1+ and one U6+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two U6+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one U6+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three U6+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs1+, one Na1+, and one U6+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+, one U6+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, one Na1+, and one Mo6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Infiltration metasomatism of the Allende coarse-grained calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions

We report on the mineralogy, petrography, and O and Al-Mg isotopic systematics of secondary mineralization in the metasomatically altered igneous Ca,Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) [compact type A (CTA), B1, B2, forsterite-bearing B (FoB), and C] from the CV3 carbonaceous chondrite Allende. This alteration affected mainly melilite, and to a lesser degree anorthite, and resulted in the formation of a variety of secondary minerals, including adrianite, Al-diopside, andradite, anorthite, calcite, celsian, clintonite, corundum, dmisteinbergite, ferroan olivine, ferroan monticellite, ferroan Al-diopside, forsterite, grossular, heazlewoodite, hedenbergite, hutcheonite, kushiroite, margarite, monticellite, Na-melilite, nepheline, pentlandite, pyrrhotite, sodalite, spinel, tilleyite, wadalite, and wollastonite. The secondary mineral assemblages are mainly defined by chemical compositions of the primary melilite replaced and elements introduced by an aqueous fluid. Gehlenitic melilite (Åk <35 ) in CTAs and mantles of B1s is mainly replaced by anorthite + grossular; clintonite, corundum, spinel, and Al-diopside are minor. Åkermanitic melilite (Åk 35-90 ) in type B2s, FoBs, and cores of B1s is replaced by the grossular + monticellite + wollastonite, grossular + monticellite, and grossular + Al-diopside assemblages; forsterite, spinel, clintonite, and Na-melilite are minor. In type Cs, lacy melilite (åkermanitic melilite with rounded inclusions of anorthite) is pseudomorphically replaced by the grossular + forsterite + monticellite and grossular + Al-diopside assemblages; Na-melilite is minor. Primary and secondary anorthites in the peripheral portions of CAIs are replaced by nepheline, sodalite, and ferromagnesian olivine. Some CAIs contain voids and cracks filled by andradite, hedenbergite, wollastonite, ±sodalite, ±grossular, ±monticellite, ±tilleyite, and ±calcite. All CAIs studied are surrounded by Wark-Lovering rims, fine-grained matrix-like rims composed of lath-shaped ferroan olivine and abundant nepheline grains, and a layer of salite-hedenbergite pyroxenes + andradite + wollastonite. Grossular associating with monticellite, Al-diopside, and forsterite and replacing åkermanitic melilite ( 27 Al/ 24 Mg ~ 2) has high 27 Al/ 24 Mg ratios (30–100) and shows no resolvable excess of radiogenic 26 Mg (26Mg*). The 27 Al/ 24 Mg ratios (7–10) and 26 Mg* (2–3‰) in the nearly monomineralic grossular veins crosscutting gehlenitic melilite are similar to those of the host melilite and plot along a regression line with 26 Al/ 27 Al ratio of ~5×10 –5 . Oxygen isotopic compositions of secondary minerals in the most Type Bs measured in situ with the UH Cameca ims-1280 and matrix-matched standards plot along mass-dependent fractionation line with Δ 17 O of ~ –3±2‰ with δ 18 O ranging from ~0 to ~10‰. Primary melilite and anorthite in the host CAIs are similarly 16 O-depleted, whereas spinel, forsterite, and most Al,Ti-diopside grains have 16 O-rich compositions (Δ 17 O ~ –25±2‰). Secondary grossular and forsterite in type Cs and type B1 CAI TS-34 show a range of Δ 17 O, from ~ –15 to ~ –1‰; the 16 O-enriched compositions of grossular and forsterite plot along the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral line. The similar ranges of Δ 17 O and positions on the three-isotope oxygen diagram are observed for primary anorthite; melilite is generally 16 O-depleted compared to anorthite (Δ 17 O ~ –5 to –1±2‰); spinel and fassaite are 16 O-rich (except very Ti-rich fassaite in TS-34 and CTA CAIs). We conclude that Allende CAIs experienced an open-system in situ metasomatic alteration at relatively high temperatures (200-250 °C) in the presence of CO 2 - and H 2 O-bearing fluid with Δ 17 O of ~ –3±2‰ followed by thermal metamorphism at ~ 500 °C on the CV chondrite parent asteroid. During the alteration, most elements were mobile: Si, Na, Cl, K, Fe, S, and Ni were introduced; Al, Ti, Mg, and Ba were locally mobilized; Ca and some Mg and Al were lost from the host inclusions. The alteration occurred after nearly complete decay of 26 Al, >3 Ma after crystallization of CAIs with the canonical ( 26 Al/ 27 Al) 0 of (5.25±0.02)×10 -5 ; 26 Mg* in grossular was inherited from the primary melilite and provide no chronological significance. Oxygen isotopic heterogeneity of primary minerals in the Allende CAIs at least partly is due to isotopic exchange with an aqueous fluid that largely affected melilite, anorthite, perovskite, Zr- and Sc-rich oxides and silicates, and possibly very Ti-rich fassaite.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Stress corrosion cracking mechanism of cold spray coating on a galvanically similar substrate

