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At least 397 records · Page 22

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2022

Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon and Silica for Effective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Magnet Scrap

The dependence on international supplies of rare earth elements (REEs) has prompted the US to explore alternative sources and sustainable technologies for domestic REE production. One potential source is the secondary electronic and industrial wastes across the US. These hazardous wastes require high costs for the maintenance and remediation, while their high-REE contents offer unique opportunities for REE recovery. However, current hydrometallurgical technologies for REE extraction are energy intensive and costly, with low REE recovery efficiency and the generation of hazardous secondary wastes. Thus, it is beneficial to develop environmentally friendly technologies for REE extraction from the secondary wastes. This project aims to develop novel functionalized mesoporous carbon fiber (MCF) and silica materials for effective recovery of REEs from NdFeB magnet scrap.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2024

Large-Volume Stimulation of Rock for Greatly Enhanced Fluids Recovery using Targeted Seismic-Assisted Hydraulic Fracturing (Final Technical Report)

This project has developed and demonstrated a new technology for large-volume and targeted comminution of rock in low permeability formations to enhance recovery from unconventional oil and gas (UOG) resources. The technology is based on a strategically designed interaction of multiple induced seismic pulses that assist the hydraulic fracturing process to enhance shear and multi-planar crack formation. This greatly increased rock stimulation, through bulk comminution, is expected to cause significant increase in permeability leading to enhancement of recovery factors for sub- surface fluids. The proposed technology is especially applicable for enhanced recovery in emerging UOG plays, such as ductile shales that are resistant to opening-mode fracturing by conventional hydraulic fracturing processes. The project combines an integrated experimental and computation approach to develop and demonstrate a modular technology that can be easily implement in the field to augment current practices. The effort integrates a fundamental scientific understanding of dynamic material response under constraint and damage-induced permeability and porosity enhancements at multiple length scales, along with models of comminution due to the local release of kinetic energy associated with high shear strain rate of dynamic deformation. The results will be validated through small-scale experiments and then implemented in a lab-scale field test to demonstrate the developed technology. The project involves collaboration between a solid mechanician, a materials scientist, and a petroleum engineering geo-mechanician. It builds on a successful history of success and collaboration that includes both fundamental scientific exploration and technology development.

04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Direct Air Capture Recovery of Energy for CCUS Partnership (DAC RECO 2 UP) Final Technical Report

The “Direct Air Capture Recovery of Energy for CCUS Partnership (DAC RECO 2 UP)” project employs a team approach and supports the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management’s (DOE-FECM) goal to decrease the cost of capture through the testing of existing direct air capture (DAC) materials in integrated field units that produce a concentrated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) stream of at least 95% purity. Solid-amine CO 2 adsorption-desorption contactor technology, proven in the laboratory, is undergoing high-fidelity design/validation. Recoverable energy is readily available from a large number of commercial locations where DAC can be deployed; therefore, advancing the fidelity of energy recovery to directly reduce the cost of DAC is a key project objective. In addition, many commercial facilities have low-concentration CO 2 vents that are uneconomical to treat alone but could provide more efficient mass and thermal transport to DAC systems with integrated energy recovery and flexible CO 2 treatment capabilities. Technology scale-up leverages past research and occurs in a commercially relevant environment at the National Carbon Capture Center. Prescreening techno-economic analysis, risk assessments, and life cycle analysis are being performed by experienced team members. Results of the project will address critical technical barriers that, when solved, will improve the capital and operating costs of DAC while validating commercial relevance of cost and product quality/need.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Crossing the Finish Line: Integration of Data-Driven Process Control for Maximization of Energy and Resource Efficiency in Advanced Water Resource Recovery Facilities

Improvements in process monitoring and control at water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) could result in reductions in electricity consumption, chemical inputs, and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as improved energy recovery. Many current WRRF data collection, monitoring, and control approaches use 20th century process monitoring and control systems, which require large design safety factors to ensure reliability in the absence of more advanced, precise controls. Implementation of more modern data-driven control tools could lead to more efficient operations that provide intrinsic reliability with better overall process performance at full-scale. This project (1) developed and demonstrated data-driven process controls at full-scale facilities for five promising WRRF process technologies that provide whole-plant approaches and offer substantial energy and resource recovery benefits, and (2) created a Machine Learning (ML) Toolkit and an implementation guide of new process control approaches that walks users through each step of the ML workflow and illustrates the steps through case study examples.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

Protein Extraction, Precipitation, and Recovery from Chlorella sorokiniana Using Mechanochemical Methods

Protein extraction, precipitation, and recovery methods were evaluated by this study using a green alga—Chlorella sorokiniana. A mechanochemical cell disruption process was applied to facilitate protein extraction from microalgal biomass. Optimization of the mechanochemical process resulted in milling conditions that achieved a protein extraction of 52.7 ± 6.45%. The consequent acid precipitation method was optimized to recover 98.7% of proteins from the microalgal slurry. The measured protein content of the protein isolate was 41.4% w/w. These results indicate that the precipitation method is successful at recovering the extracted proteins in the algal slurry; however, the removal of non-protein solids during centrifugation and pH adjustment is not complete. The energy balance analysis elucidated that the energy demand of the protein extraction and recovery operation, at 0.83 MJ/kg dry algal biomass, is much lower than previous studies using high-pressure homogenization and membrane filtration. This study concludes that mechanochemical protein extraction and recovery is an effective, low-energy processing method, which could be used by algal biorefineries to prepare algal proteins for value-added chemical production as well as to make algal carbohydrates and lipids in the residual biomass more accessible for biofuel production.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2020

