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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

From Silos to Synergy: Identifying a Roadmap for Cross-Sector Research to Accelerate the Clean Energy Transition

The U.S. Department of Energy's blueprints for the transportation, buildings, and electricity sectors call for substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. These plans focus on zero-emission vehicles, investments in transit, energy-efficient buildings, and the widespread adoption and deployment of renewable energy technologies like solar photovoltaics (PV), energy storage and energy-efficient appliances. However, these sectors are often studied and modeled in isolation, overlooking how household decisions to adopt clean technologies in one sector influence others. This study, led by an interdisciplinary team at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), explores opportunities for cross-sector collaboration to drive more effective and equitable decarbonization. Through discussions with 22 NREL researchers across transportation, building, solar, and grid sectors, the study highlights the need for integrated tools and models that capture interactions between these sectors. Key insights include the need for data standardization and interoperability to enable cross-sector analysis and decision-making. Strengthening utility partnerships is also critical to align energy policies with decarbonization goals and manage the increased demand for renewable energy. The study also emphasizes the importance of equity in the clean energy transition, calling for targeted incentives and support to ensure that low-income and underserved communities benefit from clean technologies like electric vehicles and energy-efficient appliances. To support these efforts, innovative funding mechanisms must be expanded to facilitate interdisciplinary research, such as city-specific decarbonization plans and federal projects like DOE"s Standard Scenarios. By encouraging collaboration and integrating cross-sector insights, this study aims to provide a roadmap to accelerate the clean energy transition and ensure it is both sustainable and inclusive.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Changes in Characteristics of Future Climate Across the U.S.: Time Series Analysis of Climate Model Data by NASA POWER

NASA’s Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project facilitates the use of NASA Earth Science data holdings within the energy, agricultural, and building heating/cooling design industries. POWER packages solar and meteorological data at various temporal levels from several NASA projects in a user friendly GIS-enabled web services system (https://power.larc.nasa.gov). Data users can access these data either through an intuitive data viewer, image services fully integrable with GIS analysis, connections in the cloud through an Amazon Web Services S3 Bucket, or fully customizable access through an API. Data provided by POWER has been used to remotely monitor solar array fields and integrated in a sizing tool for off-grid solar and storage systems. POWER data has also been coupled with key building decision tools to support design and retrofitting of building energy systems for energy efficiency and reduction of greenhouse gases. POWER is now developing capabilities to provide time series of the projected future evolution of surface quantities important to future energy production and use, such as heating/cooling degree days, temperature, wind speed, and downwelling solar flux. We present here a range of possible future changes in these quantities at locations throughout the continental United States. We show how both average and extreme values of the quantities will evolve from present-day to future climate conditions. We plan to provide these projections for users in the energy and sustainable energy communities.

