Extreme weather and electricity markets: Key lessons from the February 2021 Texas crisis
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Levin, Todd (ORCID:0000000304694276)↗
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Results for “2021”
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Inversion of dynamical Bragg intensities to complex structure factors by iterated projections. For Ultramic. 2020. ("Pico" Festschrift, May 2021)
We discuss a method for recovering complex structure factors from many simultaneously excited Bragg beam intensities is described. The method is applied to simulated transmission electron diffraction data over a wide range of crystal thickness and beam energies. The method is based on iterated projections between structure and scattering matrices, which are related by a matrix unitary transformation, exponential, which we invert. The algorithm removes multiple-scattering perturbations from diffraction data and might be extended to other fields, including X-ray and neutron diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy. Because coherent multiple scattering involves interference between Bragg beams, the method also solves the phase problem. Unlike dynamical inversion from electron microscope images or ptychography data, the method, which starts with Bragg beam intensities, provides complex structure factors unaffected by focusing errors or resolution limitations imposed by lenses. We provide inversions from simulated data with 441 simultaneously excited Bragg beams over a range of thickness and beam energy. We discuss the retrieval of chirality information from enantiomorphs, the efficient incorporation of symmetry information using the irreducible representation of the group of structure matrices, and the effect of HOLZ lines to provide three-dimensional information.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Corrigendum to “Heat shock induces the nuclear accumulation of YAP1 via SRC” [Exp. Cell Res. 399 (1) (2021 Feb 1) 112439]
No abstract prepared.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
Erratum to “Modulation of Akt vs Stat3 activity by the focal adhesion kinase in non-neoplastic mouse fibroblasts” [Exp. Cell Res. 404 (1) (2021) 112601]
No abstract prepared.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
Corrigendum to “RNA binding protein DAZAP1 promotes HCC progression and regulates ferroptosis by interacting with SLC7A11 mRNA” [Exp. Cell Res. 399 (1) (1 February 2021) 112453]
No abstract prepared.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
Using Multiscale Ethane/Methane Observations to Attribute Coal Mine Vent Emissions in the San Juan Basin From 2013 to 2021
Abstract Source attribution of natural gas emissions from fossil fuels in New Mexico's San Juan Basin (SJB) is challenging due to source heterogeneity and emissions transience. We demonstrate that ethane (C 2 H 6 ) to methane (CH 4 ) mixing ratios can identify and separate sources over different scales using various measurement techniques. We report simultaneous CH 4 and C 2 H 6 observations near a coal mine vent and oil and gas (O&G) emission sources using ground‐based in situ measurements in 2020/2021. During these campaigns, we observed a stable coal vent C 2 H 6 :CH 4 ratio of 1.28% ± 0.11%, discernibly different than nearby O&G source ratios ranging from 0.9% to 16.8%. We analyze airborne observations of the SJB taken in 2014/2015 that exhibit similar coal vent ratios and further show the region's heterogeneity. We identify episodic O&G sources, including a gas plant source detected in 2014/2015 that is absent in our 2020/2021 data. We examine total column observations of C 2 H 6 and CH 4 made in 2013 with a solar spectrometer and find a C 2 H 6 :CH 4 ratio of 1.3% ± 0.4% for the coal vent. The stable and unique coal vent ratio relative to other O&G sources in the region is used to demonstrate that consistent attribution is possible using various measurement methods at multiple scales across many years. Finally, we demonstrate that using C 2 H 6 as a proxy for fossil CH 4 inversions can inform detailed basin‐scale inversions, provided we understand source specific changes in the C 2 H 6 :CH 4 ratio like we report in the SJB.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Rapid intensification of the emerging southwestern North American megadrought in 2020–2021
Not provided.