Phloem Exudate Protein Profiles during Drought and Recovery Reveal Abiotic Stress Responses in Tomato Vasculature

Drought is the leading cause of agricultural yield loss among all abiotic stresses, and the link between water deficit and phloem protein contents is relatively unexplored. Here we collected phloem exudates from Solanum lycopersicum leaves during periods of drought stress and recovery. Our analysis identified 2558 proteins, the most abundant of which were previously localized to the phloem. Independent of drought, enrichment analysis of the total phloem exudate protein profiles from all samples suggests that the protein content of phloem sap is complex, and includes proteins that function in chaperone systems, branched-chain amino acid synthesis, trehalose metabolism, and RNA silencing. We observed 169 proteins whose abundance changed significantly within the phloem sap, either during drought or recovery. Proteins that became significantly more abundant during drought include members of lipid metabolism, chaperone-mediated protein folding, carboxylic acid metabolism, abscisic acid signaling, cytokinin biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Conversely, proteins involved in lipid signaling, sphingolipid metabolism, cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase are decreased during drought. Our experiment has achieved an in-depth profiling of phloem sap protein contents during drought stress and recovery that supports previous findings and provides new evidence that multiple biological processes are involved in drought adaptation.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS1971

Degradation and recovery mechanisms in lithium-doped solar cells

Several groups of lithium-doped solar cells have been evaluated under 1-MeV electron irradiation. Many of these groups indicated superior electrical output after irradiation and recovery as compared to similarly irradiated n/p solar cells. The superior cells are those with lithium concentrations of 2 to 5 x 10 to the 14th power atoms per cu cm at the junction. An irradiation of lithium-doped cells with 28-MeV electrons indicated a tenfold advantage of lithium-doped cells over n/p cells. Studies of the changes in the lithium concentration during recovery have shown the amounts of lithium reacting is highly nonlinear in regard to the electron fluence and varies greatly with distance from the junction. The results indicate that precipitation of lithium on radiation defects may be the cause of recovery rather than ion pairing.

Downing, R. G.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Booster recovery following premature space shuttle stage separation

Abort criteria necessary to satisfy space shuttle program requirements to include intact vehicle abort capability are discussed. Intact abort implies the ability of the booster and orbiter to separate and both continue flight to a safe landing, with a full payload aboard the orbiter. Obviously, the requirement to separate early along the ascent trajectory presupposes critical operational problems that are probably booster problems and may preclude booster recovery. On the other hand, some critical problems while mated can become manageable when separated and should result in full booster recovery. All critical orbiter problems fall into this category; since stage separation without orbiter thrust is a capability of some separation system concepts, booster stage recovery following separation is a requirement.

Hurley, M. J.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Intermediate water recovery system

A water recovery system for collecting, storing, and processing urine, wash water, and humidity condensates from a crew of three aboard a spacecraft is described. The results of a 30-day test performed on a breadboard system are presented. The intermediate water recovery system produced clear, sterile, water with a 96.4 percent recovery rate from the processed urine. Recommendations for improving the system are included.

Deckman, G.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Ejectable underwater sound source recovery assembly

An underwater sound source is described that may be ejectably mounted on any mobile device that travels over water, to facilitate in the location and recovery of the device when submerged. A length of flexible line maintains a connection between the mobile device and the sound source. During recovery, the sound source is located be particularly useful in the recovery of spent rocket motors that bury in the ocean floor upon impact.

Irick, S. C.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Energy recovery from solid waste. Volume 1: Summary report

A systems analysis of energy recovery from solid waste which demonstrates the feasibility of several processes for converting solid waste to an energy form is presented. The social, legal, environmental, and political factors are considered and recommendations made in regard to legislation and policy. A technical and economic evaluation of available and developing energy-recovery processes is given with emphasis on thermal decomposition and biodegradation. A pyrolysis process is suggested. The use of prepared solid waste as a fuel supplemental to coal is considered to be the most economic process for recovery of energy from solid waste. Markets are discussed with suggestions for improving market conditions and for developing market stability. A decision procedure is given to aid a community in deciding on its options in dealing with solid waste.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1975

Electrostatic field changes and recovery curves produced by Florida lightning

Preliminary data on electric field changes produced by cloud-to-ground lightning and the subsequent field recoveries are presented. Both single-station and multiple-station observations were made. There is large variation in the data: total charge transfers range from 10 to 30 C and beyond, electric-field recovery times vary by a factor of 2 or more, and initial charge heights occur over a large interval. Only distance and angle dependencies are somewhat predictable, and then only in a few cases. Thus the field recovery mechanism is not a simple one.