Bradley M. Hegyi↗
DOE OSTI2024

Carbon Transport and Storage Planning and Viability Support Tools

The EDX disCO2ver Carbon Transport and Storage Planning and Viability Support Tools are made up of the Carbon Storage Planning Inquiry Tool (CS PlanIT, Justman et al. 2024) and the Carbon Storage Technical Viability Approach Support Tool (CS TVA). Together, these tools support data access to support understanding data availability to support planning efforts for carbon transport and storage. The Carbon Storage Planning Inquiry Tool (CS PlanIT) is an online web mapping application designed to help users explore, query, and evaluate multiple data layers to support and accelerate carbon storage resource and feasibility assessments and planning efforts. CS PlanIT currently contains a range of datasets associated with geologic, technical, and infrastructure factors. The data sets can be filtered geographically for an area of interest to update statistics and charts within the dashboard. The dashboard is divided into different sections called widgets, relating to different steps in the carbon storage planning process. The resources in this submission include a link to PlanIT, as well as a data catalog and link to user documentation. The original citation for the CS PlanIT tool, which has now been integrated into the toolset here, was: - Devin Justman, Scott Pantaleone, Maneesh Sharma, Lucy Romeo, Paige Morkner, CS PlanIT (Carbon Storage Planning Inquiry Tool) , 6/28/2024, https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/cs-planit-carbon-storage-planning-inquiry-tool, DOI: 10.18141/2377953 The Carbon Storage Technical Viability Approach Support (CS TVA) Tool displays spatial data availability for the many components of Geologic Carbon Storage (GCS) technical viability assessment (Creason al 2025). Identifying sites suitable for GCS requires evaluating the intersection of myriad factors, including reservoir conditions, subsurface and surface hazards, infrastructure requirements, and energy community metrics. The technical viability of a site can only be confirmed for instances where all these factors have data available, and where those data support viability. Additional Resources related to the Technical Viability Assessment Tool: - Julia Mulhern, Casey White, Araceli Lara, Neyda Cordero Rodriguez, Zachary Jackson, Jacob Shay, Gabriel Creason, MacKenzie Mark-Moser, Paige Morkner, Kelly Rose, Carbon Storage Technical Viability Approach (CS TVA) Database, 3/26/2025, https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/edx4ccs-carbon-storage-technical-viability-approach-database , DOI:10.18141/1984655 - Julia Mulhern, MacKenzie Mark-Moser, Gabriel Creason, Casey White, Araceli Lara, Neyda Cordero Rodriguez, Zach Jackson, Paige Morkner, Kelly Rose, Carbon Storage Technical Viability Approach (CS TVA) Matrix, 3/27/2025, https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/carbon-storage-technical-viability-approach-cs-tva-matrix , DOI: 10.18141/2539979 - Gabriel Creason, Zach Jackson, Neyda Cordero Rodriguez, Julia Mulhern, Casey White, Araceli Lara, MacKenzie Mark-Moser, Paige Morkner, Kelly Rose, Carbon Storage Technical Viability Approach (CS TVA) Data Availability Results Database, 3/27/2025, https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/carbon-storage-technical-viability-approach-cs-tva-data-availability-results-database, DOI:10.18141/2538557

Carbon storage↗
DOE OSTI2023

Reducing microgrid availability to reduce costs for coastal Puerto Rican communities

Renewable microgrids are sustainable, resilient solutions to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Making electric loads nearly 100% available (i.e., power remains on) during outages increases cost. Near 100% availability is required when human life or high-cost assets are involved, but availability can be reduced for less consequential loads leading to lower costs. This study analyses costs for photo-voltaic and lithium-ion battery microgrids with availability ranging from 0–99%. We develop a methodology to analyse three Puerto Rican coastal communities. Here, we consider power outage effects for hurricanes, earthquakes, and everyday outages. The results show cost versus availability from 0–99%. There is 27–31% cost reduction at 80% availability in comparison to 99% availability. A regression model of microgrid availability versus three ratios: 1) the annual generation to demand ratio, 2) storage to interruption energy ratio, and 3) peak storage to load ratio produced a coefficient of determination of 0.99949 with 70% of the data used for training and 30% for testing. The results can therefore be extended to other coastal Puerto Rican communities of varying sizes that have ratios within the ranges analysed in this study. This can empower decision makers to rapidly analyse designs that have availabilities well below 100%.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1983

The ISPM solar-wind plasma experiment

The ISPM solar wind plasma experiment accurately characterizes the bulk flow and internal state conditions of the interplanetary plasma in three dimensions at all heliographic distances and heliographic latitudes reached by the spacecraft. Solar wind electrons, protons, alpha particles, and heavier ions are measured. Oxygen, silicon, and iron ions at various charge levels are resolved. Electrons and ions are measured simultaneously with independent curved-plate electrostatic analysers equipped with multiple continuous channel electron multipliers arranged so that particle velocity distributions are suitably resolved without gaps in spacecraft polar-angle space. Electrons with energies between 1 and 900 eV are detected at 7 polar angles and various combinations of azimuth angle to cover the unit sphere comprehensively. Ions are detected between 257 eV/Q and 35 keV/Q. Data matrices are obtained every 4 min when the spacecraft is actively transmitting and every 8 min during storage periods. These matrices contain sufficient energy and angle resolution to permit detailed calculations of ion velocity distributions.

