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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Safeguards Considerations for Coated Particle Fuel Fabrication Facilities

This study aims to identify where existing fuel fabrication safeguards are limited in application to coated particle fuel fabrication facilities; perform a review of techniques that may be appropriate to address these limitations; and identify where further study is required. The purpose is to ensure the necessary technology and safeguards developments are established to facilitate safeguards-by-design for coated particle fuel fabrication facilities, analogous to the research and development (R&D) efforts in the advanced reactor space, including those requiring coated particle fuels and progress to higher technology readiness levels. Finally, this study will also help meet high priority objectives set forth by the IAEA in establishing safeguards R&D precedence and measurement/procedural standards at emerging fuel fabrication facilities. To achieve these objectives, the report is formatted to (1) distill relevant background information on fuel fabrication of oxide and coated particle fuels; (2) provide an overview of the fuel fabrication techniques for a reference oxide fuel fabrication facility and two selected TRISO fuel fabrication facilities; (3) develop facility models of safeguards approaches for the reference facility and the two TRISO facilities; and (4) identify any observed technology needs or gaps from this analysis.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Radiological Considerations Supporting the American Medical Isotope Producer Niowave

This report provides a summary of work performed by Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) during FY22 in support of Niowave, an American Medical Isotope Production (AMIP) facility. SRNL served in a technical support role, funded by NA-231, supporting Niowave in the beginning of non radiological functional testing of their airport facility in FY22. Through this agreement, SRNL provides Niowave access to subject matter experts (SMEs) for questions that may arise during the drafting of engineering plans, facility policies, and/or response procedures. This report summarizes discussions between SRNL and Niowave about guidance concerning issues with the floor of the hot cells, dispersible removable contamination (beta emitting fission product), hot cell operation specifically utilization of cameras or mirrors, and the process for removing contaminated waste from the hot cell. Lessons learned and other various resources provided to Niowave by SRNL during FY22 are referenced in this report. This work was funded through NNSA’s Office of Material Management and Minimization, Conversion Office (NA-231).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

RFQ Beam Loss and Shielding Consideration

The proposed novel RFQ-based injector for LANSCE operation includes two independent low energy transports merging beams at the entrance of a single RFQ, which accelerates simultaneously both protons and H- ions with multiple flavors of the beams. One of the design issues of the project is the estimation of shielding requirements for the injector. Continuous access to the injector components reduces the number of times required to open the linac tunnel and saves time for the operation. Estimation involves the evaluation of radiation generated by beam losses in the injector. In this paper, we present an overview of the shielding in existing RFQ injectors and discuss the aspects of shielding configuration for the LANSCE RFQ-based injector.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Considerations for Resilience Guidelines for Clean Energy Plans: For the Oregon Public Utility Commission and Oregon Electricity Stakeholders

This document summarizes relevant approaches, research, models, and national examples for state utility regulators tasked with developing utility guidelines for risk-based resiliency planning. In 2021, the Oregon Legislature enacted a 100 percent clean electricity by 2040 standard that requires the Oregon Public Utility Commission (PUC) to oversee utility planning for aggressive clean energy deployment through Clean Energy Plans (House Bill 2021, Sec. 4). In addition to meeting emissions reductions targets, Clean Energy Plans must also: "Include a risk-based examination of resiliency opportunities that includes costs, consequences, outcomes, and benefits based on reasonable and prudent industry resiliency standards and guidelines established by the Public Utility Commission." This report will support the Oregon Public Utility Commission in developing resilience guidelines. Other state public utility commissions may also benefit from this research.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Decarbonization Considerations: Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings [Slides]

The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) is helping federal agencies understand how to meet decarbonization goals with grid interactive efficient buildings (GEB). This training will provide attendees with an introduction to GEB, how to work with utilities, and opportunities for federal sites.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Availability and redundancy design considerations for Electron-Ion Collider cooling water systems and components

