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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Powering the Future: Fusion & Plasmas

This report provides a decade-long vision for the field of fusion energy and plasma science and presents a path to a promising future of new scientific discoveries, industrial applications, and, ultimately, the delivery of fusion energy. We identify critical areas for research and development and prioritize investments to maximize impact. The research community worked for more than a year to develop a wealth of creative ideas designed to accelerate fusion energy and advance plasma science. The effort culminated in the consensus Community Planning Process report. Our work is based heavily on that report, and we extend our sincere gratitude to our colleagues for their efforts. Following the research community’s lead, we worked through consensus to generate this report. Many ideas were heard and were thoughtfully deliberated until a shared view on each issue emerged. This process allowed us to discuss and appreciate our different points of view and come to consensus language. Ultimately, we speak with one voice in conveying a vision for a vibrant program that will bring significant benefit to society.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Diagnostics for PSR Upgrade

This report discusses the diagnostics upgrade plan for the PSR. The PSR diagnostics under discussion include beam position and phase monitor (BPPM), wirescanners, wall current monitors, bunch shape monitors, laser notchers, and diamond array detectors. Existing diagnostics at the PSR include beam position monitors (BPM), a wirescanner, and a wall current monitor. All existing diagnostics need modernization, as part of the PSR upgrade plan. Meanwhile, we will introduce minor changes to improve the existing setups, which will enhance the performance and the longevity of the diagnostics equipment and components in the upgraded PSR operation. On the other hand, new, advanced, and available diagnostic technologies at a high technology readiness level (TRL) can also be considered for implementation for the PSR upgrade. In this note, we go through all types of diagnostics, introducing their basic principle, operating status, and plans for the PSR upgrade.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

805 Stepped Plan Project Description

The 805 MHz system utilizes 1.25 MW class klystron amplifiers. The Solid-State Amplifier (SSA) technology has been utilized in the SC accelerator technology, but more powerful sources are needed for use in the NC accelerator facilities such as LASNCE. The SSA topologies that are widely used need to be scaled and tested for reliability and operation in a high impact accelerator facility, such as the 805 MHz SCCL in Los Alamos. Operational experience with high power SSA needs to be assessed prior to installation of an SSA unit at LANSCE. The RFE group at LANSCE is looking for collaboration in the development of the Solid-State Amplifier.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Reverse Engineering Richmond Eyebolts [Slides]

The Richmond Eyebolt Lift Fixture system is used to move older styles of concrete shield blocks here at LANSCE. Blocks can weigh anywhere from 1.8 to 18 tons. It consists of the eyebolt itself and a steel insert that is cast into the block. Eyebolts come in 2-inch or 1&1/2-inch sizes. The lifting capacity of the 1-1/2-inch is 23,000 lbs and the 2-inch is 30,000 lbs.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Modeling LANSCE Line D and RI Beamlines in Elegant and Impact-T

This technical report describes models in Elegant and Impact-T of two LANSCE high-energy beamlines: LineD and Ring Injection. These two beamlines transport the 800 MeV H- beam from the exit of the 805 MHz Linac to the entrance of the PSR. Computer models of all LANSCE high-energy beamlines exist in Transport but include a limited model of the space charge forces. A motivation for using Elegant as an optional beam dynamics code is that the existing model of the PSR is in Elegant, therefore enabling the modeling of the full beam injection scheme. Also, Elegant is a modern code being used by a large accelerator physics community which makes the calculation results more reliable. The drawback is that Elegant has also a limited space charge force model. Therefore, we have opted to include the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code Impact-T as an alternate beam dynamics code to verify the Elegant calculations. We will use the new Line D and RI models to study beam halo in the transport leading into the PSR, and to evaluate collimation schemes as part of the PSR upgrade. The new models can also be readily used in support of other LANSCE activities.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Beam Optics Studies for Larger Beampipe Diameters for the LAMP-PSR

The proposed beampipe diameter increase of the PSR beamlines for the LAMP PSR upgrade is expected decrease beam loss due to tuning errors and misalignment. However, a larger beampipe diameter would require increasing the pole-to-pole gap height within all magnets in the PSR (dipole gap, quadrupole bore, etc.). This would in turn affect the extent and profile of the fringe fields at the ends of the magnets, altering the effective length of the magnets and thus the magnetic optics. In this work, we used the simulation code MAD-X to model the PSR lattice for different beampipe diameters. The results of these simulations will be later used to benchmark particle simulations using the code pyORBIT. The MAD-X simulations are described, and the simulation results are discussed in this technote.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