Bame, S. J.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Energy-Storing Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ for Utility and Industrial-scale Processes (Final Report)

This project leverages work completed under funding from previous U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) projects and other sources of funding around the Cryogenic Carbon Capture Process™ (CCC). The purpose of this project is to further develop a perturbation of the CCC process that stores energy called the Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ Energy Storing (CCC-ES) process. The successful completion of the tasks in this project has prepared the CCC-ES process for scaling and developed initial plans and a feasibility analysis for an engineering-scale or small-commercial scale system that can store at least 10 MWh of energy. The specific areas of work in this project are: (1) Develop a conceptual, site-specific integrated process flow diagram: Sustainable Energy Solutions (SES) developed a conceptual, site-specific plan including a process flow diagram for integrating CCC-ES at a specific location. The proposed system was based on a typical engineering-scale CCC system designed to capture 30-50 metric tonnes of CO 2 per day (TPD), with modifications and additional changes and equipment put in place to add the energy storage element to the system. The 30-50 TPD scale corresponds to the required 10 MWh of stored energy. This task includes updating simulation software for transient analysis. SES also coordinated with the Jim Bridger Power Plant in Point of Rocks, Wyoming to get site-specific data. Using these data, SES completed site-specific preliminary process flow diagrams, estimated capital and operating costs for the CCC-ES system, and used the upgraded software package to estimate the primary figures of merit. (2) Complete a technoeconomic analysis (TEA): SES completed a full-scale TEA of the CCC-ES system to meet specific success criteria. This TEA used process information from the host site selected above. (3) Technology and data gap assessment for the CCC-ES process: As part of the technology gap assessment, SES performed an assessment of the best alternative energy storage solutions including figures of merit and operational strengths and weaknesses. SES then compared the proposed system with a discussion of how it addresses the weaknesses of alternative systems, showing for example a cost of stored energy at less than $50/MWh and with a roundtrip efficiency of greater than 95%. This assessment includes technical and other risk analyses and technology gaps with research and development needs to commercialize the process by 2030. Finally, work includes a commercialization roadmap/development pathway outlining the major milestones to move to a commercially operating CCC-ES system. (4) Phase II pre-FEED project plan: SES completed a project plan for the Phase II pre-FEED analysis using the same host site as in the Phase I conceptual study.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2022

TEDS Test Plan for Performance Characterization of Packed-bed Thermal Energy Storage Unit

This report proposes a set of test plans for performance measurement and characterization of the packed-bed thermal energy storage (TES) unit for TEDS. The main goals of this test plan are three-fold: (i) support the high-fidelity data measurement for TEDS, (ii) characterize thermal and structural performance of the TEDS TES unit, and (iii) produce high quality validation-oriented data. To achieve the goals, it is first suggested to revisit the instrument calibration and data sampling protocols applied during the startup and commissioning tests of TEDS, based on the observation from the recent CFD validation study using the TEDS TES operational data. The uncertainty quantification of the thermal and hydraulic measurements is also suggested. Lastly, test matrices are provided for charge, discharge, and standby modes of the packed-bed TES unit, respectively, to characterize the thermal and structural performances during the envisioned TEDS operations.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Thermo-hydro-mechanical analysis of subsurface ice-based thermal energy storage

