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At least 415 records · Page 23

Materials Data on VAg2HgO4 by Materials Project

VAg2HgO4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-42d space group. The structure is three-dimensional. V4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.74–1.79 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.48 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.42 Å. Hg2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Hg–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.51 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to one V4+, two Ag1+, and one Hg2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one V4+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one V4+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one V4+ and two equivalent Hg2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Large area position sensitive detector for thermal neutrons

Large area thermal neutron detectors are applied in many fields including industrial imaging, nuclear safeguarding, neutron scattering, and fundamental science. Historically, these detectors were based on 3 He gas proportional counters despite the limitations of 3 He detectors such as high cost, limited supply, non-uniform spatial resolution, and depth of absorption problems. Two alternatives to 3 He detectors are 6 Li-loaded glass scintillators, and powdered ZnS(Ag) scintillators mixed with 6LiF neutron converters. The 6 LiF/ZnS(Ag) scintillator has advantages over 6 Li glass as it is less expensive and can be produced in larger areas, although its self-absorption presents a problem. In this work, we developed a large area thermal neutron detector based on 6 LiF/ZnS(Ag) scintillator coupled with wavelength shifting fibers. The detector uses resistive charge divider-based position encoding. We further modified and improved the method by 2D segmentation of the detector using modular multichannel readout electronics. This segmentation approach allows for a combination of large detector area, improved spatial resolution, and increased count rate. Furthermore, spatial resolution can be variable across the detector area by adjusting the segment size.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Materials Data on Ag2S by Materials Project

Ag2S crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent S2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–S bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.82 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.42 Å) and one longer (2.43 Å) Ag–S bond lengths. S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ag1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ag3AsSe3 by Materials Project

Ag3AsSe3 crystallizes in the trigonal R3c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ag1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Se bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.85 Å. As3+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent Se2- atoms. All As–Se bond lengths are 2.46 Å. Se2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Ag1+ and one As3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ag2S by Materials Project

Ag2S crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent S2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–S bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.75 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent S2- atoms. Both Ag–S bond lengths are 2.44 Å. S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ag1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ag2Se by Materials Project

Ag2Se is Cotunnite structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Se bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.79 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Se bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.96 Å. Se2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Ag1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ag2HgS2 by Materials Project

Ag2HgS2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ag1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent S2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–S bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.68 Å. Hg2+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent S2- atoms. Both Hg–S bond lengths are 2.43 Å. S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Ag1+ and one Hg2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on CuAgF3 by Materials Project

AgCuF3 is Orthorhombic Perovskite-like structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ag1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to nine equivalent F1- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–F bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.87 Å. Cu2+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form corner-sharing CuF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 22°. All Cu–F bond lengths are 2.04 Å. F1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Ag1+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Mn2FeAg2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ag2S by Materials Project

Ag2S is Cotunnite structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent S2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–S bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.73 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent S2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–S bond distances ranging from 2.64–2.82 Å. S2- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Ag1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on TiZnAg(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Metal Complex Inks for Low-Cost Photovoltaic Material Metallization

The aim of the project titled “Metal Complex Inks for Low-Cost Photovoltaic Material Metallization” was to develop new metal complex conductive inks and pastes for PV, invented and commercialized by Electroninks, Inc. (EI, Austin, TX USA, https://electroninks.com), the only global supplier and scaled-manufacturing company of these metal complex inks. These materials were developed in this work for photovoltaic applications to significantly lower the cost of metallization, improve the manufacturability, and greatly reduce metal usage, while maintaining or improving device efficiencies when compared to traditional nanoparticle-based inks. The new pastes will do so by: 1) lowering the finger resistivity and precious metals usage by printing much denser (and therefore thinner/less material) metal films than possible with traditional particle-based screen-printed pastes; 2) decreasing the firing temperature to help preserve passivation; and 3) enabling a path to move the TW-scale PV industry from Ag to other materials including Ni, Cu, and Ni/Cu alloy pastes while continuing to leverage capital investment and expertise in screen printing metallization.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

Chemical fractionations in meteorites. V - Volatile and siderophile elements in achondrites and ocean ridge basalts.

Eighteen achondrites and 4 terrestrial basalts (3 ocean ridge, 1 continental) were analyzed by radiochemical neutron activation analysis for Ag, Au, Bi, Br, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, Ir, Rb, Se, Tl and Zn. Samples included 7 eucrites, 5 howardites, 2 nakhlites, 2 shergottites, an angrite, and an aubrite. Light and dark portions of the gas-rich meteorites Kapoeta and Pesyanoe were analyzed separately. Nakhlites and shergottites have volatile element abundances similar to those in ocean ridge basalts; eucrites, howardites, and angrites show greater depletions by an order of magnitude and less similar abundance patterns. In terms of a two-component model of planetary accretion, the parent planets contained the following percentages of low-temperature material: eucrites 0.8, nakhlites 38, shergottites 28. Shergottites may be genetically related to L-chondrites. The siderophile element pattern of achondrites resembles that of the moon, but with less extreme depletions.