PARMELA simulation of Line-A beamline

This is a short re-work of the previously accomplished simulations, using PARMELA code package. This exercise was done primarily for increase of fidelity and re-formulating the given task for a different beam dynamics (BD) code. The performed simulations showed very good agreement with the abovementioned simulations and confirm the previously produced results with the BEAMPATH code.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Improving Longitudinal Impedance of Inductive Inserts

Space charge compensation is essential to keeping the beam inside a ring such as PSR in the desired bunch form. The space charges of the ring will lead to the beam debunching, and the most prominent form of compensation for this is the use of RF to bunch the ring back. It has long been known however, that the impedance presented to the beam by its space charge could be compensated by a passive component. Such a passive component has been in use in PSR since 2000, but upgrading it could greatly improve the capabilities of the PSR. Additionally, the inserts presently used would require updating to match any changes in the beam pipe, both mechanically and to increase the space charge compensation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis in Pressurized Helium Gas Cooling Channels

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is working with NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes (NMR) on their efforts to produce Mo-99 from the irradiation of Mo-100 targets. The NMR target consists of an Inconel window that allows the electron beam to penetrate and irradiate a stack of Mo-100 disks. The irradiation process generates large amounts of heat and is cooled using pressurized helium gas flowing at 400 g/s. LANL provides both numerical analysis support and experimental support. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis are performed on the NMR target to analyze the helium flow and volumetric heating through the NMR system. In this iteration of numerical analysis, we update the Mo-100 disk thickness to 0.74 mm and the gap between the Inconel window and the first disk to 0.69 mm. Estimates of the heat flux from the electron beams from Monte Carlo N-Particle code (MCNP) analysis were combined with CFD to perform the CHT analysis. The pressure drop through the targets, force applied on the first disk, beam window and target disk temperatures are some of the quantities estimated using the simulations. The pressure drop through the target was estimated as 0.198 MPa, while the force due to venturi effects across the first disk was estimated to be 100 N. The results show maximum window temperatures over 600 °C and peak disk temperatures over 1600 °C. Past work has shown that beyond 650-700 °C, the Inconel window becomes susceptible to yield and rupture. The increased temperature in these results reduces the margin of error possible on beam spot size. The disk temperatures showed a sinusoidal distribution with the 6 th – 8 th disk from each window exhibiting highest disk temperatures. The peak temperature of the stainless steel housing was close to 316 °C and that of the laminations and spacers was approximately 582 °C.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Window Cooling Studies using Pulsed Beam Heating

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is working with NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes (NMR) on their efforts to produce Mo-99 through the irradiation of Mo-100 using electron accelerators. Two electron accelerators are used to irradiate a double sided target. LANL collaborates with NMR to experimentally investigate beam effects on the target which consists of two Inconel 718 windows on either side of a stack of Mo-100 disks. LANL simulates the beam heating using an induction heater.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Flow Induced Vibration Studies in Pressurized Helium Gas Cooling Channels

Production of metastable Technetium-99 (Tc-99m), a radioactive tracer that emits gamma rays, is vital to the medical imaging community. Tc-99m is extracted from the decay of Molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) which has a half-life of about 2-3 days. The work presented in this report is part of the NNSA’s mission to produce Mo-99 commercially, within the US, without the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in support of nonproliferation and global security. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is working with NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes (NMR) on their efforts to produce Mo-99 through the irradiation of Mo-100 targets using an electron beam. The NMR target comprises a stack of approximately 60-70 Mo-100 disks with diameter 24 mm and thickness 0.74 mm held in stainless steel laminations, each separated using 0.25 mm thick stainless steel spacers. The symmetric target stack is housed in an Inconel vessel with two Inconel windows on either side. Two electron accelerators are used to produce 40 MeV, 3.16 µA electron beams each that penetrate the Inconel windows and irradiate the Mo-100 disks. Approximately 90% of the total 250 kW beam power is deposited in the NMR target during the irradiation process. During irradiation, pressurized helium gas flows through 0.25 mm thin gaps between the disks cooling the beam window, target disks, disk laminations and spacers. Both NMR and LANL have found during cold testing of the target system (no heat deposition) that the Mo-100 disks undergo significant mass loss and disk breakage due to vibrations induced by the flowing helium gas. The mass loss is not only undesirable due to monetary loss from reduced final quantities of Mo-99, but also due to the hazards associated with radioactive material trapped in the cooling lines and particle filters. The effect of flow rate and target geometry on the flow induced vibrations need to be quantified, and recommendations provided to minimize this mass loss. This work describes LANL’s experimental characterization of the flow induced vibrations and disk mass loss in a reduced scale set-up containing 10 Mo-100 disks. We use high speed imaging, displacement measurements and microphone measurements combined with signal processing to estimate the vibration frequency of each disk. The effect of disk thickness, target fit and duration of testing on the mass loss is described. We find that in the current configuration of NMR targets, the vibrations and mass loss on the first disk are minimized, while those in the adjacent disks are highest. The microphone and high-speed image data show that increased flow rates and increased duration of testing increases vibration frequency and mass loss. The mass loss is due to both disk rotation and back and forth motion. There are visible wear marks on the disks with the highest mass loss. We also note that the current NMR window gap reduces flow induced vibrations compared to the previous smaller gaps. Longer duration testing will provide more data and verification for the findings presented in this report. The work will be continued in FY 24.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Flow Measurements in Pressurized Helium Gas Cooling Channels: Rev. 1

