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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Field Scale Testing of the Thermocatalytic Ethylene Production Process Using Ethane and Actual Coal Fired Flue Gas Co 2

This report provides a summary of the work performed and results obtained from a project supported by the US DOE (DE-FE0031713). In this study, Southern Research (SR) completed field-scale demonstration of a rationally designed novel nano-engineered catalyst driven thermochemical process to produce high yield of ethylene by using CO 2 derived from actual coal-fired flue gas and ethane. This process, referred to here as “CO 2 -ODH” due to CO 2 use via oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) mechanism, follows a modified pathway to classical steam cracking (SC) process of ethylene production thus paving the way for significantly reduced CO 2 footprint, marginally improved thermodynamics, higher product selectivity and lower reaction temperatures.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Fission In R-process Elements (FIRE) - Quarterly Report (Q2FY22)

The goal of the FIRE topical collaboration in nuclear theory was to determine the astrophysical conditions of the rapid neutron capture process (r-process), which is responsible for the formation of heavy elements. This was be achieved by including in r-process simulations the most advanced models of fission (spontaneous, neutron-induced, β-delayed) that have been developed at LLNL and LANL. The collaboration was composed of LLNL (lead) and LANL for fission work, BNL for nuclear data management, and the university of Notre Dame and North Carolina State University for r-process simulations. Under DOE/NNSA agreement, both universities received funds from DOE Office of Science, while national laboratories receive funds directly from NA221.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Fission In R-process Elements (FIRE)

The goal of the FIRE topical collaboration in nuclear theory was to determine the astrophysical conditions of the rapid neutron capture process (r-process), which is responsible for the formation of heavy elements. This was achieved by including in r-process simulations the most advanced models of fission (spontaneous, neutron-induced, β-delayed) that have been developed at LLNL and LANL. The collaboration was composed of LLNL (lead) and LANL for work on nuclear data (ground-state properties, fission, β-decay), BNL for nuclear data management, and the university of Notre Dame and North Carolina State University for r-process simulations. Under DOE/NNSA agreement, both universities received funds from the DOE Office of Science, while national laboratories received funds directly from NA221.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Fission In R-process Elements (FIRE)

The goal of the FIRE topical collaboration in nuclear theory was to determine the astrophysical conditions of the rapid neutron capture process (r-process), which is responsible for the formation of heavy elements. This was be achieved by including in r-process simulations the most advanced models of fission (spontaneous, neutron-induced, β-delayed) that have been developed at LLNL and LANL. The collaboration was composed of LLNL (lead) and LANL for fission work, BNL for nuclear data management, and the university of Notre Dame and North Carolina State University for r-process simulations. Under DOE/NNSA agreement, both universities received funds from DOE Office of Science, while national laboratories receive funds directly from NA221.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improving Reliability, Weight and Cost of Gas-Fired Absorption Heat Pumps

The objective of the project was to identify and verify a viable path for the use of aluminum tubes in evaporators for gas-fired ammonia-water absorption heat pumps (GAHP), via identification of a suitable alloy, coating, inhibitor, process, or combination, for the purpose of achieving weight and cost reduction.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Los Alamos National Laboratory Floodplain Assessment for the Technical Area 72 Outdoor Live Fire Range Gate Installation Project

The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a semi-autonomous agency within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is proposing new construction in lower Sandia Canyon at Technical Area (TA) 72 at the Outdoor Live Fire Range facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The proposed upgrades are intended to improve range safety.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Technology Maturation of Wireless Harsh Environment Sensors For Improved Condition Based Monitoring Of Coal Fired Power Generation