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is composed of several large-scale systems, which all require highly available cooling systems based on the Conceptual Design Report. Since the overall EIC availability goal is 85%, all the subsystems will contribute. Availability is defined by the time that a component or system is functional given a required or scheduled run time. The focus of the project was to determine if redundant or extra cooling water and deionized water pumps were needed in a subsystem to increase the overall EIC availability. The largest subsystem in the ring is the 10 o’clock cooling system, so this was used for redundancy analysis. Relationships between the components were defined as parallel, series, or m-out-of-n for the cooling towers, valves, pumps and heat exchangers to perform calculations. A comparison between an original system versus a redundant one was then done using component availability from industry standards. Cost analysis was also performed to see how much the availability and cost would decrease if the redundancy application was not chosen. The Collider-Accelerator Department (CAD) also has a calculation in place for the Relativistic-Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), so cooling water failure data was collected from their operational log and analyzed for real-life component availability. A comparison of component availability from the CAD data to the industry standards was made through the 10 o’clock cooling system layout. The results showed that the subsystems need to have over a 98% availability for an 85% goal, and that the CAD data is very close to the industry component standards. The cost differential is miniscule compared to the potential availability increase. Therefore, redundant systems can increase the overall EIC availability by a sizable amount and are worth implementing.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Site Ambient Temperatures and Operating Schedules for EIC - Utility CW Considerations

The heat dissipated by the EIC accelerator system and components is ultimately removed by the conventional water-cooling systems that will be ultimately dissipated the waste heat to the atmosphere. An estimated 45 MW of heat will be dissipated to water during full beam operation and that will need to be effectively rejected to the atmosphere. Approximately 50% of the heat is required to be rejected to a low temperature heat sink that cannot be achieved by an evaporative cooling tower during summer. To operate during these summer months, a secondary chilled water refrigeration system will be required that would increase the cost of the cooling water system. Further, operating chiller compressor in the summer months will increase the energy consumption of the machine. This analysis is being prepared to evaluate the impact on operating and capital costs on the cooling system for various summer operating schedules while utilizing the most cost-effective scenario of an evaporative cooling system. The technology selection for the various heat sinks is addressed in a separate write-up and are not expected to change the conclusions of this write-up.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Regulatory Considerations Regarding Potential High Temperature Fluid Releases in Advanced Reactor Designs

The current effort is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program (ARDP) Regulatory Development, Regulatory Framework Modernization area, which seeks to address potential regulatory challenges for advanced reactor vendors that are currently or will soon be initiating the licensing process. In pursuit of this goal, this effort seeks to aid the advanced reactor industry and regulatory bodies in understanding and addressing the potential occurrence of high-temperature fluid releases in advanced reactor designs as part of licensing and regulatory oversight of operation. Improving the awareness and understanding of the behavior and potential consequences associated with high-temperature fluid release events can ensure that they are appropriately considered and addressed.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Considerations on Managing Flowsheet and Technology for DFLAW Production

This report evaluates best practices for flowsheet and technology (F&T) management and makes recommendations for Hanford tank waste treatment operations initially for Direct Feed Low Activity Waste (DFLAW). Establishing practicing F&T management operations prior to hot commissioning the Hanford Waste Treatment Plant is desirable to ensure focused F&T leadership and F&T capabilities and competencies are immediately ready to sustain DFLAW production operations. Management of F&T is characterized by the five programmatic elements important to sustained operations and leads to recommendations for Hanford tank waste treatment operations:

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Criticality Safety and Fuel Performance Considerations for Enrichment Above 5 Weight Percent in the Uranium Dioxide Fuel Cycle