Compressed helium gas is used to cool the NorthStar Medical Radioisotope (NMR) target system, also called the trident, chosen due to its superior heat transfer capabilities and its inability to react with Molybdenum-100 (Mo-100) during irradiation. To test the housing and NMR target stack at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), two sets of helium gas flow loop facilities have been set-up and tested. One system is used for bench-top experiments to systematically investigate individual components of the NMR target, and the other, larger system is more representative of the system at NMR and is used for testing the full NMR target stack.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Area-A Options Cost Estimate Report

Five options for re-establishing various configurations of beam to LANSCE Area A were considered. Bottoms up cost estimates to implement three of the options were developed. The two options not costed were considered too complex and too expensive compared with the other options based on their relative benefits to experimental programs at LANSCE.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

LANSCE Accelerator Modernization Project (LAMP) Overview [Slides]

LANSCE is based on a high-current 800 MeV proton accelerator capable of delivering 1 MW of beam power to the central target area. The LANSCE accelerator provides beam simultaneously to 5 separate experimental areas. LANSCE operates with 650 µs RF macro pulses at 120 Hz. Within this macro pulse several different beam timing patterns are utilized. LANSCE also accelerates H + and H – simultaneously. LANSCE celebrated 50 years of beam delivery in 2022.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Hydrogen Shot Technology Assessment: Thermal Conversion Approaches

In July 2021 the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) launched the first of a series of Department-wide Energy Earthshot™ goals designed to accelerate breakthroughs of more abundant, affordable, and reliable clean energy solutions within the decade. The Hydrogen Shot goal seeks to reduce the cost of clean hydrogen to $\$$1 per 1 kilogram in 1 decade ("1 1 1"). Today, thermal conversion of fossil fuels represents the predominant, lowest cost method of hydrogen production. In 2020 approximately 75 percent of global, dedicated hydrogen production was produced via fossil fuels using thermal conversion approaches such as steam reforming and gasification. However, carbon management techniques such as CO 2 capture and sequestration (CCS) and pyrolysis are not widely represented in the current fossil-based hydrogen production fleet. Lowering the cost of clean hydrogen production from commercial and advanced thermal conversion-based technologies is critical for successfully achieving the Hydrogen Shot goal. This report presents the findings from an initial screening analysis of several scenarios that explore cost drivers related to clean hydrogen production. The screening encompasses commercially available and developing thermal conversion technology alternatives as well as factors exogenous to the plant such as feedstock/byproduct pricing, CO 2 pipeline and storage infrastructure costs, and scale to assess potential pathways towards meeting the Hydrogen Shot goal. Additionally, this report presents initial Research and Development (R&D) strategies to advance thermal conversion technology towards meeting the Hydrogen Shot™ goal.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2023

Diagnostics for measuring 4D beam matrix [Slides]

Detailed knowledge on the particle distribution in accelerators can strongly benefit machine tuning and understanding of deleterious effects, which degrade beam quality. Properties of the beam downstream the beamline (i.e. 4D beam matrix) depend on beam properties upstream and parameters of the beamline. Measuring 2D x-y beam profile downstream provides limited information about the beam. Multiple measurements at different settings of the beamline (quadrupole scan) may provide enough information to recover original beam profile. Essentially, this concept is similar to tomography, when we need to reconstruct a higher dimension object from multiple low dimension projections.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