Ice-based thermal energy storage systems are widely utilized for cooling and managing peak electrical demand globally, offering daily or weekly storage capabilities for both individual homes and larger office buildings. However, scaling these systems for district-level cooling or integrating them with renewable energy sources presents challenges, especially in accommodating larger volumes and addressing seasonal storage requirements in densely populated urban areas. This paper proposes a novel solution by evaluating subsurface ice-based thermal energy storage, in which the underground is subjected to seasonal freeze/thaw cycles. However, these cycles may influence ground behavior, affecting pore pressure and inducing ground movement. To systematically investigate these challenges, we enhance the TOUGH-FLAC simulator by integrating water/ice phase change capabilities and updating the effective stress–strain constitutive relation. Both modifications are validated against analytical solutions or experimental data. Through numerical simulations spanning a decade with ten seasonal freeze/thaw cycles, we evaluate the performance and long-term stability of a generic subsurface ice-based thermal energy storage system, considering factors such as ground permeability, freezing pipe spacing, freeze/thaw damage, and glycol solution temperature. The simulations indicate that ice formation induces pore pressure variations that drive seasonal surface heave and settlement, controlled by ground permeability, pipe spacing, and glycol solution temperature, along with tensile and localized shear deformation around freeze pipes. This highlights the need for accurate ground property characterization and geomechanical analysis for subsurface ice-based thermal energy storage.

Ground freezing↗
DOE OSTI2024

Voltage Mining for (De)lithiation-Stabilized Cathodes and a Machine Learning Model for Li-Ion Cathode Voltage

Advances in lithium-metal anodes have inspired interest in discovery of Li-free cathodes, most of which are natively found in their charged state. This is in contrast to today's commercial lithium-ion battery cathodes, which are more stable in their discharged state. In this study, we combine calculated cathode voltage information from both categories of cathode materials, covering 5577 and 2423 total unique structure pairs, respectively. The resulting voltage distributions with respect to the redox pairs and anion types for both classes of compounds emphasize design principles for high-voltage cathodes, which favor later Period 4 transition metals in their higher oxidation states and more electronegative anions like fluorine or polyanion groups. Generally, cathodes that are found in their charged, delithiated state are shown to exhibit voltages lower than those that are most stable in their lithiated state, in agreement with thermodynamic expectations. Deviations from this trend are found to originate from different anion distributions between redox pairs. In addition, a machine learning model for voltage prediction based on chemical formulas is trained and shows state-of-the-art performance when compared to two established composition-based ML models for material properties predictions, Roost and CrabNet.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for C -even states decaying to D s ± D s * ∓ with masses between 4.08 and 4.32 GeV / c 2

Six C -even states, denoted as X , with quantum numbers J P C = 0 − + , 1 ± + , or 2 ± + , are searched for via the e + e − → γ D s ± D s * ∓ process using ( 1667.39 ± 8.84 ) pb − 1 of e + e − collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring at center-of-mass energy of s = ( 4681.92 ± 0.30 ) MeV . No statistically significant signal is observed in the mass range from 4.08 GeV / c 2 to 4.32 GeV / c 2 . The upper limits of σ [ e + e − → γ X ] · B [ X → D s ± D s * ∓ ] at a 90% confidence level are determined. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Counter Data Paucity through Adversarial Invariance Encoding: A Case Study on Modeling Battery Thermal Runaway

Lithium-ion batteries, widely used for their durability and high energy storage, face the risk of internal short circuits leading to catastrophic thermal runaway events. These events, triggered by external stimuli like mechanical loads, pose safety concerns in applications such as electric vehicles. Detecting and understanding thermal runaway events is crucial, but physics-driven models struggle to explain the non-linear evolution of battery temperature during these events, considering factors like material composition and state-of-charge. Due to the rarity of these events and the cost of data collection, we propose a deep learning (DL) model to predict battery temperature responses during thermal runaway. The challenge lies in the scarcity of data, making traditional DL models prone to overfitting and learning low-quality representations of the complex process.Our approach introduces a novel few-shot architecture that incorporates an adversarially governed invariant encoding process. This architecture aims to distill "invariant" relationships by addressing distributional shifts in data across various battery properties, facilitating the detection of thermal runaway events. Specifically, our results demonstrate that deep learning models conditioned on these "invariant" representations outperform state-of-the-art baselines, achieving a remarkable 96.8% performance improvement in terms of the popular metric MAPE. This framework presents a promising direction for enhancing battery safety modeling, particularly in the context of rare and complex events like thermal runaway. Our code and code and dataset used for the paper are public1.

