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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Macro-micro multiscale modeling to assist the design of HPDC Al castings microstructure and alloys for EV super-large body structures (Phase 1)

Implementation of High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) Aluminum (Al) body structures for high volume electrified vehicles (EV) to improve electric efficiency remains a key strategy within many original equipment manufacturers (OEM)s. In addition to high strength for safety requirements, superior Self Piercing Riveting (SPR) performance is demanded for HPDC Al alloys to be compatible with high volume SPR joining. In this work, it is proposed to extend and validate an existing Contractor finite element multiscale macro-micro modeling approach to quantify the influence of the microstructure of HPDC alloys on the fracture strain/displacement under 3-point bend and clinch testing. The success of this work will allow to replace solution treatment stage with low energy consumption heat treatment (HT) processes, or to design new non heat treatable (NHT) HPDC Al alloys to eliminate HT requirements. Ultimately, this project will facilitate the application of HPDC Al alloys for super-large vehicle structures to significantly reduce vehicle weight and thus improving energy efficiency. The purpose of this project is to extend and validate an existing f

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Al 2 O 3 Thin Films on Magnesium: Assessing the Impact of an Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase

Among the many emerging technologies under investigation as alternatives to the successful Lithium-ion battery, the magnesium battery is promising due to the wide availability of magnesium, its high volumetric capacity, and the possibility for safety improvements. One of the largest challenges facing rechargeable magnesium batteries is the formation of a passivation layer at the Mg metal anode interface when reactive species in the electrolyte are reduced at the electrode-electrolyte interface. To control the solid electrolyte interphase in Lithium batteries, protective layers called artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) layers have been successful in improving Li metal anode performance. The approach of protecting Mg metal anodes from electrolyte degradation has been demonstrated by fewer studies in the literature than Li systems. In this work, we discuss the properties of Al 2 O 3 thin films deposited using atomic layer deposition as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase at the Mg anode. Our results demonstrate that Al 2 O 3 does prevent electrolyte degradation due to the reductive nature of Mg. However, undesirable properties such as defects and layer breakdown lead to Mg growth that causes soft-shorting. The soft-shorting occurs with and without the protection layer, indicating the ALD layer does not prevent it and hinders Al 2 O 3 from being an ideal candidate for a protection layer. Crucial effects of this layer on Mg electrochemistry at the interface were observed, including growth of Mg deposits leading to soft-shorting of the cell whose morphology showed a dependence on the Al 2 O 3 layer. These results may provide guidelines for the future design and development of protective ASEI layers for Mg anodes.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

AlN quasi-vertical Schottky barrier diode on AlN bulk substrate using Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 N current spreading layer

Abstract An aluminum nitride (AlN) quasi-vertical Schottky barrier diode (SBD) was fabricated on an AlN bulk substrate. An undoped AlN layer, a Si-doped Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 N current spreading layer and an AlN buffer layer were grown by plasma-enhanced molecular beam epitaxy. The epitaxial AlN layer was etched down to the n-Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 N layer to form an Ohmic contact. Ni/Au and V/Al/Ni/Au were deposited on the top AlN layer as Schottky contacts and on the exposed n-Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 N layer as Ohmic contacts, respectively. The Ohmic characteristics on the n-Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 N layer, capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) and current–voltage ( I – V ) characteristics of the AlN SBD were investigated.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2021

Qualifying AL-800 Garnet For The Fermilab Booster Perpendicular Biased 2nd Harmonic RF Cavity

Al-800 garnet was evaluated for the perpendicular biased 2nd harmonic cavity for the Fermilab Booster accelerator. A test apparatus was designed to evaluate the magnetic permeability and batch consistency of small witness samples of Al-800. Fully assembled AL-800 garnet rings were tested on the garnet ring test stand to measure the resonant frequency and quality factor of each ring. The garnet witness samples and assembled garnet rings showed acceptable consistency within the parameters set by the cavity design team. Based on the test results, AL-800 garnet was deemed suitable for use in the perpendicular biased 2nd harmonic cavity.

