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At least 397 records · Page 22

Observation of a Near-Threshold Proton Resonance in 11 B

A near-threshold proton resonance in 11 B at 𝐸 ex = 11.44 ± 0.04 MeV is observed via the reaction 10 Be⁢(𝑑,𝑛)⁢ 11 B → 10 Be + 𝑝 in inverse kinematics, measured with a beam of the radioactive isotope 10 Be. The resonance energy at 𝐸 res = 211⁢(40) keV is consistent with a proton signal observed by Ayyad et al. in the 𝛽-delayed proton decay of 11 Be. By comparison to a distorted wave Born approximation calculation, a 0.27(6) spectroscopic factor is extracted and a tentative (ℓ = 0) character is assigned for this resonance. The significant cross section in the proton-transfer (𝑑,𝑛) reaction, as well as the observation of its proton-decay signal, point to the threshold-resonance character of this state. The position of this state, its structure, and strong coupling to the 𝑠-wave continuum represent an ideal case to study quantum near-threshold many-body dynamics of unstable states. In conclusion, the presence of this state is an important step toward understanding the excessively large beta-delayed proton-decay branch of 11 Be.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Structural Chirality of Polar Skyrmions Probed by Resonant Elastic X-Ray Scattering

An escalating challenge in condensed-matter research is the characterization of emergent orderparameter nanostructures such as ferroelectric and ferromagnetic skyrmions. Their small length scales coupled with complex, three-dimensional polarization or spin structures makes them demanding to trace out fully. Resonant elastic x-ray scattering (REXS) has emerged as a technique to study chirality in spin textures such as skyrmions and domain walls. It has, however, been used to a considerably lesser extent to study analogous features in ferroelectrics. Here, in this study, we present a framework for modeling REXS from an arbitrary arrangement of charge quadrupole moments, which can be applied to nanostructures in materials such as ferroelectrics. With this, we demonstrate how extended reciprocal space scans using REXS with circularly polarized x rays can probe the three-dimensional structure and chirality of polar skyrmions. Measurements, bolstered by quantitative scattering calculations, show that polar skyrmions of mixed chirality coexist, and that REXS allows valuation of relative fractions of right- and left-handed skyrmions. Our quantitative analysis of the structure and chirality of polar skyrmions highlights the capability of REXS for establishing complex topological structures toward future application exploits.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

In situ characterization of metastable Pb3O5 and Pb2O3 phases during thermal decomposition of PbO2 to PbO

Nonstoichiometric lead oxides play a key role in the formation and cycling of the positive electrodes in a lead acid battery. These phases have been linked to the underutilization of the positive active material but also play a key role in the battery’s cycle life, providing inter-particle adhesion and the connection to the underlying lead grid. Similar phases have previously been identified by mass loss or color change during thermal annealing of PbO2 to PbO, suggesting that at least two intermediate PbOx phases exist. Using multiple in situ analysis techniques (powder diffraction, x-ray absorption, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and ex situ nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, the structural conversion and changes in the lead oxidation states were identified during this process. Isolation of the PbOx phases enabled confirmation of Pb3O5 and Pb2O3 by diffraction and the first 207Pb NMR measurement of these intermediates.

Kinnibrugh, Tiffany L.↗

Ion mobilities with charge exchange

Resonance charge exchange effect on gaseous ions mobility, noting cross sections structure due to resonance and wave interference

Heiche, G.↗

An OVERVIEW of MICROPHONICS in CEBAF and CURRENT MODERATION TECHNIQUES

Superconducting RF (SRF) structures are susceptible to frequency detuning from external vibrations and modal mechanical resonances in the structure. These small disturbances, known as microphonics, require additional RF power in CW accelerating structures since the frequency is constantly shifting. In the Jefferson Lab CEBAF accelerator, time and frequency data of this frequency shift have been recorded for many years, allowing a retrospective analysis of different microphonics-mitigation techniques. Some of these techniques are specific to the design of each CEBAF cryomodule, for example implementing BNNT damping material on the cavity string. Other techniques are universal such as affixing vacuum lines and reinforcing waveguide structures.