Tabassum, Anika [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000254600955)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ecobuoys for Scalable Oceanography

An approach to scalable surface-drifting buoys is needed to enable the high spatial and temporal resolution of oceanographic data that the science and meteorological communities are asking for. With the number of active buoys predicted to increase by a factor of 100 or more, the impact on the environment becomes even more important. Here, we present a pathway to a scalable and sustainable generation of buoys. We identify the main criteria to be used when developing such buoys to be low cost, with reliable data and neutral or even positive environmental impact. For each buoy subsystem—hull, electronics, energy generation and storage, sensors, and communication system—cutting-edge technological solutions are presented, many of them from emerging research in marine or other disciplines. We then assess the potential solutions against the design criteria and plot a path toward small, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and low-power buoys.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1976

N2-Cs thermionic converter development

The possibility of using molecular nitrogen gas additive as an energy storage which in turn produces cesium ionization in advanced thermionic converter is first described theoretically. Experimental data confirmed for the first time such cesium ionization by vibrationally excited molecular nitrogen. Based on these experimental observations, the use of this scheme for the verification of validity of the recent Lam's theory and its application for the development of an advanced flowing thermionic converter are discussed.

Shaw, D. T.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Installation package for a solar-heating system

Package consists of installation, operation and maintenance manuals for four commercial solar energy subsystems, including flat plate solar collector pebble bed thermal-storage. Manual gives design information, sizing data, specification drawings, and other material for subsystem.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1992

Effects of higher order aberrations on beam shape in an optical recording system

An unexpected irradiance pattern in the detector plane of an optical data storage system was observed. Through wavefront measurement and scalar diffraction modeling, it was discovered that the energy redistribution is due to residual third-order and fifth-order spherical aberration of the objective lens and cover-plate assembly. The amount of residual aberration is small, and the beam focused on the disk would be considered diffraction limited by several criteria. Since the detector is not in the focal plane, even this small amount of aberration has a significant effect on the energy distribution. We show that the energy redistribution can adversely affect focus error signals, which are responsible for maintaining sub-micron spot diameters on the spinning disk.

Wang, Mark S.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Electrical power technology for robotic planetary rovers

Power technologies which will enable a range of robotic rover vehicle missions by the end of the 1990s and beyond are discussed. The electrical power system is the most critical system for reliability and life, since all other on board functions (mobility, navigation, command and data, communications, and the scientific payload instruments) require electrical power. The following are discussed: power generation, energy storage, power management and distribution, and thermal management.

Bankston, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Technology Estimating 2: A Process to Determine the Cost and Schedule of Space Technology Research and Development

As a leader in space technology research and development, NASA is continuing in the development of the Technology Estimating process, initiated in 2012, for estimating the cost and schedule of low maturity technology research and development, where the Technology Readiness Level is less than TRL 6. NASA' s Technology Roadmap areas consist of 14 technology areas. The focus of this continuing Technology Estimating effort included four Technology Areas (TA): TA3 Space Power and Energy Storage, TA4 Robotics, TA8 Instruments, and TA12 Materials, to confine the research to the most abundant data pool. This research report continues the development of technology estimating efforts completed during 2013-2014, and addresses the refinement of parameters selected and recommended for use in the estimating process, where the parameters developed are applicable to Cost Estimating Relationships (CERs) used in the parametric cost estimating analysis. This research addresses the architecture for administration of the Technology Cost and Scheduling Estimating tool, the parameters suggested for computer software adjunct to any technology area, and the identification of gaps in the Technology Estimating process.

Cole, Stuart K.↗