Here, the chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) mechanism of cold spray (CS) coating on a galvanically similar substrate is investigated. Arc welded 304L stainless steel (SS) specimens are loaded into four-point bend fixtures, cold sprayed with 304L SS, then immersed in boiling MgCl 2 . Interconnected porosity forms through crevice corrosion along CS splat boundaries, allowing corrosive species to penetrate through the CS layer. Nevertheless, the substrate is resistant to CISCC likely because of compressive stress introduced by peening during CS particle impacts. These findings underscore the importance of residual stress in the environmental degradation of CS coatings or repairs of engineering structures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Surface Termination of CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Determined by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

Cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have gained significant attention as next-generation optoelectronic materials; however, their properties are highly dependent on their surface chemistry. The surfaces of cuboidal CsPbBr 3 QDs have been intensively studied by both theoretical and experimental techniques, but fundamental questions still remain about the atomic termination of the QDs. The surface binding sites and modes of ligands at the surface remain unproven. Herein, we demonstrate that solid-state NMR spectroscopy allows the unambiguous assignment of organic surface ligands via 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR. Surface-selective 133 Cs solid-state NMR spectra show the presence of an additional 133 Cs NMR signal with a unique chemical shift that is attributed to Cs atoms terminating the surface of the particle and which are likely coordinated by carboxylate ligands. Dipolar dephasing curves that report on the distance between the surface ammonium ligands and Cs and Pb were recorded using double resonance 1 H{ 133 Cs} and 1 H{ 207 Pb} RESPDOR experiments. Model QD surface slabs with different possible surface terminations were generated from the CsPbBr 3 crystal structure and theoretical RESPDOR dipolar dephasing curves considering all possible 1 H- 133 Cs/ 207 Pb spin pairs were then calculated. Comparison of the calculated and experimental RESPDOR curves indicates the particles are CsBr terminated (not PbBr 2 terminated) with alkylammonium ligands substituting into some surface Cs sites, consistent with the surface-selective 133 Cs NMR experiments. Lastly, these results highlight the utility of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy for studying ligand binding and the surface structure of nanomaterials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Diffuse Sources around MWC 1080

To reveal the origins of diffuse Hα emissions observed around the Herbig star MWC 1080, we have performed a high-resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observation using the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph. In the NIR H and K bands, we detected various emission lines (six hydrogen Brackett lines, seven H{sub 2} lines, and an [Fe ii] line) and compared their spatial locations with the optical (Hα and [S ii]) and radio ({sup 13}CO and CS) line maps. The shock-induced H{sub 2} and [Fe ii] lines indicate the presence of multiple outflows, consisting of at least three associated young stars in this region. The kinematics of H{sub 2} and [Fe ii] near the northeast (NE) cavity edge supports the idea that the NE main outflow from MWC 1080A is the blueshifted one with a low inclination angle. The H{sub 2} and [Fe ii] lines near the southeast molecular region newly reveal that additional highly blueshifted outflows originate from other young stars. The fluorescent H{sub 2} lines were found to trace photodissociation regions formed on the cylindrical surfaces of the main outflow cavity, which are expanding outward with a velocity of about 10–15 km s{sup −1}. For the Hα emission, we identify its components associated with two stellar outflows and two young stars in addition to the dominant component of MWC 1080A scattered by dust. We also report a few faint Hα features located ∼0.4 pc away in the southwest direction from MWC 1080A, which lie near the axes of the NE main outflow and one of the newly identified outflows.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsTeAu by Materials Project