Jacobson, E. A.↗

NASA NTRS1976

A simulation for gravity fine structure recovery from low-low GRAVSAT SST data

Covariance error analysis techniques were applied to investigate estimation strategies for the low-low SST mission for accurate local recovery of gravitational fine structure, considering the aliasing effects of unsolved for parameters. A 5 degree by 5 degree surface density block representation of the high order geopotential was utilized with the drag-free low-low GRAVSAT configuration in a circular polar orbit at 250 km altitude. Recovery of local sets of density blocks from long data arcs was found not to be feasible due to strong aliasing effects. The error analysis for the recovery of local sets of density blocks using independent short data arcs demonstrated that the estimation strategy of simultaneously estimating a local set of blocks covered by data and two "buffer layers" of blocks not covered by data greatly reduced aliasing errors.

Estes, R. H.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Dynamics of ultralight aircraft: Dive recovery of hang gliders

Longitudinal control of a hang glider by weight shift is not always adequate for recovery from a vertical dive. According to Lanchester's phugoid theory, recovery from rest to horizontal flight ought to be possible within a distance equal to three times the height of fall needed to acquire level flight velocity. A hang glider, having a wing loading of 5 kg sq m and capable of developing a lift coefficient of 1.0, should recover to horizontal flight within a vertical distance of about 12 m. The minimum recovery distance can be closely approached if the glider is equipped with a small all-moveable tail surface having sufficient upward deflection.

Jones, R. T.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Earth recovery mode analysis for a Martian sample return mission

The analysis has concerned itself with evaluating alternative methods of recovering a sample module from a trans-earth trajectory originating in the vicinity of Mars. The major modes evaluated are: (1) direct atmospheric entry from trans-earth trajectory; (2) earth orbit insertion by retropropulsion; and (3) atmospheric braking to a capture orbit. In addition, the question of guided vs. unguided entry vehicles was considered, as well as alternative methods of recovery after orbit insertion for modes (2) and (3). A summary of results and conclusions is presented. Analytical results for aerodynamic and propulsive maneuvering vehicles are discussed. System performance requirements and alternatives for inertial systems implementation are also discussed. Orbital recovery operations and further studies required to resolve the recovery mode issue are described.

Green, J. P.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Recovery of skeletal muscle after 3 mo of hindlimb immobilization in rats

During immobilization, skeletal muscle undergoes decreases in size and strength with concomitant atrophic and degenerative changes in slow-twitch muscle fibers. Currently there are no objective data in slow-twitch muscle demonstrating recovery of biochemical or physiological indices following termination of immobilization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the soleus, a slow-twitch muscle, could recover normal biochemical or physiological levels following termination of immobilization. Adenosine triphosphate, glycogen, and protein concentration (mg/g wet wt) all significantly decreased following 90 days of hindlimb immobilization, but these three values returned to control levels by the 60th recovery day. Similarly, soleus muscle wet weight and protein content (mg protein/muscle) returned to control levels by the 14th recovery day. In contrast, maximal isometric tension did not return to normal until the 120th day. These results indicate that following muscular atrophy, which was achieved through 90 days of hindlimb immobilization, several biochemical and physiological values in skeletal muscle are recovered at various times after the end of immobilization.

Booth, F. W.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Extended duration orbiter study: CO2 removal and water recovery

Two electrochemical depolarized carbon dioxide concentrator subsystems were evaluated against baseline lithium hydroxide for (1) the baseline orbiter when expanded to accommodate a crew of seven (mission option one), (2) an extended duration orbiter with a power extension package to reduce fuel cell expendables (mission option two), and (3) an extended duration orbiter with a full capability power module to eliminate fuel cell expendables (mission option three). The electrochemical depolarized carbon dioxide concentrator was also compared to the solid amine regenerable carbon dioxide removal concept. Water recovery is not required for Mission Option One since sufficient water is generated by the fuel cells. The vapor compression distillation subsystem was evaluated for mission option two and three only. Weight savings attainable using the vapor compression distillation subsystem for water recovery versus on-board water storage were determined. Combined carbon dioxide removal and water recovery was evaluated to determine the effect on regenerable carbon dioxide removal subsystem selection.

Marshall, R. D.↗

NASA NTRS1980

A spin-recovery parachute system for light general-aviation airplanes

A tail mounted spin recovery parachute system was designed and developed by the NASA Langley Research Center for use on light general aviation airplanes. The system was designed for use on typical airplane configurations, including low wing, single engine, and twin-engine design. A mechanically triggered pyrotechnic slug gun is used to forcibly deploy a pilot parachute which extracts a bag that deploys a ring slot spin recovery parachute. The total system weighs 8.2 kg (18 lb). System design factors included airplane wake effects on parachute deployment, prevention of premature parachute deployment, positive parachute jettison, compact size, low weight, system reliability, and pilot and ground crew safety. Extensive ground tests were conducted to qualify the system. The recovery parachute was used successfully in flight 17 times.

Bradshaw, C.↗