Environmental Sciences & Ecology↗
The 2021 update of the EPA’s adverse outcome pathway database
The EPA developed the Adverse Outcome Pathway Database (AOP-DB) to better characterize adverse outcomes of toxicological interest that are relevant to human health and the environment. Here we present the most recent version of the EPA Adverse Outcome Pathway Database (AOP-DB), version 2. AOP-DB v.2 introduces several substantial updates, which include automated data pulls from the AOP-Wiki 2.0, the integration of tissue-gene network data, and human AOP-gene data by population, semantic mapping and SPARQL endpoint creation, in addition to the presentation of the first publicly available AOP-DB web user interface. Potential users of the data may investigate specific molecular targets of an AOP, the relation of those gene/protein targets to other AOPs, cross-species, pathway, or disease-AOP relationships, or frequencies of AOP-related functional variants in particular populations, for example. Version updates described herein help inform new testable hypotheses about the etiology and mechanisms underlying adverse outcomes of environmental and toxicological concern.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
Newly reconstructed Arctic surface air temperatures for 1979–2021 with deep learning method
A precise Arctic surface air temperature (SAT) dataset, that is regularly updated, has more complete spatial and temporal coverage, and is based on instrumental observations, is critically important for timely monitoring and improving understanding of the rapid change in the Arctic climate. In this study, a new monthly gridded Arctic SAT dataset dated back to 1979 was reconstructed with a deep learning method by combining surface air temperatures from multiple data sources. The source data include the observations from land station of GHCN (Global Historical Climatology Network), ICOADS (International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) over the oceans, drifting ice station of Russian NP (North Pole), and buoys of IABP (International Arctic Buoy Programme). The last two are crucial for improving the representation of the in-situ observed temperatures within the Arctic. The newly reconstructed dataset includes monthly Arctic SAT beginning in 1979 and daily Arctic SAT beginning in 2011. This dataset would represent a new improvement in developing observational temperature datasets and can be used for a variety of applications.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Testing NeuralGCM's capability to simulate future heatwaves based on the 2021 Pacific Northwest heatwave event
AI-based weather and climate models are emerging as accurate and computationally efficient tools. Beyond weather forecasting, they also show promise to accelerate storyline analyses. We evaluate NeuralGCM’s ability to simulate an extreme heatwave against the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), a physics-based climate model. NeuralGCM accurately replicates the targeted event, and generates stable and realistic mid-century projections. However, due to the absence of land feedbacks, NeuralGCM underestimates the projected warming amplitude compared to physics-based model references.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Response to “Comment on ‘Theory of Alfvén-slow frequency gaps and discovery of Alfvén-slow eigenmodes in tokamaks’” [Phys. Plasmas 28, 074701, (2021)]
Abstract not provided.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Erratum: “Adiabatic matching of particle bunches in a plasma-based accelerator in the presence of ion motion” [Phys. Plasmas 28 , 053102 (2021)]
We would like to correct an error affecting the horizontal scale of panels (c) and (d) of Fig. 4 in Ref. 1. A scale factor of k p was neglected when generating the plots. The correct figure is shown below. Further, the authors would like to thank Yujian Zhao for pointing out this issue. We would also like to correct a typo introduced during the preparation of the proofs and affecting Eq. (25); the correct equation reads. (Formula presented). All the conclusions of the paper are unaffected.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Gene expression for biodosimetry and effect prediction purposes: promises, pitfalls and future directions – key session ConRad 2021
In a nuclear or radiological event, an early diagnostic or prognostic tool is needed to distinguish unexposed from low- and highly exposed individuals with the latter requiring early and intensive medical care. Radiation-induced gene expression (GE) changes observed within hours and days after irradiation have shown potential to serve as biomarkers for either dose reconstruction (retrospective dosimetry) or the prediction of consecutively occurring acute or chronic health effects. The advantage of GE markers lies in their capability for early (1–3 days after irradiation), high-throughput, and point-of-care (POC) diagnosis required for the prediction of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS).
61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
The 23rd National School on Neutron & X-Ray Scattering 2021—Virtual School with Remote Experiments
The National School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering (NXS) has been a yearly “institution” for North American graduate students interested in neutron and X-ray scattering since its inception 23 years ago. For the second year in a row, it was forced to go virtual. Nevertheless, the aim was to include user experiments and maximize interactions in this second virtual iteration rather than simply repeat the lecture series of the first virtual iteration. In this paper, we share our newly adopted methods and experiences.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