Powers, Tom↗

Efficient ultrathin all-dielectric nonlinear optical device

An apparatus and method are provided for generating harmonic light from a pump beam that is impinged on a metasurface comprising a plurality of all-dielectric resonator bodies. A multiple quantum well structure formed in each resonator body includes asymmetric coupled quantum wells having intersubband transition frequencies that couple to Mie resonances of the resonator bodies.

Sarma, Raktim↗

Global Data-Driven Determination of Baryon Transition Form Factors

Hadronic resonances emerge from strong interactions encoding the dynamics of quarks and gluons. The structure of these resonances can be probed by virtual photons parametrized in transition form factors. Here, in this study, twelve N* and Δ transition form factors at the pole are extracted from data with the center-of-mass energy from πN threshold to 1.8 GeV, and the photon virtuality 0 ≤ Q 2 /GeV 2 ≤ 8. For the first time, these results are determined from a simultaneous analysis of more than one state, i.e., ~10 5 π⁢N, η⁢N, and K⁢Λ electroproduction data. In addition, about 5×10 4 data in the hadronic sector as well as photoproduction serve as boundary conditions. For the Δ⁡(1232) and N⁡(1440) states our results are in qualitative agreement with previous studies, while the transition form factors at the poles of some higher excited states are estimated for the first time. Realistic uncertainties are determined by further exploring the parameter space.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Characterize and control the multi-range structure of solution-phase systems with resonant x-ray scattering

This work aims at demonstrating the feasibility and impact of Anomalous X-ray Scattering (AXS) in characterizing the multi-range structures of solution-state systems. We will show preliminary investigation of long-range correlations in concentrated aqueous electrolytes with a combination of AXS and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We will also start exploring the capability of AXS to capture intra- and inter-molecular structure of dilute molecular systems, and specifically its sensitivity to the chemical environment surrounding active metal sites. We anticipate that the development of this method will help us to understand ion solvation and transport, which affect the performances of, for instance, electrocatalytic cells, as well as to identify/control the intrinsic structural factors that lead to selectivity, efficiency, and stability control during catalysis.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Intermediate energy physics, volume II

Conference on pion and nucleon scattering - phase shift analyses, nucleon-nucleon scattering and polarization effects, neutron-proton interaction and resonance, and nuclear structures

NUCLEON-NUCLEON SCATTERING↗

Damping of structural vibrations with piezoelectric materials and passive electrical networks

The possibility of dissipating mechanical energy with piezoelectric material shunted with passive electrical circuits is investigated. The effective mechanical impedance for the piezoelectric element shunted by an arbitrary circuit is derived. The shunted piezoelectric is shown to possess frequency dependent stiffness and loss factor which are also dependent on the shunting circuit. The generally shunted model is specialized for two shunting circuits: the case of a resistor alone and that of a resistor and inductor. For resistive shunting, the material properties exhibit frequency dependence similar to viscoelastic materials, but are much stiffer and more independent of temperature. Shunting with a resistor and inductor introduces an electrical resonance, which can be optimally tuned to structural resonances in a manner analogous to a mechanical vibration arsorber. Techniques for analyzing systems which incorporate these shunting cases are presented and applied to a cantilevered beam experiment. The experimental results for both the resistive and resonant shunting circuits validate the shunted piezoelectric damping models.