Laul, J. C.↗

Materials Data on CsAg2(B5O8)3 by Materials Project

CsAg2(B5O8)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–O bond distances ranging from 3.11–3.58 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.87 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.44 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.39 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.40 Å. In the third B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. All B–O bond lengths are 1.49 Å. In the fourth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.35–1.40 Å. In the fifth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.35–1.41 Å. In the sixth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.50 Å. In the seventh B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.40 Å. In the eighth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.39 Å. In the ninth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.37 Å) and one longer (1.39 Å) B–O bond length. In the tenth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.37–1.39 Å. In the eleventh B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.39 Å. In the twelfth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.39 Å. In the thirteenth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.36 Å) and one longer (1.40 Å) B–O bond length. In the fourteenth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.50 Å. In the fifteenth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.35–1.40 Å. In the sixteenth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.46 Å) and two longer (1.52 Å) B–O bond length. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ag1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ag1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ag1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ag1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ag1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ag1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ag1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ag1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ag1+ and two B3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on VAg3HgO4 by Materials Project

VAg3HgO4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. V3+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. All V–O bond lengths are 1.76 Å. There are three inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.47 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.43 Å. In the third Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.49 Å. Hg2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Hg–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.53 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one V3+, two Ag1+, and one Hg2+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OVAg2Hg tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to one V3+, two Ag1+, and one Hg2+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OVAg2Hg tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to one V3+, two Ag1+, and one Hg2+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OVAg2Hg tetrahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one V3+ and three Ag1+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OVAg3 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NpAgSeO5 by Materials Project

NpAgSeO5 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Np5+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Np–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.53 Å. Ag1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.84 Å. Se4+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.72–1.75 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Np5+, one Ag1+, and one Se4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Np5+ and two equivalent Ag1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Se4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Np5+ and three equivalent Ag1+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and one Se4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Effect of Head-Down Bed Rest and Artificial Gravity Countermeasure on Cardiac Autonomic and Advanced Electrocardiographic Function

To study the effects of 21 days of head-down bed rest (HDBR), with versus without an artificial gravity (AG) countermeasure, on cardiac autonomic and advanced electrocardiographic function. Fourteen healthy men participated in the study: seven experienced 21 days of HDBR alone ("HDBR controls") and seven the same degree and duration of HDBR but with approximately 1hr daily short-arm centrifugation as an AG countermeasure ("AG-treated"). Five minute supine high-fidelity 12-lead ECGs were obtained in all subjects: 1) 4 days before HDBR; 2) on the last day of HDBR; and 3) 7 days after HDBR. Besides conventional 12-lead ECG intervals and voltages, all of the following advanced ECG parameters were studied: 1) both stochastic (time and frequency domain) and deterministic heart rate variability (HRV); 2) beat-to-beat QT interval variability (QTV); 3) T-wave morphology, including signal-averaged T-wave residua (TWR) and principal component analysis ratios; 4) other SAECG-related parameters including high frequency QRS ECG and late potentials; and 5) several advanced ECG estimates of left ventricular (LV) mass. The most important results by repeated measures ANOVA were that: 1) Heart rates, Bazett-corrected QTc intervals, TWR, LF/HF power and the alpha 1 of HRV were significantly increased in both groups (i.e., by HDBR), but with no relevant HDBR*group differences; 2) All purely "vagally-mediated" parameters of HRV (e.g., RMSSD, HF power, Poincare SD1, etc.), PR intervals, and also several parameters of LV mass (Cornell and Sokolow-Lyon voltages, spatial ventricular activation times, ventricular gradients) were all significantly decreased in both groups (i.e., by HDBR), but again with no relevant HDBR*group differences); 3) All "generalized" or "vagal plus sympathetic" parameters of stochastic HRV (i.e., SDNN, total power, LF power) were significantly more decreased in the AG-treated group than in the HDBR-only group (i.e., here there was a relevant HDBR*group difference); and 4) QTV index was also significantly more changed (increased) in the AG-treated group than in the HDBR-only group, although this was clearly due to a greater decrease in generalized HRV and not to a greater increase in QTV proper because there was no relevant HDBR*group effect for either the SDNN or the RMSSD of QTV. Brief daily AG treatment by short-arm centrifuge during each of 21 days of HDBR does not appear to protect against HDBR-related losses of cardiac autonomic function or of LV mass as estimated by ECG.

Schlegel, T. T.↗

Accelerator Facilities for Radiation Research

HSRP Goals in Accelerator Use and Development are: 1.Need for ground-based heavy ion and proton facility to understand space radiation effects discussed most recently by NAS/NRC Report (1996). 2. Strategic Program Goals in facility usage and development: -(1) operation of AGS for approximately 600 beam hours/year; (2) operation of Loma Linda University (LLU) proton facility for approximately 400 beam hours/year; (3) construction of BAF facility; and (4) collaborative research at HIMAC in Japan and with other existing or potential international facilities. 3. MOA with LLU has been established to provide proton beams with energies of 40-250 important for trapped protons and solar proton events. 4. Limited number of beam hours available at Brookhaven National Laboratory's (BNL) Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS).

Cucinotta, Francis A.↗