CsAuTe crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Au1+ and six equivalent Te2- atoms. All Cs–Au bond lengths are 3.83 Å. There are two shorter (4.15 Å) and four longer (4.21 Å) Cs–Te bond lengths. Au1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent Te2- atoms. Both Au–Te bond lengths are 2.64 Å. Te2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Cs1+ and two equivalent Au1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsLa(SO6)2 by Materials Project

CsLa(SO6)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.42 Å. La is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.77 Å. There are two inequivalent S sites. In the first S site, S is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.53 Å. In the second S site, S is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.52 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs, one La, and one S atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to one La and one S atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cs and one S atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs, one La, and one S atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.31 Å) O–O bond length. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one La and one S atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs and one O atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs and one La atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one La and one S atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one La and one O atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Cs, one La, and one S atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs2Mg(SeO7)2 by Materials Project

Cs2Mg(SeO7)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.70 Å. Mg is bonded in a distorted octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.18 Å. Se is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.66–1.72 Å. There are seven inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Mg atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one Se atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one Se atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Cs and one Se atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent Cs and one Se atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs and one Mg atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cs and one Mg atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Technical, Economic, Energetic, and Environmental Evaluation of Pretreatment Strategies for Scaling Control in Brackish Water Desalination Brine Treatment

Effective pretreatment is essential for achieving long-term stable operation and high water recovery during the desalination of alternative waters. This study developed a process modeling approach for technical, economic, energetic, and environmental assessments of pretreatment technologies to identify the impacts of each technology treating brackish water desalination brine with high scaling propensity. The model simulations evaluated individual pretreatment technologies, including chemical softening (CS), chemical coagulation (CC), electrocoagulation (EC), and ion exchange (IX). In addition, combinations of these pretreatment technologies aiming at the effective reduction of key scaling constituents such as hardness and silica were investigated. The three evaluation parameters in this assessment consist of levelized cost of water (LCOW, $/m 3 ), specific energy consumption and cumulative energy demand (SEC|CED, kWh/m 3 ), and carbon dioxide emissions (CO 2 , kg CO 2-eq /m 3 ). The case study evaluated in this work was the desalination brine from the Kay Bailey Hutchison Desalination Plant (KBHDP) with a total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of 11,000 mg/L and rich in hardness and silica. The evaluation of individual pretreatment units from the highest to lowest LCOW, SEC|CED, and CO 2 emissions in the KBHDP brine was IX > CS > EC > CC, CS > IX > EC > CC, and CC > CS > EC > IX, respectively. In the case of pretreatment combinations for the KBHDP, the EC + IX treatment combination was shown to be the best in terms of the LCOW and CO 2 emissions. The modeling and evaluation of these pretreatment units provide valuable guidance on the selection of cost-effective, energy-efficient, and environmentally sustainable pretreatment technologies tailored to desalination brine applications for minimal- or zero-liquid discharge.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs3ClO by Materials Project

Cs3OCl crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Cs1+ sites. In the first Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one O2- and four equivalent Cl1- atoms. The Cs–O bond length is 2.71 Å. There are two shorter (3.64 Å) and two longer (3.65 Å) Cs–Cl bond lengths. In the second Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three equivalent O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms. All Cs–O bond lengths are 2.99 Å. There are one shorter (3.95 Å) and one longer (4.04 Å) Cs–Cl bond lengths. In the third Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O2- and three equivalent Cl1- atoms. Both Cs–O bond lengths are 2.94 Å. There are two shorter (3.76 Å) and one longer (3.77 Å) Cs–Cl bond lengths. O2- is bonded to six Cs1+ atoms to form edge-sharing OCs6 octahedra. Cl1- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Cs1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs2Sb2Pd by Materials Project

Cs2PdSb2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cs1+ sites. In the first Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sb2- atoms. There are two shorter (3.86 Å) and four longer (4.28 Å) Cs–Sb bond lengths. In the second Cs1+ site, Cs1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Pd2+ and six equivalent Sb2- atoms. Both Cs–Pd bond lengths are 3.56 Å. There are two shorter (3.97 Å) and four longer (4.04 Å) Cs–Sb bond lengths. Pd2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs1+ and four equivalent Sb2- atoms. All Pd–Sb bond lengths are 2.70 Å. Sb2- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Cs1+, two equivalent Pd2+, and one Sb2- atom. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.80 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