Hagood, N. W.↗

Strong QCD Insights from Excited Nucleon Structure Studies with CLAS and CLAS12

Studies of the spectrum of hadrons and their structure in experiments with electromagnetic probes offer unique insight into many facets of the strong interaction in the regime of large quark-gluon running coupling, i.e. the regime of strong QCD. The experimental program within Hall B at Jefferson Laboratory based on data acquired with the CLAS spectrometer using electron and photon beams with energies up to 6 GeV has already considerably extended the scope of research in hadron physics in joint efforts between experiment and phenomenological data analysis. Impressive progress in relating the hadron structure observables inferred from the data to the strong QCD mechanisms underlying hadron mass generation has been achieved in the past decade. Furthermore, these results will be considerably extended with data from the experimental program with the new CLAS12 spectrometer that has begun data taking using electron beams with energies up to 11 GeV. With this extended kinematic reach the structure of nucleon resonances will be probed at the highest photon virtualities ever achieved in the studies of exclusive electroproduction, which will allow for the exploration of the distance scale where>98% of light hadron mass emerges from QCD in the transition of the strong interaction from the regime of quark-gluon confinement to perturbative QCD.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Banded Structures in Electron Pitch Angle Diffusion Coefficients from Resonant Wave Particle Interactions

Electron pitch angle (D (alpha)) and momentum (D(pp)) diffusion coefficients have been calculated due to resonant interactions with electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) and whistler mode chorus waves. Calculations have been performed at two spatial locations L = 4.6 and 6.8 for electron energies 10 keV. Landau (n = 0) resonance and cyclotron harmonic resonances n = +/-1, +/-2,...+/-5 have been included in the calculations. It is found that diffusion coefficient versus pitch angle (alpha) profiles show large dips and oscillations or banded structures. The structures are more pronounced for ECH and lower band chorus (LBC) and particularly at location 4.6. Calculations of diffusion coefficients have also been performed for individual resonances. It is noticed that the main contribution of ECH waves in pitch angle diffusion coefficient is due to resonances n = +1 and n = +2. A major contribution to momentum diffusion coefficients appears from n = +2. However, the banded structures in D alpha and Dpp coefficients appear only in the profile of diffusion coefficients for n = +2. The contribution of other resonances to diffusion coefficients is found to be, in general, quite small or even negligible. For LBC and upper band chorus waves, the banded structures appear only in Landau resonance. The Dpp diffusion coefficient for ECH waves is one to two orders smaller than D alpha coefficients. For chorus waves, Dpp coefficients are about an order of magnitude smaller than D alpha coefficients for the case n does not = 0. In case of Landau resonance, the values of Dpp coefficient are generally larger than the values of D alpha coefficients particularly at lower energies. As an aid to the interpretation of results, we have also determined the resonant frequencies. For ECH waves, resonant frequencies have been estimated for wave normal angle 89 deg and harmonic resonances n = +1, +2, and +3, whereas for whistler mode waves, the frequencies have been calculated for angle 10 deg and Landau resonance. Further, in ECH waves, the banded structures appear for electron energies (is) greater than1 keV, and for whistler mode chorus waves, structures appear for energies greater than 2 keV at L = 4.6 and above 200 eV for L = 6.8. The results obtained in the present work will be helpful in the study of diffusion curves and will have important consequences for diffuse aurora and pancake distributions.

diffusion↗

Ground/Flight Correlation of Aerodynamic Loads with Structural Response

United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) ground tests at the NASA Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT) and NASA flight tests provide a basis and methodology for in-flight characterization of the aeroelastic performance through the monitoring of the fluid-structure interaction using surface flow sensors. NASA NF-15B flight tests provided a unique opportunity to test the correlation of aerodynamic loads with sectional flow attachment/detachment points, also known as flow bifurcation points (FBPs), as observed in previous wind tunnel tests. The NF-15B tail was instrumented with hot-film sensors and strain gages for measuring root-bending strains. These data were gathered via selected sideslip maneuvers performed at level flight and subsonic speeds. The aerodynamic loads generated by the sideslip maneuver resulted in root-bending strains and hot-film sensor signals near the stagnation region that were highly correlated. For the TDT tests, a flexible wing section developed under the AFRL SensorCraft program was instrumented with strain gages, accelerometers, and hot-film sensors at multiple span stations. The TDT tests provided data showing a gradual phase change between the FBP and the structural mode occurred during a resonant condition as the wings structural modes were excited by the tunnel-generated gusts.

Mangalam, Arun S.↗