The overall goal of this project was to demonstrate and develop the usage of high-temperature (HT) harsh-environment (HE) wireless surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR) sensor technology to promote reliable maintenance through condition-based maintenance (CBM) for field applications in harsh service conditions associated with power plant environments. The project aimed to advance the HT HE wireless SAWR sensor technology from TRL 5 to TRL 7. In addition to HT HE wireless temperature sensing, efforts were dedicated during this project to investigate, develop and increase the TRL from 3 to 5 for the following technologies: (a) HT HE strain sensors to address additional CBM monitoring needs, such as boiler tube mechanical / thermal stresses, which can provide early indications for boiler tube cracking and failure; and (b) HT aluminum nitride (AlN) and scandium aluminum nitride (ScAlN) based piezoelectric thin film fabrication and implementation of SAW sensors, with the goal of releasing the need to use single crystal piezoelectric materials for SAWRs and thus broaden possible technology applications to non-planar and harder to modify surfaces. To achieve the goals mentioned above, UMaine and its partner, Environetix Technologies Corporation, established partnerships with the following power plants: Longview Power (Maidsville, WV), a coal-fired power plant; Penobscot Energy Recovery Corp (PERC, Orrington, ME), a waste-to-energy power plant; and the UMaine Steam Plant (Orono, ME), an oil / natural gas power plant. To realize wireless HT HE SAWR sensor systems in these harsh service conditions, the University of Maine research team worked with Environetix and these power plants to define, design, fabricate, test and validate a mature prototype wireless temperature SAWR sensor system for boiler tube applications within the HT HE of the reheater pass damper chamber to directly and wirelessly monitor the temperature at eighteen independent boiler tube locations. The system included three levels, or “tiers”, of wireless communication to enable remote monitoring: Tier 1, the wireless link in the reheater pass damper chamber directly accessing the sensors on the boilers; Tier 2, the wireless local area network link, transmitting processed sensor information within the power plant to the Tier 3, a commercial wireless signal carrier company for secure remote data monitoring outside of the power plant. Regarding the wireless sensor system installed at Longview Power, temperature information from the boilers was continuously transmitted from the Longview boilers at Maidsville, WV, to Environetix headquarters, Orono, ME, over a 34 month period, when the system was finally decommissioned. Strain sensors and piezoelectric ScAlN thin film sensors were successfully installed on the exhaust duct at the UMaine Steam Power plant. The advances in wireless strain sensors and thin film piezoelectric film fabrication and testing were performed mostly in UMaine laboratories and field tested at the UMaine Steam Plant, due to its close proximity to UMaine/Environetix, access to the plant facility, and due to difficulties in accessing the other power plants during the COVID shut-down period. The project accomplished the TRL level increase of the targeted CBM technologies through the successful fabrication, installation, test, and validation of dedicated and commercial wireless sensor systems, utilizing the three different power plants. The outcomes of this project, including the wireless sensor data capability, are expected to yield an advance for CBM in harsh power plant environments. The reduction of maintenance costs, improved safety during plant operation, and increased power plant efficiency will lead to increased revenues (i.e., fewer forced outages) due to better process monitoring enabled by the wireless HT HE SAWR temperature sensor technology.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Fission In R-process Elements (FIRE) (NA-22 Quarterly Report, Q4FY22)

The goal of the FIRE topical collaboration in nuclear theory was to determine the astrophysical conditions of the rapid neutron capture process (r-process), which is responsible for the formation of heavy elements. This was be achieved by including in r-process simulations the most advanced models of fission (spontaneous, neutron-induced, β-delayed) that have been developed at LLNL and LANL. The collaboration was composed of LLNL (lead) and LANL for fission work, BNL for nuclear data management, and the university of Notre Dame and North Carolina State University for r-process simulations. Under DOE/NNSA agreement, both universities received funds from DOE Office of Science, while national laboratories receive funds directly from NA221.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Validation Analysis of Medium-Scale Methanol Pool Fire Simulated in SIERRA/Fuego [Slides]

Analysis of methanol pool fire conducted as part of validation study for SIERRA/Fuego. Results showed trends & errors consistent with related studies. Area validation metric provides way to quantify model form uncertainty. AVM shows that more work could be done to understand how model form uncertainty varies with mesh resolution. There is a possible atypical use of MAVM on time-series data. AVM shows mismatch between predicted flame height and experimental value less sensitive to variations in mixture fraction than temperature. Mismatch about experimental value also more symmetric for mixture fraction. Our analysis showed that mixture fraction is preferable for this application.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Study of Radiative Heat Transfer and Flow Physics from Medium-scale Methanol Pool Fire Simulations [Slides]

Analysis of methanol pool fire conducted as part of validation study for SIERRA/Fuego. Radiation model was effectively calibrated by modifying radiation model parameters for methanol. Computing integrated buoyancy flux, entrainment rate, and turbulent kinetic energy allowed for evaluation of less typical quantities in this validation study. Quantities were compared with experimental data or correlations and generally showed agreement. TKE needed fine mesh to be computed accurately. Predicted flame height less sensitive to variations in mixture fraction than temperature. Mixture fraction is a preferable threshold variable for this application.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

F-500 Fire Suppressant & Fixative Evaluation (FY22 Final Project Report)