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is preparing for anticipated licensing applications requesting fuel enrichments of UO 2 ceramic fuels enriched in excess of 5 weight percent (w/o) 235 U for commercial light-water reactors (LWRs). PNNL has been tasked with providing technical assistance to the NRC related to the review and approval of requests for enrichment increases above the current 5 w/o 235 U enrichment limit. This report will provide the agency with technical assistance to enhance the staff’s knowledge base and to identify developmental needs required to support the licensing of greater than 5 w/o UO 2 ceramic fuels. This report provides a background on increasing enrichment of UO 2 LWR fuel beyond 5 w/o 235 U. The primary concern of increasing enrichment is the impacts to criticality safety. This report will focus on criticality safety as it relates to enrichment, conversion of uranium hexafluoride to UO 2 , fuel assembly fabrication, transportation of fresh/spent fuel assemblies, reactor operations, and storage of fresh/spent fuel assemblies. The report provides a general summary of each of the steps in the UO 2 fuel cycle starting from transportation of enriched UF 6 through dry cask storage of spent fuel assemblies. This report also discusses other impacts of increased enrichment during reactor operation and the surrounding fuel cycle activities. Current needs regarding both data and analytical codes to support the increase above 5 w/o 235 U are identified and discussed.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Notes on Davis EOS: Historical Perspective, Derivations & Physical Considerations

Davis reactant and product semi-empirical EOS have been introduced in a series of publications by W. C. Davis. These EOS are convenient to use in conjunction with reactive burn models to parameterize the thermodynamic response of quiescent high explosives (HE) and the mixture of HE decomposition products. There is a history of development of these EOS with different formulae and functional forms found in different papers. The goal of the present notes is to track that history, clarify the physical motivation behind various modifications to Davis EOS over time, and collect all the relevant formulae in one place.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Modeling and Market Design Considerations for Conventional and Decarbonized Resources

The following paper reviews various market design issues that will need to be reconsidered due to anticipated changes in the resources that supply energy in wholesale electricity markets. As the energy supply continues towards decarbonization, the change in resource technologies will affect the fundamentals of production scheduling and the policies to address supply variability and uncertainty. We show through simple numerical examples that the existing market design approach based on fuel costs will result in $0/MWh prices with intermittent price spikes during reserve shortages, but that incorporating more granular reserve pricing, energy storage participation, and price-responsive demand participation can restore efficient market clearing with reasonable pricing outcomes. The market design approach fundamentally shifts from fuel based to opportunity cost based. We briefly review alternative market design frameworks that can support this shift, including intraday markets, decentralized markets, flexibility options, and swing contracts. Market designs may also be required to accommodate or support various out-of-market policies and agreements; ideally, these external factors can be integrated into the market design to facilitate efficient exchanges across longer time scales, between other markets, and in support of public policy goals. The paper concludes by discussing how decarbonization trends may affect the design and use of production cost models for short term operations and long term planning studies.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

FERC Order No. 2222 and Considerations for Distributed Wind

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order No. 2222 in October 2020. The rule directs Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators (ISOs) to amend their tariffs and participation models to accommodate heterogeneous distributed energy resource (DER) aggregations in the wholesale energy markets that they operate, including capacity, energy, and ancillary service markets. The Commission issued the rule to better capture the benefits provided by DERs deployed in the United States, whose use has been expanding rapidly. The Commission defines DERs as “any resource located on the distribution system, any subsystem thereof or behind a customer meter,” including but not limited to “electric storage resources, distributed generation, demand response, energy efficiency, thermal storage, and electric vehicles and their supply equipment.” The rule aims to increase DER participation in wholesale markets by allowing the creation of DER aggregations, in which multiple DERs that are too small to meet minimum capacity requirements for wholesale markets individually would be able to participate in markets as a single unit. As of June 20, 2023, all ISOs have filed initial compliance plans and a number have begun implementation. Compliance dates range from 2024 to 2029, with Midcontinent ISO having the latest date of compliance proposed for 2029. Southwest Power Pool still has an outstanding date, having no final order yet from FERC, but a target date of the third quarter of calendar year 2025. The rule, which is technology agnostic and requires ISOs to create participation plans that accommodate different DERs, provides an opportunity for distributed wind market expansion. In addition, distributed wind can bring benefits to heterogenous DER aggregations. These benefits include resource diversity (i.e., a complementary generation profile to other types of distributed generation), its small footprint and ability to be co-located with load, and its potential to provide frequency response, voltage support, and black start services, among other ancillary services. This report provides a status update on FERC Order No. 2222, the current state of ISO compliance, and information relevant to the distributed wind industry as DER aggregators and other stakeholders expand their participation to wholesale energy markets.

17 WIND ENERGY↗