Kuharik, John C.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(CN)3 by Materials Project

Al(CN)3 is Modderite-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P-42_1m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two Al(CN)3 clusters. Al3+ is bonded in a T-shaped geometry to three N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.96 Å) and two longer (1.97 Å) Al–N bond length. There are two inequivalent C2+ sites. In the first C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Al3+ and one C2+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Al3+ and one C2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(HO)3 by Materials Project

Al(OH)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Al(OH)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.95 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(HO)3 by Materials Project

Al(OH)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Al(OH)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–1.94 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(PO3)3 by Materials Project

Al(PO3)3 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3c1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Al3+ sites. In the first Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.90 Å) and three longer (1.91 Å) Al–O bond length. In the second Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.90 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 34°. There is two shorter (1.50 Å) and two longer (1.60 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 32–41°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.61 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Al3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent P5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(HO)3 by Materials Project

Al(OH)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Al(OH)3 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–1.95 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(BH4)3 by Materials Project

Al(BH4)3 is Protactinium-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pna2_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four Al(BH4)3 clusters. Al3+ is bonded to six H+0.50+ atoms to form distorted AlH6 pentagonal pyramids that share edges with three BH4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.77 Å) and four longer (1.78 Å) Al–H bond length. There are three inequivalent B3- sites. In the first B3- site, B3- is bonded to four H+0.50+ atoms to form BH4 tetrahedra that share an edgeedge with one AlH6 pentagonal pyramid. There is two shorter (1.20 Å) and two longer (1.27 Å) B–H bond length. In the second B3- site, B3- is bonded to four H+0.50+ atoms to form BH4 tetrahedra that share an edgeedge with one AlH6 pentagonal pyramid. There is two shorter (1.20 Å) and two longer (1.27 Å) B–H bond length. In the third B3- site, B3- is bonded to four H+0.50+ atoms to form BH4 tetrahedra that share an edgeedge with one AlH6 pentagonal pyramid. There is two shorter (1.20 Å) and two longer (1.27 Å) B–H bond length. There are twelve inequivalent H+0.50+ sites. In the first H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Al3+ and one B3- atom. In the second H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Al3+ and one B3- atom. In the third H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B3- atom. In the fourth H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Al3+ and one B3- atom. In the fifth H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Al3+ and one B3- atom. In the sixth H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B3- atom. In the seventh H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Al3+ and one B3- atom. In the eighth H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Al3+ and one B3- atom. In the ninth H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B3- atom. In the tenth H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B3- atom. In the eleventh H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B3- atom. In the twelfth H+0.50+ site, H+0.50+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B3- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(HO)3 by Materials Project

Al(OH)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Al(OH)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–1.99 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(HO)3 by Materials Project

Al(OH)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Al(OH)3 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.95 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(HO)3 by Materials Project

Al(OH)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Al(OH)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–1.94 Å. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(HO)3 by Materials Project

Al(OH)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Al(OH)3 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.97 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(CrB)2 by Materials Project

AlCr2B2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cr is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent B atoms. There are four shorter (2.17 Å) and two longer (2.19 Å) Cr–B bond lengths. Al is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent B atoms. Both Al–B bond lengths are 2.27 Å. B is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Cr, one Al, and two equivalent B atoms. Both B–B bond lengths are 1.76 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(HO)3 by Materials Project

Al(OH)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Al(OH)3 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–1.95 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Al3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al(CN)3 by Materials Project

Al(CN)3 is alpha Po structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of three Al(CN)3 clusters. Al3+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent N3- atoms. All Al–N bond lengths are 1.97 Å. C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Al3+ and one C2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ferromagnetic Atomic d ‐ p Orbital Hybridization for Promoting Al‐S Batteries

Rechargeable aluminum‐sulfur batteries (Al‐S) are emerging as a promising alternative energy storage system beyond lithium‐ion batteries due to their high energy density, abundant material resources, and economic efficiency. However, their practical application remains challenged by sluggish conversion kinetics, polysulfide shuttling, and low sulfur cathode utilization. While extensive studies have focused on enhancing polysulfide adsorption through catalytic strategies, the roles of electronic structure in dictating catalytic performance remain underexplored. Here, this work unveils the critical effect of unpaired electronic structure on the catalytic performance of single atom ferromagnetic transition metals through a systematic evaluation of three typical atomically dispersed ferromagnetic single atoms—Fe, Co, and Ni—supported on porous carbon (denoted as PC‐SAFAs). Comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the PC‐SAFe catalysts, exhibiting the highest spin polarization arising from unpaired electrons, demonstrate the strongest interactions with polysulfide, thereby facilitating rapid and reversible polysulfide conversion reactions. Consequently, Al‐S batteries incorporating the optimized PC‐SAFe cathode achieve an impressive specific capacity of 508.8 mAh g −1 at 1.0 A g −1 after 500 cycles, along with much improved rate capability. In conclusion, this work provides a deeper understanding of the role of electronic structure in catalytic chemistry, and offers new insights for developing high‐performance Al‐S batteries.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