The goal of this project was to conduct an evaluation of F-500 Multi-Purpose Encapsulator Agent for viability as a contamination fixative and fire suppression agent for specific applications related to work performed at the Pantex Plant and Y-12 National Security Complex.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

CO 2 Pipeline Analysis for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants

Previous studies have examined the needs for CO 2 transport and storage to achieve a net zero emissions economy by 2050 (Abramson and Christensen, 2021; Greig and Pascale, 2021; Chen and Pawar, 2023). This analysis examines the minimum CO 2 pipeline infrastructure necessary to transport and store CO 2 captured from coal-fired power plants. This analysis also examines an additional network configuration considering minimizing the number of state border crossings, reflecting non-economic considerations that may impact pipeline buildout.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2024

National Fire Protection Association Spurs the Safe Adoption of EVs Through Education and Outreach

As electric vehicles (EV) and their charging infrastructure steadily increase in popularity across the U.S., growing pains still exist, impeding their true potential for growth. The barriers include a general lack of knowledge around EV systems, range anxiety, electrical workplace safety practices, code compliance and inspection for charging stations, maintenance garages and workers, insurance concerns, and the potential risks associated with damaged lithium-ion batteries (fires, re-ignition, water immersion, and stranded energy).NFPA partnered with SMEs, training development organizations, and Clean City Coalitions to create a series of common online trainings for each EV ecosystem sector, educating communities on the realities of EV proliferation, myths, facts, statistics, codes, and basic information for each sector to become versed in EV knowledge. We also constructed a workshop program for the many EV stakeholders who should be involved in setting up a strategic, cohesive outlook for the participating towns and cities.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Approaches for Water Removal in Direct-Fired sCO 2 Power Cycles

There is interest in investigation of water removal processes in direct fired sCO 2 flows, as this may potentially lead to greater system efficiency as the removal of this contaminant will result in sCO 2 behaving close to idealized behaviors. Water removal should be split into a two-step process, condensation of the water, followed by separation of the liquid phase water from the sCO 2 . The two main avenues of condensation are manipulation of pressure and temperature for phase change. For this paper, temperature-based phase change is the primary focus through the implementation of heat exchangers. Of the heat exchangers investigated it was found that printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) could be an alternative for this use case, though the specific design of flow channel geometry and flow direction depends on the specific system case and cannot be determined at this point. For water separation there were four processes identified, all of which already assume water is in liquid phase at that point in the system. Of these separation avenues the best candidate is the hydrocyclone as it has a proven history of separating liquid-liquid phase mixtures with small density differences in oilfield use, in addition they have been investigated and modeled specifically for water separation for sCO 2 flows and the footprint is relatively small.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Environmental Compatibility Issues for Ni-Based Alloys in Direct-Fired Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles

Direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles offer potential for high-efficiency power generation from natural gas and other fossil fuels with built-in carbon capture. Ni-based superalloys are the leading candidates for the hottest portions of these systems, where they must endure long-term exposure to high-temperature, high-pressure, high-velocity, impure CO2-rich environments. Herein we describe results of various experimental testing campaigns conduced at NETL showing that under such conditions, several simultaneously occurring degradation modes may be active including surface oxidation, alloy carburization, and oxide volatilization. It will be shown that the rates of degradation can be strongly affected by the alloy composition, impurities in the CO2, manufacturing method (wrought vs additive), and other factors. The influence of these factors in controlling alloy degradation are discussed in the context of potential compatibility issues for components in real sCO2 systems, such as compact heat exchangers. Finally, as a potential remedial measure, ongoing work involving protective coatings suitable for complex geometries is presented.

alloy oxidation↗
DOE OSTI2025

Handbook for Performing Hydrocarbon Fuel Fires in XTF For Fast-Heat System Level Tests

This document serves to provide information on all aspects of a system level thermal qualification test including a description of the setup and conduct of a full system fuel fire test in the Thermal Test Complex (TTC) Crosswind Test Facility (XTF). This might be referred to as a “handbook” for future tests. This information is intended to assist technologists and test directors in performing these types of tests in the future.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tritium Containment Vessel Response to Thermal and Mechanical Abuse Environments for Fire Safety Assessments

This report evaluates leakage behavior from tritium containment vessels under thermal abuse and combined thermal-mechanical abuse conditions to better understand safety implications for releases occurring in a fire scenario. Surrogate gases were used for all tests in this report. Leakage through the valves from thermal pressurization was observed when heating rates >0.8°C/s were sustained to >300°C. Gas plumes were visualized from vessels that were heated above 260°C and then dropped.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